نشریه پژوهش های سیاسی و بین المللی
پیاپی 27 (شهریور 1395)

Understanding structure of the political power is one of the major issues whom a political sociologist need; So that without an exact understanding of the political power structure and method of applying it in every historical period, a correct and complete analysis of the substance and political, social and economic events cannot be achieved. Pahlavi II and its aftermaths are major events that correct understanding of them depend on scientific understanding of the characteristics, the nature of the political structure, status of political elites as well as powerful groups. This method of research is analytical and based on historical-sociological attitude. The results showed that Shah made the structure of power  dependent on himself and inner circle of court strongly; So that in the years between 1342-57 unofficial relations of inner circle of the king was established instead of formal institutions.

Egypt as one of the most important Arab countries in the Middle East and world play a significant role in regional and international interactions. Internal developments in Egypt and the overthrow of the Mubarak regime, Marks the beginning of new stage in the political life which make a lot of transformation for the domestic and international political structure. This paper seeks to study this issue that, what is the main regional and global obstacle in front of Egypt’s drive to democratization. The aim of this research is to determine the obstacles and problems on the way to democratization in international environment. The main question is that, which factors in International level did prevent the democratization in Egypt? The main hypothesis in this paper is that, the democratization of Egept has been prevented because of geopolitical role of Egypt in the Middle East, its high position in Arab world as well as close alliance with USA and Zionist regime.

The Justice has been one of the most important pillars of western political philosophy from the beginning, therefore it could be said that justice is one of the understandable concepts for the western political philosophy. Nevertheless, this concept in its historical course, especially in the twentieth century faced with its conceptual developments, because, like other social science concepts it was affected  by  two variable including; Time and space. In fact it could be said that intellectual pattern of justice  developed in the last century, because, twentieth century has been faced with deep and wonderful developments in the  Epistemoligy, cultural, economy and political arena as well as crisis in Liberalism, capitalism, Technologies. All these developments caused the formation of new concepts and theories in Justice like Rawls Conventionalism, Nozick libertarianism, Dworkin equality, post modernism of illusion, Hayek Catallaxy …… In all these theories  emphasize on concepts and principles like the balance between freedom and justice, Value orientism, state-centeric justice, the decline of systematical approach to justice and especial orientation to the justice public sphere or social democracy.

Syrian protests in March 2011 after Arab revolutions although has been accompanied with public demands but it shortly turned the Syrian political situations in to insurgency and instability under the external intervention.  Initiating the political crisis of Syria, the regional and post regional states began to intervene in this crisis according to their capabilities and restrictions along dominant realistic approach in foreign policy to maximize their national interest through participation in Syrian crisis. Using the analytical-descriptive research methodology, this paper is written through library and electronic tool of ghatering data.

The influence of EU and the Islamic Republic of Iran in regional and global barters can create and provide an appropriate context in order to expansion of mutual coorporations and convergence in global scale, however, throughout last three decades, mutual relations between both side not only has not been initialed, on the other hand, it has been accompanied with vicissitudes and also in the special periods of time it has gone to aweak relationships. In global Stage, Importance of creating relations with EU as an only interstate organization is as same as with crating relations by states that are within it. Because of this reason, EU has created some political representation office in any country. After cold war area, this union as the one of the newborn actors in global Stage, could able to find out special opportunity due to reinforce itself in international relations context. In the direction of it, negotiations between EU and Iran's Representatives have been continuing from summer of 2003 to current age in order to reach an appropriate solution for Iran's nuclear program crisis. From begining of Iran's nuclear crises, EU introduced itself as an important side of finding solution for this international crises and also, this issue was accepted by Iran's in that case. In this survey, with using of constructively ways and also noticing to Iran's nuclear deal with 5+1 powers and accepting of joint comprehensive plan of action (JCPA), we will analyse EU and Iran Relations in the period of post-JCPA.

Nowadays economics development is known as a research branch, that on the one hand it is concerned with the interpretation of resource allocation process and economic development in less developed countries, and on the other hand, it encompassed scientific advice for the economic development process (including the selection of development strategy and associated policies as well). This paper aimed to study main viewpoints of economic development and the mainstream frameworks on the theory making process in the field, after establishment of core of the theory, developing applications and examining the comments were more heightened. In this paper, for a theoretical understanding of formation of the theories, firstly, the historical backgrounds of the theories is reviewed. And then the study will discuss the paradigms which their beliefs, values, perceptions and methodologies are clearly defined and they are able to acquire the support of a large number of economic schools members.

Societies are always active and laws just emphases on the general principles and rules, jurisprudence can present the interpretations based on the facts and social requirements of the law. In Iran’s law, jurisprudence is the similar court judgment supplementary and expository sources of law which seems to be difficult to accept that creating legal rule; In Egyptian law, a judge has been known as the secondary legislator as well which joins with the first legislator; Egyptian legislator recognizes the importance of juridical and legal IJTIHAD. The main subject of this article is a comparative study of the role of judges in creation of jurisprudence in the Iranian law and one other legal written system which is presented in two parts. In the first part, the role of the judge in legal insufficiency and in the second part examines the role of the judge in the development of legal rules.