نشریه پژوهش های کاربردی در علوم رفتاری
پیاپی 54 (زمستان 1401)

The aim of the research was to compare the effectiveness of the educational program based on the response to the intervention and the sensory-motor integration intervention on the cognitive language and academic performance of students with learning disabilities. The research method was semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group and a follow-up period. The statistical population was students who referred to the Learning Disorders Center affiliated to Semnan Education Department in the academic year 2021-2022 due to learning disabilities . 45 students were selected by purposeful sampling and randomly replaced in three groups of 15 people (two experimental groups and one control group). The experimental groups were subjected to intervention for 8 sessions of 60 minutes. The control group did not receive any intervention. The follow-up period was done after 3 months. Newcomer and Hamill's (1997) language development questionnaire was used to measure the average of monthly reports to measure academic performance. The data was analyzed using the mixed two-factor ANOVA method by SPSS-26 software. The findings showed that there is a significant difference in the linguistic score and academic performance between the experimental and control groups (P<0.05). Based on the results, both interventions were effective and had a stable effect, but training based on the response to the intervention was more effective on the research variables. Therefore, it can be concluded that the educational intervention based on the response to the intervention and the sensory-motor integration intervention can be used as a beneficial intervention to help students with learning disabilities as they can improve linguistic and academic performance in elementary schools and centers for learning problems.

This research was conducted with the aim of investigating the effectiveness of emotion regulation training on readiness for boredom, belief in a just world, and brain-behavioral systems in adolescents with a tendency towards risky behaviors. The current research was semi-experimental and pre-test-post-test with control group. The statistical population of the research was all male adolescents living in the Sari Correctional Center in 2022, of which 30 people were selected by purposeful sampling and randomly replaced in two experimental and control groups (15 people in each group). The experimental group underwent 8 training sessions on emotion regulation skills, and the control group did not receive any intervention until the end of the study. The research tools were the questionnaires of tendency towards risky behaviors by Zadeh Mohammadi et al. (2011), preparedness for boredom by Fallman et al. (2013), belief in a just world by Sutton and Douglas (2005) and brain-behavior systems by Carver and White (1994). Research data were analyzed by multivariate analysis of covariance and using SPSS software version 24. The results showed that emotion regulation skill training has an effect on readiness for boredom, belief in a just world, and brain-behavior systems in adolescents with a tendency towards risky behaviors (P<0.05). The results of the research indicated that the skill of emotion regulation through the techniques of changing cognitive evaluations, teaching the expression and discharge of emotions and re-evaluation leads to a decrease in boredom, an increase in the belief in a just world and behavioral inhibition systems in adolescents with a tendency towards risky behaviors.

The aim of this study was to investigate the mediating role of self-compassion in the relationship between childhood trauma and sexual intimacy in married women. The present study was a descriptive-correlational modeling of structural equations. The statistical population of the study included married women in Tehran and Sari city, from which 196 people were selected by convenience sampling. Data collection tools included a short form of Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, self-compassion scale and sexual intimacy questionnaire. Pearson's correlation coefficient and structural equation model were used for data analysis using AMOS and SPSS version 22 software. The results showed that sexual intimacy had a negative relationship with childhood injuries (-0.44) and had a significant positive relationship with self-compassion (0.25) at the level of 0.01. Self-compassion also played a mediating role in the relationship between childhood trauma and sexual intimacy in married women (P<0.001). Accordingly, compassion had a mediating role in the relationship between childhood injuries and sexual intimacy in married women. Thus, in married women, childhood trauma can reduce sexual intimacy through its effect on compassion.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy on emotion management, experiential avoidance and cognitive flexibility in women affected by marital infidelity who visited the counseling centers in Khorramabad. The statistical population included all women affected by marital infidelity who visited to counseling centers in Khorram Abad city in 2022. The research sample consisted of 30 women affected by marital infidelity. They were selected by convenience sampling method and randomly replaced in two groups of 15 people, experimental and control. The research design was a semi-experimental pre-test-post-test-Follow-up type with control and experimental groups. To collect data, Garnevsky et al.'s (2001) cognitive emotion regulation questionnaires, Gams et al.'s (2011) experiential avoidance, Dennis and Vander Wall's (2010) cognitive flexibility questionnaires were used to analyze the data. One-way Repeated Measures Analysis of Variance were use (p<0.005), Acceptance and commitment therapy was performed in the form of 8 sessions of 90 minutes and once a week on the experimental group, and during this period, no intervention was performed on the control group The results showed that acceptance and commitment therapy is effective in increasing emotion management and cognitive flexibility and reducing experiential avoidance.The findings showed that the Acceptance and Commitment Therapy had an effect on the average scores of emotion management, experiential avoidance and cognitive flexibility (p<0.05). It can be concluded that the Acceptance and Commitment Therapy is effective on emotion management and flexibility Cognitive adaptability and experiential avoidance of women affected by marital infidelity are effective.

Psychosomatic illnesses are physical illnesses in which psychological factors are influentialin their onset or exacerbation. This study aimed atcomparing anxiety and quality of life inpsychosomatic clients undergoing cognitive-behavioral and drug treatment with clientsundergoing drug treatment. The method was causal-comparative. The statistical populationincluded 70 patients who referred to Specialized Counseling and Mental Health Clinic ofLahijan from different cities of Guilan province with a diagnosis of psychosomatic illnessfrom 2013 to 2022. 38 people were selected as a statistical sample among them, in apurposeful manner and were randomly divided into two groups and 19 people in eachgroup. The first group received both drug treatment and 8 sessions of cognitive-behavioraltherapy intervention, based on the content of Beck Treatment Protocol, one and a half hoursper session per week. But the second group used only medication. Both groups were testedby the Anxiety Questionnaire and the World Health Organization Quality of LifeQuestionnaire. Statistical analysis method was multivariate analysis of variance usingS.SPSsoftware. The results showed that the average anxiety in the cognitive-behavioraland drug group (first group) and in the drug therapy group (second group) were differentand this difference was significant. Also, the average quality of life in the first group and inthe second group were different and this difference was significant. Therefore, alongwithdrug therapy, counseling expertise can be effectively used to reduce anxiety and increasethe quality of life of psychosomatic patients and treat mental disorders, in psychiatriccenters.

This research studied J. K. Rowling’s Harry Potter and the Order of Phoenix, Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince and Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows based on Erich Fromm’s ideas of positive freedom or acceptance of freedom. Based on Fromm’s ideas in Escape from Freedom, Harry and his friends are spontaneous and free individuals who move to positive freedom stage. In his Art of loving Fromm explores the ways which lead to this stage. He believed that love and productive work are the ways leading to self-independence and integration. On the other hand, self-destruction is the negative freedom which destroys self-integration. Love according to Fromm is giving, not receiving and the mature love is the one which is accompanied with care, responsibility, respect and knowledge and ultimately leads to integration. This research studied Harry Potter novels which are about a boy who didn’t misuse others and friends while he was undoubtedly popular in magical world and he not only protected them but also scarified his own life when he understood the truth that the defeat of Voldemort was dependent on his own death. He chose love and sacrifice in contrast to Tom Riddle who had changed his identity to Voldemort because he hated common things and names. He did not have any real friends, posed power in the worst destructive ways, tortured others and murdered them because he considered them as threats to his own goal of reaching immortality.