Plant Biotechnology Persa
Volume:5 Issue: 1, Winter and Spring 2023

One of the application areas of nanobiotechnology is the use of silver nanoparticles (Nanosilver particles) for a new solution in medical treatments. In the present study, we investigate the effect of nano silver particles of the aqueous extract of Artemisia aucheri on skin wound healing among male rats.

After creating wounds in 48 rats, they were randomly divided into 6 groups. treatment with 0.2% AgNPs ointment, treatment with 0.2% AgSO4 ointment, treatment with 0.2% A. aucheri  ointment, treatment with 3% tetracycline ointment, treatment with Eucerin basal ointment, and untreated control The tested groups were treated for ten days.

Treatment with AgNPs ointment significantly increased the amount of vascular contraction, hexose amine and hydroxyproline, and fibrocyte and fibrocyte to fibroblast ratio. Also, in the mentioned group, the wound area and the total number of cells, neutrophils and lymphocytes decreased significantly compared to other groups. 

The nano silver particles of the aqueous extract of A. aucheri accelerate the healing process of skin wounds and reduce the time required for complete wound healing.

Rail transportation is an economic mode of transportation for goods and public movement. In recent years railway activities are also becoming an important cause of deterioration of environment and also negatively affecting growth of plant. The discharge of different types of pollutants from railway activities changes the soil qualities and growth performance of plants. The effects of locomotive activities on edaphic characteristics and seedling performance of economically and medicinally evergreen Portia tree species were recorded.

The seedling growth of Thespesia populnea was tested in soil of nearby railway track side in pot of 20.0 x 9.80 cm in size was evaluated. The pots were reshuffled on weekly basis with five replicates to avoid any light or shade effect. The plant circumference, seedling height and leaves numbers were noted. The plant material was uprooted from pots carefully and kept in oven get constant dry weights.

The treatments of different soil types close to the railway track areas reduced significantly (p<0.05) in terms of plant growth and total yield of T. populnea. The periodical growth study for T. populnea seedlings showed a wide difference in number of leaves, plant circumference and seedling height raised in soils of University Campus as compared to treatment of soil of different railway side.

Overall, results conclude that seedling growth performances of T. populnea in Cantonment Station soil was highly decreased which might be due to ongoing railway vehicles repairing activities in servicing workshop, release of toxic pollutant and accumulation in soil from locomotives diesel engines and exploitation of fuel oils by railway transport.

Because enzymes are essential for the ripening of fruit and have a physiological role in that process. In this study, the most significant factors that contribute to the roles of invertase and cellulase in the ripening process were determined. The enzyme invertase is well-known for promoting the breakdown of sucrose into reduced sugars to enhance the quality of fruits. Fruit moisture content isn't always the main factor in determining freshness (ripeness), as well as the efficiency of various hydrolysis enzymes present during the last stages of ripening, such as invertase, and it's thought to play an important part in controlling sugar levels to support all aspects of plant growth. Numerous enzymes are known to have an impact on the fruit's softness, Regarding, it is known that the cellulase enzyme is active when the cell wall of cells is soft, It aids in the softening and ripening of fruits, which is one of the essential factors that affect the level of quality of dates and the quantity of their consumption. Researchers came to different conclusions about the primary causes of fruit ripening, according to the variety, stage, and chemical structure, so the true causes of enzymes' role in the ripening stage remained unknown. In this study, invertase and cellulase from several species of date palm fruits and an understanding of the ripeness of the fruit were used to identify the physiological mechanisms behind the variations in the pattern of enzyme alterations, The importance of enzymes, and their function in the ripening of the several date palm species were highlighted, and about this procedure, there is still a lot that is unknown.

In Nigeria, Rauwolfia vomitoria (RV) has been used traditionally for the management of various health malaise including cancer. Several literatures has also reported its medicinal functions to include being anti-inflammatory, analgesic and management of cardiovascular disorders. This study, therefore aimed at investigating the active agents implicated in cancer management through evaluating its phyto-physicochemical properties. Fresh leaves of RV were collected, air-dried and milled to powder form. This powdered form was implored in proximate analisys and elemental screening while the remaining was subjected to crude ethanolic extraction for pharmacognostic studies. Proximate investigated were moisture, ash, fat, and crude fibre. The phytochemicals screened included alkaloids, tannins, phlobatannins, saponins, flavonoids, steroids, terpenoids and cardiac glycosides. Proximate analysis revealed that moisture content had the highest concentration (6.40%), followed by crude fibre (4.25%). Ash content was extremely insignificant (˂0.001%), while fat was not detected (0.00%). Elemental quantification revealed that iron was more prevalent in the plant (540.81mg/kg), followed by manganese (31.04mg/kg), zinc was observed to be 29.69mg/kg, chromium; 24.22mg/kg, copper; 8.16mg/kg, nitrogen; 0.35mg/kg. Lead, nickel and cadmium had the same concentration of <0.001mg/kg ranking the lowest among the heavy metals. Pharmacognostic screening confirmed the absence of tannin and anthraquinone but presence of cardiac glycosides, steroids flavonoids alkaloids, steroids and terpenoids. The presence of terpenoids and flavonoids may serve as strong indication of RV being an anti-cancer plant. However, the synergistic effect of these phytochemicals with manganese, zinc and copper may be responsible for the medicinal potential of RV. This investigation, therefore, validates the folkloric claims attributed to RV as possessing vital medicinal values.

