نشریه هنرهای کاربردی
سال دوم شماره 2 (تابستان 1401)

The structure of functionalism was first proposed by Branislav Malinowski in anthropology. The two components of this theory are needs and institutions. The first component includes the basic needs of every human being and the second component includes higher needs such as art and culture. Aboriginal refers to the natives and early inhabitants of any geography. Indigenous Australians, while preserving the originality of their art,have also influenced contemporary Australian art. The main hypothesis of this research is that the components of the Indigenous Australian Institution,which includes their art, occupation and religion, fit into Malinowski's theory of functionalism and can be analyzed. The main purpose of this study,while applied analysis of Australian Indigenous art, is to find a relationship between the institution and the need in their art and culture with respect to the components of functionalism. This is a qualitative research paper that has researched and processed documentary data with a descriptive- analytical method with the aim of introducing and representing the art of Australian original originals in the framework of functionalism.First, by reading the symbols and written symbols of the Aboriginal people,while introducing the types of their painting styles,he analyzes and describes their paintings and examines the relationships between the partial and total elements in their painting art with functionalist components that follow their alignment. Indigenous Australians express their aspirations and goals through painting,and this has become a factor in the dynamism of this ancient culture in order to perpetuate and transmit their culture. Art is involved in all the organized behaviors of the Aboriginal people,including their rituals. The analysis of other indigenous arts shows that their art and culture together observe the transcendent. The results of this study show that Australian Indigenous art,according to functionalist theory,is a fusion of the components of an institution that includes their art,religion and occupation.

During the different periods of the contemporary history of Tehran, the volumes and urban sculptures of the squares have always had the characteristics that the discovery of what and why their presence in the urban space can help the aesthetic reading of the works. The first step in facilitating these readings and analyzes is the typology of the sculptures of each period based on their form and shape and function. The main goal of the current research is to investigate urban sculptures from the perspective of aesthetics (formology) and function. This research is considered practical in terms of purpose. The statistical population of the current research is the sculptures and urban elements of Tehran during the 80s and 90s (219 sculptures). 20 samples have been selected for analysis.By examining and typifying the works in the 80s and 90s, it can be said that the types of non-figurative sculptures include a variety of works, which can be divided into subgroups of architectural volumes, volumes of Geometric and written volumes. Figurative human sculptures are also classified into real and imaginary subgroups. Imaginary sculptures include works that, despite the human form, do not have an example in reality and are made based on mental imaginations. In the 80s, the largest number of statues belong to imaginary statues (celebrities), but in the 90s, we are faced with the spread of real statues of scientific figures and martyrs of the Islamic Revolution and war. The results indicate that in the 80s and 90s, most of the sculptures were figurative. Also, the main functions of these urban sculptures include raising the level of society's awareness (transmitting cultural and religious concepts and values), creating visual beauty, giving identity to a place, inducing a sense of place, evoking special events, retelling culture and showing religious affiliations. and value, strengthening and intensifying the centrality of the square, giving meaning to the naming of the square or place, creating an urban sign and symbol, and creating a sense of belonging and peace.

Intellectual property rights are traditionally based on the protection of inventions, copyrights, and trademarks. Also, the special rights of intellectual property, such as the rights of designs, are also placed as a continuation of the subject and research. In the fashion and clothing industry, where intellectual property is particularly important, creative ideas and innovations are continuously produced and commercially exploited. Supporters of intellectual property rights believe that despite the many problems that exist in the creation and production of works of art, it is very easy to copy such works. The lack of strong intellectual property rights to protect works of art has discouraged artists from creating and investing time and money in artistic fields. For this reason, in order to protect fashion and clothing designers against counterfeiting, it is necessary and useful to take advantage of intellectual property rights protection. In this sense, the main goal of this article is to identify and search for alternative legal methods to protect the intellectual property rights of artists, and the main question of the current research is what effect does intellectual property rights have on the creativity of clothing designers? This research is applied research and analytical-descriptive nature. Both desk research and field methods have been chosen in the method of collecting information in a documentary way. In the first part, available sources are used in connection with this topic. And in the field part, the opinions of 304 clothing designers were collected using the questionnaire tool, and the obtained information was analyzed with the help of spss software. The results of the current research have shown that there is a positive and significant relationship between the creativity of a clothing designers and intellectual property rights. But to what extent this issue affects the creativity of clothing designers is still debatable.

