نشریه پژوهش های کارآفرینی
سال دوم شماره 2 (پیاپی 4، تابستان 1402)

Entrepreneurial orientation is a strategic approach to being a pioneer in hunting opportunities by using innovation and risk-taking. Today, thanks to technological advancement, advertising and marketing in social networks have turned into essential tools to affect customers’ attitudes and emotions, which can greatly affect the viability and performance enhancement of companies. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of entrepreneurial orientation on performance with the mediating role of social networks analytics practices and strategic approach to content marketing in social networks. This research was quantitative in terms of methodology, applied in terms of the purpose, and descriptive-correlational in terms of data collection and analysis. The statistical population consisted of member companies of Isfahan and Tehran Chambers of Commerce sampled by the convenience technique. Data were collected with a questionnaire whose validity was confirmed by calculating the convergent and divergent validity and whose reliability by calculating Cronbach's alpha. The data were analyzed by the structural equation modeling method (partial least squares) and SmartPLS 3.0 software. Based on the results, social networks analytics practices have a positive and significant effect on the performance and strategic approach to content marketing. The strategic approach to content marketing has a positive and significant effect on performance, too. In addition, entrepreneurial orientation has a positive and significant effect directly on social networks analytics practices and strategic approach to content marketing and indirectly on performance. Our findings can encourage organizations to strengthen their entrepreneurial orientation to improve performance. In addition, managers should pay more attention to social networks analytics practices and have a strategic approach to content marketing to improve the performance of their organizations.

One of the most important topics in online business studies is customer retention. The aim of this study was to develop and validate a customer retention model for online businesses. The research was an applied study in terms of purpose and a mixed-methods study in terms of approach. The statistical population in the qualitative phase included theoretical experts (marketing management professors) and experimental experts (clothing industry managers) out of whom 15 people were selected purposefully for interview. In the quantitative phase, the statistical population was composed of customers of online clothing businesses, 400 of whom were selected by the convenience sampling technique. The data collection tool was a questionnaire whose validity was confirmed by content validity and whose reliability was estimated by Cronbach's alpha. Data were analyzed by the meta-synthesis method using the Maxqda software package in the qualitative phase and by the ISM method and partial least squares using the MicMac and SmartPLS software package in the quantitative phase. Based on the findings of the research, the interactivity, aesthetics, and performance of the online system have an impact on the advertisement, promotion, and security of online businesses, thereby affecting the customer experience and leading to customer loyalty, electronic trust, and customer satisfaction. So, customer retention can be secured by customer loyalty, satisfaction, and trust.

Today’s organizations are increasingly relying on the intrapreneurship of their employees to respond to increasing changes in the world and to maintain competitiveness and effectiveness. The present study mainly aimed to investigate the factors affecting intrapreneurship of employees. The statistical population was the employees of food production companies in Hamedan sampled by the census technique. A questionnaire was used for collecting data. The content and face validity of the questionnaire were confirmed by a panel of experts, and its reliability was confirmed by using Cronbach’s alpha coefficient. Data were then analyzed by partial least squares structural equation modeling using SmartPLS 3.0. The results indicated that among the variables studied (risk-taking, innovativeness, proactivity, intrapreneurial intention, and behavioral inhibition and activation system), proactivity and intrapreneurial intention had the largest share in explaining the variable of employees’ intrapreneurship. According to the results, intrapreneurial intention mediated the relationship of innovativeness and proactivity with employees’ intrapreneurship. However, behavioral activation system and risk-taking had no significant relationship with intrapreneurship. The paper provides useful avenues for managers seeking to identify factors to develop and improve employee intrapreneurship.

Identifying the economic potential of informal urban areas is an issue that has attracted the attention of policymakers and practitioners in less developed countries. Yet, little is known about how informal settlements affect the type and number of business opportunities. Therefore, the present study aimed to measure and evaluate the factors affecting the development of home-based businesses (HBBs) in the informal settlements of Khalil Abad neighborhood in Tabriz city. The main tools for data collection were interviews and a questionnaire. The findings were analyzed by the confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) approach. The population and statistical sample included managers and experts of organizations and companies active in the field of employment and entrepreneurship, local entrepreneurs and HBB owners in informal settlements, and expert and prominent university professors in East Azerbaijan province in the qualitative phase and entrepreneurs and HBB owners in informal settlements in the quantitative phase who were selected using simple randomization. The dimensions of the proposed model were, in order of importance, financial-economic factors (0.78), infrastructural factors (0.76), marketing factors (0.69), socio-cultural factors (0.64), personality-individual factors (0.58). ), technical-technological factors (0.52), legal factors (0.51), and environmental factors (0.50). Also, the findings showed the positive and significant relationship of these constructs with HBB development. The output of this research provided a model for the development of HBBs in informal settlements.

The present research aimed at explaining the entrepreneurial ecosystem model in agricultural faculties from the viewpoint of agriculture students. The research was an applied study in goal and an exploratory sequential mixed-methods study in approach. Fifteen startup experts were analyzed using purposive sampling in the qualitative phase. In the quantitative phase, the population was composed of 3781 agriculture students out of whom 416 students were selected using a random sampling method with proportional allocation based on the Cochran formula. The validity of the research instrument (closed-ended questions) was measured by discriminant validity using the average variance extracted (AVE) index which was acceptably higher than 0.5 for the studied constructs. The reliability was assessed using the combined reliability (CR) method, which was acceptably higher than 0.6 for the studied constructs. Cronbach's alpha was also estimated at higher than 0.7 for the research constructs. Data were analyzed by frequency and mean in the descriptive part and confirmatory factor analysis in the inferential part. According to the findings in the qualitative phase, human capital, policymaking, socio-cultural, support, market development, and financial-economic components had the most number of codes, respectively. The quantitative findings showed that the most important components based on factor loadings in the entrepreneurial ecosystem model of agricultural faculties included human capital (0.96), support (0.95), socio-cultural component (0.94), policymaking (0.92), market development (0.88), and financial-economic component (0.83). Notably, human capital was perceived by the agriculture students to be the most important component for the growth of the entrepreneurial ecosystem in agriculture faculties. Therefore, agricultural faculties are recommended to provide the students with an opportunity for experiential teaching and learning in the fields of entrepreneurship and launching new startups.

Women’s home-based businesses play a significant role in increasing the rate of economic participation and employment, as well as economic and social growth and development. But, it seems that despite the growing importance of these jobs, this issue has not been seriously investigated by researchers. One of the important pillars in successful policymaking is educational and research institutions, which can be very effective in developing theoretical foundations and then formulating operational solutions by scientifically examining the problems. In this regard, the current research explores the academic context of women's home-based businesses in Iran by systematically reviewing 41 articles published over 2012-2022. The results show that in addition to the decrease in the publication of scientific documents in this field in recent years, the focus of most research has been on rural regions and societies. Furthermore, the use of quantitative research methods and questionnaire instruments has been the dominant approach in the articles whereas the qualitative method, which is a more suitable tool for theory development, has rarely been adopted by the articles. Based on the repetition of keywords in the articles calculated by the MaxQda software, the published articles are divided into six categories: factors and barriers affecting the development of home-based businesses, the economic and social effects of home-based businesses, the effect of home-based businesses on empowering women, the role and effects of technical, vocational, and entrepreneurship training, the growth model of small and home-based businesses, and government solutions and support. According to the results, the scientific centers are recommended to plan for increasing the number of articles and directing research toward fundamental, developmental, qualitative, and up-to-date subject matters.