Advanced Journal of Chemistry, Section B: Natural Products and Medical Chemistry
Volume:5 Issue: 2, Spring 2023

Necessary diet components are vitamins as if should be existed in the food. The B vitamins and vitamin C (water-soluble vitamins) are substances required for chemical processes and substances that occur within living organisms. In this research, a simple, rapid, and reliable method was developed to isolate and quantify a primary preservative compound (sodium benzoate), some water-soluble vitamins such as ascorbic acid (C) and five vitamin B compounds. An ODS column was used with a UV detector at different wavelengths at 35 °C. The mobile phase was pH 3.0 phosphate buffer-methanol at a flow rate of 1.0 mL min−1 in a gradient elution approach. The mentioned analytes above were separated in 40 min. The linearity, limit of detection (LOD), and limit of quantification (LOQ), accuracy, and instrument precision terms were used in the method validation. The correlation factor near 1 suggests that the developed method has a good linearity range. The results show that recovery percentage was < 99.480% for all compounds. The limit for mean percentage of recovery is 98-102%, and as all the values are within the limit, it can be concluded that the proposed method is accurate. The results showed no HPLC peaks that could disturb the determination of vitamins/preservatives. The data obtained in real sample analysis were consistent with the declared values. The data obtained from subjected multivitamin syrup sample into stress testing (forced degradation) confirmed that there was no interference effects in the quantification of the analytes.

Since neuropathy caused by chemotherapy is associated with a very high prevalence in the elderly and this issue can have adverse effects on the QoL of these people, and considering that there are different results regarding the extent of the effects of neuropathy caused by chemotherapy There is an effect on the QoL of the elderly. In this multifaceted systematic review, we decided to obtain the relationship between the QoL in the elderly with neuropathy caused by chemotherapy in cancer patients and reach a final conclusion.

The current study was a multifaceted systematic review; This study was conducted during the last quarter of 2022 in Tabriz University of Medical Sciences; All electronic databases that published articles related to cancer, QoL, neuropathy, chemotherapy and the elderly were searched for the purposes of this research.

The QoL of the elderly had a statistically significant relationship with gender and co-morbidities, so that the QoL score in men and also the elderly without co-morbidities was significantly higher than other elderly; Also, the average QoL in the elderly with a disease duration of less than one year was significantly higher than that of the elderly with a disease duration of more than 5 years.

This study showed that the QoL in a high percentage of elderly people with chemotherapy-induced neuropathy was favorable, which can be related to many factors. Considering that the highest percentage of the research units were young elderly people (age between 60 and 74 years old) and married people who have higher functional capacities and physical abilities than old or very old elderly people and probably benefit from more family and social support. They are far from the adverse psychological consequences that are reported in research for single and single elderly people.

Introduction:

 Due to the fact that orthopedic surgeries have increased a lot in recent years and some of these patients undergo surgery under G/anesthesia, the shivering possibility after surgery has increased in them. Therefore, it is necessary to take preventive measures; this study was conducted as a systematic review to investigate the safety and effectiveness of two drugs, ondanestreon and meperidine, in preventing shivering after anesthesia in patients who are candidates for orthopedic surgeries.

This research is a systematic review based on the PRIZMA guidelines in 2022 by searching the keywords ondansetron, meperidine, prevention, chills, orthopedics, and general anesthesia in all databases that publish medical articles without restrictions.

The average number of minutes of zero shivering score in all patients who were fully treated before the 10th minute in the two groups was in the 7th minute and earlier in the meperidine group than in the ondansetron group and was significantly different. 29% in the ondansetron group and 31% in the meperidine group did not reach zero score at the 10th minute, and there was a need to re-inject the drug to control shivering.

Although ondansetron is effective in the shivering treatment after general anesthesia, its strength and speed are weaker compared to meperidine. Therefore, the results of this study could not prove that ondansetron has different efficacy and safety compared to ondansetron or vice versa.

 Several studies have investigated the association between Multiple Sclerosis (MS) and pregnancy. However, the reported results are contradictory, which has caused confusion of obstetricians and gynecologists as well as neurologists concerning pregnancy planning of women with MS. Hence, the present study aimed to investigate.

We systematically searched PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases and national databases (SID and MAGIRAN) to identify relevant studies published from 2000 to 2020, either in English or Persian, using the following keywords: autoimmune, hormonal disorders, pregnancy, menstrual cycle, multiple sclerosis, pre-pregnancy, post-pregnancy, and lactation. The keywords were combined using Boolean functions of AND and OR.

In total, 46 studies were identified. The results of these studies were reviewed in terms of defining disease, hormonal changes, menstrual cycle disorders, pregnancy of MS patients, evaluation of pregnancy of MS patients, hormonal changes during pregnancy, changes in immune system responses and cells, serum exosome, disease screening during pregnancy, disease management and treatment (if needed), recommendations for pregnant women, labor care, points for breastfeeding, and disease activity after delivery.

Pre-pregnancy consulting for MS patients should be performed carefully to reduce recurrence rates during pregnancy. The symptoms of MS decrease during pregnancy, and there is no concern about medication. It should be noted that in nine months after delivery, the patient will return to normal condition, and special attention should be paid to drug therapy.