Traditional cropping framework in Surgana Tehsil Primary Crops Grown in Surgana Tehsil crop rotations in tribals of Surgana mixed cropping framework in Surgana obstructions of Traditional cropping framework in Surgana sustainability enhancement by Integration of Heterogeneity in crops through MAPs-based intercropping pattern

Selection of study area, visits were organized to tribal farmers and farming area and field data collection was carried out during the whole cropping season.

  From decades ago, there has been 5-30% drop in mountain farming in hilly and tribal areas of Maharashtra.  Only selected varieties of cereals, pulses, amaranths etc. are important cash crops in the hilly areas of Surgana Tehsil. In conventional cropping pattern, proso millet, finger millet, rice, pea, chick pea, pigeon pea, amaranth etc. were used by farmers of Surgana for mixed cropping system. This conventional cropping patterns are not found much profitable and unable to fulfil the demands of growing population. In such tribal and hilly areas of Surgana, turmeric, hemp, stevia, Tinospora, Asparagus, mint, long pepper, isabgol, lemon grass, ginger, Chlorophytum (safed musli) etc. medicinal and aromatic plants (MAPs) can play extraordinary role in improving the sustainability of the tribal farming. Nevertheless, these crops yet  are not a part of the cropping pattern in Surgana. MAP based intercropping with conventional cropping will obviously enhance the yields of main crops and make extra income to the tribal families. The topography and climatic condition of Surgana is convenient for growth of these crops and incorporation of MAPs with main crops is another choice to boost the agril production in Surgana.

The present study concludes in the direction of development in socioeconomic circumstance of Surgana farmers through advent of MAPs as intercrops in the current cropping System. Crop Diversification in present cropping framework including MAPs may be helpful to satisfy the needs of the tribal farmer’s family in addition to improve the standard of living.

Olive leaf extract, due to its beneficial chemical compounds, has been used as an effective herbal medicine in the treatment of various human and animal diseases. In this study, the effect of olive leaf nutrition in different weeks of breeding period on performance and metabolic abnormalities was investigated using 336 male Arian strain chickens in a completely randomized format with six treatments, four replications and 14 birds in each replication for of broiler blood, such as triglycerides, cholesterol, heavy lipoproteins (HDL), light lipoproteins (LDL), total protein and blood glucose, based on the AOAO 1990 method, were assessed. The results showed that the mean difference of blood metabolites such as triglyceride and HDL between different treatments were not significant (P˃0.05), however, for LDL and blood cholesterol levels this difference was significant (P <0.05). Regarding the anti-diabetic and hypoglycemic function of olive leaf extract in regulating blood glucose and increasing serum insulin, as well as the average total protein, the results showed no significant difference. In conclusion, olive leaf can be used in diets of broilers and further studies on-farm conditions may justify its impact on growth performance.

Many people in the world suffer from gastroduodenal ulcers, therefore, studying the therapeutic strategies of these ulcers are research priorities in any country. The aim of the new study was to survey the preventive property of zinc nanoparticles of Matricaria chamomilla on ethanol-induced gastroduodenal ulcers in rats.

In this study, 30  adult females rats were divided into 5 groups, randomly: negative healthy control receiving distilled water, untreated negative control receiving distilled water, positive control receiving omeprazole 60 mg/kg, one group receiving the aqueous extract of M. chamomilla at 200 mg/kg concentrations, and a group receiving the of zinc nanoparticles of aqueous extract M. chamomilla at 0.5mg/kg concentrations. After 14 days, gastroduodenal ulcers were caused by ethanol. Four hours after oral administration of ethanol, the rats were dissected, stomach, and duodenum samples of them. Malondialdehyde, Superoxide dismutase activity and prevention index were measured and histopathological studies were performed.

The zinc nanoparticles of aqueous extract M. chamomilla could significantly decrease the raised levels of MDA and INU and enhance SOD and IU as compared to the Other groups. Also, the zinc nanoparticles of aqueous extract prevented significantly small, medium and large gastroduodenal ulcers as compared to the Other groups.