Vakil Mosque of Shiraz is known as the most significant religious building of Zandieh period in the history of Islamic art and architecture of Iran and is one of the most beautiful and strongest mosque built in Iran after the Safavid period. This mosque, which has been renovated many times during its life history, can be considered as an example of the architectural history of this period in terms of architectural and decorative features. According to the history of construction of Vakil Mosque, it can be seen that the architectural components of this mosque have differences and similarities due to the construction and payment in different periods in the style of decoration, especially in tiling. Therefore, the existence of different styles in the geometric decorations of the mosque is not far from the mind. This is the question; What is the variety of geometric motifs in the architectural decorations of Vakil Mosque in Shiraz? The method of analysis of the results of the data of this research is qualitative (descriptive-analytical). The purpose of this research is to identify and analyze geometric patterns in the architectural decorations of Vakil Mosque in Shiraz. The results of this study show that geometric patterns in mosque spaces, despite the apparent diversity and frequency, have common features and follow coherent and similar patterns in design. Geometric patterns are often cohesive, most geometric patterns are slow knots. On the other hand, the colors used in the geometric designs of the mosque also have a single and common color style and pattern. Light colors can be seen on almost all levels of the mosque, and bright colors such as white, yellow, blue and pink are predominant. It seems that this harmony and coherence in the decorative designs of the mosque has been considered as a model of the decorative design unit and the repairs and repairs of the post-Zandieh period in this mosque have been followed according to the observance of these main decorative patterns. In other words, despite the noticeable variety and differences, the similarity in the type and techniques of execution of motifs is evident and indicates the following and modeling of older mosque motifs and renewal of these motifs in order to maintain the relative cohesion and integrity of the building decorations

In the contemporary era of centralism in the structure of urban management, economic and social changes and developments have caused the loss of social and physical cohesion of neighborhoods, so that with the emergence of urban development plans, neighborhoods are simply a unit of urban divisions based on population and enjoyment. Basic neighborhood services have become. In this study, assuming the difference in the type of association according to different economic / social / physical characteristics in different neighborhoods, respectively, in three neighborhoods, newly built, historical and dilapidated, including Shalman (newly built, density of 6 floors); Head (historical, density of 2 floors); Nisser (informal settlement, with a density of 2 floors) were selected for the case study.The method used in this research is a combination of content analysis methods, surveys and conversations, based on which attendance at the neighborhood level, using a 24-question questionnaire and interviewing people is done. Spss 16 software is used in the analysis of the questionnaire. The results of this study show that in neighborhood relations, all three subsets of good fellowship, ie, "participation, dignity and virtue", exist in different proportions, only the level of establishing relationships, how they are, how the relationship is extensive, and so on. Which can be defined under the influence of neighborhood characteristics and confirms that antisocial factors affect how to socialize. In the contemporary era of centralism in the structure of urban management, economic and social changes and developments have caused the loss of social and physical cohesion of neighborhoods, so that with the emergence of urban development plans, neighborhoods are simply a unit of urban divisions based on population and enjoyment. Basic neighborhood services have become. In this study, assuming the difference in the type of association according to different economic / social / physical characteristics in different neighborhoods, respectively, in three neighborhoods, newly built, historical and dilapidated, including Shalman (newly built, density of 6 floors); Head (historical, density of 2 floors); Nisser (informal settlement, with a density of 2 floors) were selected for the case study.The method used in this research is a combination of content analysis methods, surveys and conversations, based on which attendance at the neighborhood level, using a 24-question questionnaire and interviewing people is done. Spss 16 software is used in the analysis of the questionnaire. The results of this study show that in neighborhood relations, all three subsets of good fellowship, ie, "participation, dignity and virtue", exist in different proportions, only the level of establishing relationships, how they are, how the relationship is extensive, and so on. Which can be defined under the influence of neighborhood characteristics and confirms that antisocial factors affect how to socialize.