Some other researchers also came to the conclusion during 2018 that in spinal anesthesia, the occurrence of sore throat, muscle pain, and rapid return of pain after surgery is less compared to general anesthesia. Considering the inconsistencies in the studies, we decided to systematically review maternal and neonatal outcomes following two methods of general anesthesia and spinal anesthesia.

In this review article, all databases including Google Scholar, Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, SID, MagIran, and the Cochrane Library were searched and reviewed by both authors of this article based on PRIZMA guidelines without time and language limitations. The keywords that were selected based on MeSh and based on which the search was conducted included general anesthesia, spinal anesthesia, neonatal, maternal, outcomes, cesarean, and delivery.

Related to the examination of pain intensity after the operation in the two stages of recovery and before receiving painkillers, 44% of the participants had moderate pain and in the part after receiving painkillers, two percent of the participants had mild pain. Only three percent of the samples had a headache after spinal anesthesia, and in the general anesthesia group, all the samples had no headache.

According to the results of the present study, it seems that the use of spinal anesthesia for cesarean section compared to the general anesthesia with less pain, less painkiller consumption, higher Apgar score, higher average hematocrit and hemoglobin, no sore throat, and more satisfaction with, but the complications of nausea, vomiting, and headache after surgery are more common in the group with spinal anesthesia.

The secondary metabolite isolated from plant has been the main source of novel drugs which bears valuable therapeutic activities such as anthelmintic, antimicrobial, and antioxidant activities. Indigofera diphylla a semi–woody herb of dry sandy area belongs to the family fabaceae. The plant is being used as antidotes. The study was aimed at determining the chemical constituent of the extract in ethyl acetate of the root of Indigofera diphylla utilizing GC-MS. The plant was harvested and dried by air after that the root was separated and processed into powder. To obtain ethyl acetate extract, extraction by maceration was used. The Agilent GC-MS machine was utilized to analyze the chemical composition. There were found to be forty-five (45) different compounds from the ethyl acetate extract of root of Indigofera diphylla, among which 2-isopropoxyethyl propionate showed the highest peak area of 17.12% and 1-nitro-2-acetamido-1,2-dideoxy-d-mannitol showed the lowest peak area of 0.028%. The major identified compounds were methenamine, 5-fluoro-6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, 2-(4-nitrobenzylideneamino)thiazole, hexadecanoic acid, 1,1-dimethylester, and n-hexadecanoic acid. The phytochemical result revealed that glycoside, saponins, and tannins were present.  The phytochemical identified from the ethyl acetate extract of Indigofera diphylla may contribute to the plant's medical effectiveness and is a potential source of therapeutic medications.

Heat exchangers are used in various industries such as power plants, air conditioning and oil and gas industries. The main role in converters is the responsibility of the fluid flowing in them. Optimizing the heat transfer properties of these fluids can be an important step towards optimizing the performance of the heat exchanger and ultimately increasing productivity in industries. The use of advanced and optimized cooling systems is inevitable. Nowadays, the issue of reducing or optimizing energy consumption is very important due to the depletion of fossil fuel resources. For this purpose, the designers of heat exchangers believe that it is possible to significantly reduce the energy consumption of this equipment by making small changes. The optimization of the existing heat transfer systems is usually done by increasing their surface, which always increases the volume and size of these devices. Therefore, to overcome this problem, new and effective coolants are needed, and nanofluids have been proposed as a new solution in this field. Due to the significant increase in thermal properties, nanofluids have attracted the attention of many scientists in recent years. In this article, the properties of nanofluids have been investigated as one of the most suitable and strongest choices in the field of cooling fluids, which the investigations showed, the exceptional properties of nanofluids include more thermal conductivity than normal suspensions, non-linear relationship between conductivity and concentration of solid materials and There is a strong dependence of conductivity on temperature and a strong increase in heat flux in the boiling zone.

The total phenolic, total antioxidant, ash, moisture, and metal contents of basil leaves collected within Msallata, Libya, were evaluated. To investigate the bioactive compounds, the basils were extracted using four solvents: water, ethanol, chloroform, and ethyl acetate. Phytochemical screening experiments revealed the presence of a variety of bioactive compounds in ethanolic and aqueous extracts, including coumarins, flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, phenols, carbohydrates, and proteins. Folin-Ciocalteu method was used to determine the total phenolic content of basil ethanolic extract. Furthermore, antioxidant activities were measured using phosphomolybdenum method. The total antioxidant capacity of basil was determined to be (49.8 14.7 mg ascorbic acid equivalent/g dry weight), while the total phenols were 39.75 (mg gallic acid equivalent/g dry weight). Likewise after dry digestion, the macro- and micro-metals; i.e. potassium, sodium, calcium, magnesium, and phosphorus, iron, copper, and zinc, in basil leaves were determined using Flame Photometry and Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry. The mineral composition revealed that potassium (58288.33 370.32 mg/kg) had the highest concentration, while zinc had the lowest (18.39 0.37 mg/kg). The results showed that basil aqueous extract had the highest yield (14.80%) and ethyl acetate extract had the lowest (2.41%). However, the moisture and ash contents were determined to be 16.00% and 15.31%, respectively. Finally, the basil extracts demonstrated the potential for use as health-promoting food ingredients.