It seems that the zinc nanoparticles of aqueous extract M. chamomilla can prevent gastroduodenal ulcers in rats without any side effect.

This study aimed the construction of a surface display vector encoding E7 protein of HPV18 to be expressed in yeast Yarrowia lipolytica in order to combine the advantages of both systems.

DNA from a HPV18-positive individual was applied for amplification of E7 encoding gene via nested-PCR. Both pINA1317-YLCWP110 plasmid and PCR products were double-digested using HindIII and SfiI. After purification, the double digested fragments were ligated together to create the recombinant pINA1317-YLCWP110-E7 plasmid. After transformation into E. coli, the positive transformants were subjected to molecular analysis. The accuracy of cloning was further assessed using Sanger sequencing.

Plasmid DNA from positive transformants was analyzed by molecular methods. The E7 related band was detected in PCR, and restrictive cleavage confirmed the presence of E7 insert in the recombinant plasmid. In addition, Sanger sequencing of recombinant pINA1317-YLCWP110-E7 plasmid confirmed the accuracy of cloning; alignment of the sequencing data in gene bank verified the DNA sequence of E7 encoding gene, insert orientation, and accuracy of reading frame.

The constructed recombinant pINA1317-YLCWP110-E7 plasmid can be used to express the E7 protein in the yeast Yarrowia lipolytica to be applicable as a vaccine, molecular marker or therapeutic aspects.

According to world health organization (WHO), paraquat is categorized as moderately hazardous, but its ingestion is associated with high toxicity and mortality and there is no specific antidote for paraquat poisoning.

Case report:

 A 75-year-old female was admitted to the emergency room with an alleged history of ingestion of 1 glass of paraquat (liquid form). Examination of oral cavity showed tongue and mucosal erosion. Cardiovascular, chest, and CNS examinations were normal. Gastric lavage was performed and she received IV fluids and an antiemetic as a supportive measure. Intravenous steroids and N-Acetylcysteine and proton pump inhibitors were added to the treatment. Input/output charting and vital monitoring was done. Her initial chest X ray, ECG, and abdominal ultrasonography were normal. Initially, her CBC, Electrolytes, liver function tests, and kidney function tests were within the normal ranges. During the hospital stay, blood creatinine increased to 2.2 mg% and kidney function tests deteriorated gradually. The patient developed AKI and was supported with haemodialysis. Patient's condition improved over period of time, she started accepting orally and urine output was adequate. She was then discharged with stable vital signs and was asked to follow-up in the outpatient department. Early diagnosis, aggressive decontamination and supportive care should be established in paraquat poisoning.

Since there is no known antidote for it, further absorption must be prevented in order to manage paraquat poisoning successfully.

The study makes a specialty of analyses between risk factors and dengue fever occurrence in a particular vicinity of Pakistan area. Specifically, it makes a specialty of the Faisalabad, where the governmental businesses offer enormously enough quantity of information.

First, preferred complex of Neglected Tropical Diseases with recognition on dengue fever is added. Its transmission and influencing elements are exact. Then, cutting-edge strategies of dengue occurrence and threat factors dating modelling are reviewed. Furthermore, statistical processing of available statistics is carried out, in particular, in phrases of special evaluation of the relationship between climatic elements and dengue incidence inside Faisalabad.

Based on the obtained results, a mathematical version describing the connection between dengue, cumulative precipitation, and imply temperature on local and weekly basis is created. Model estimation is finished with generalized linear regression by making use of bad binomial distribution.

With the model, the dengue occurrence dependency on selected hazard factors was proven. Concurrently, universal complexity of the disease development and transmission turned into tested through the version.

The role of Ocimum canum Sims., as a medicinal agent used for the treatment and management of diseases cannot be overemphasized. The aim of the study is to screen for Phytochemical constituents and to evaluate the antiepileptic effect of methanol whole plant extract in Wistar albino rats. The whole plant part of Ocimum canum was extracted with 85% percentage of methanol and screened for phytochemicals. Acute toxicity study was carried out using Lorke’s method and the antiepileptic activity was evaluated using pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) and strychnine in rats. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used in analysis the data. The phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of saponins, cardiac glycosides, flavonoids, terpenoids and cardenolides. The intraperitoneal median lethal dose value (LD50) of Ocimum canum in rats was 2154 mg/kg. The extract at the dose of 300 and 600 mg/kg body weight protected 40% and 80% of experimental animals against both PTZ and strychnine-induced convulsion; protected 60% and 80% of rats against death induced by strychnine; compared to 100% protection by the standard drug sodium valproate (20mg/kg). The antiepileptic investigation suggests that methanol extract of whole plant of Ocimum canum has antiepileptic activity and that could be employed for the management of epileptic related conditions.