مجله دانش تفسیر سیاسی
پیاپی 16 (تابستان 1402)

The foreign policy approach based on multilateralism seeks to deal with unilateralism in the international system. This country is trying to be able to establish peaceful relations with the countries of the world in the atmosphere of multilateralism in order to achieve its goals, which are mainly centered around the economy. Although in the structure of the western liberal system, it is developing its economy and has been able to emerge as a great power in the world arena by creating a degree of coordination and cooperation with the existing international system, but the economic rise of this country, along with the emphasis on multilateralism, has made the West Regarding the future threats aimed at the transformation of the international system and structures, it has caused concern. Anyway, the question that arises is how China has implemented multilateralism in its foreign policy? For this purpose, the research has paid special attention to two cases of infrastructure development and international institutions, and the findings show that the development of infrastructure, such as the revival of the Silk Road and the establishment of banks, along with the establishment of new international institutions such as Shanghai and BRICS, are in line with the policy of multilateralism. It has been China.

After the collapse of the bipolar system and the changes in the international system in the age of globalization, many concepts of international relations underwent changes and interpretations. In the meantime, one of the basic concepts of international relations that underwent a change in meaning is the concept of security, in such a way that security changed from a one-dimensional state of mere military to a comprehensive multi-dimensional state. The evolution of the concept of security has changed and transformed the political-economic strategy of many great powers, including China, in the Persian Gulf region. In this article, based on the title of the article, an attempt has been made to answer the question that the evolution of the concept of security has left an impact on China's politicaleconomic strategy in the Persian Gulf region. In response to this question, this hypothesis has been studied and paid attention to, that the evolution of the concept of security on China's politicaleconomic strategy in the form of a transition from one dimensional military security to comprehensive security has caused China to pay attention to multiple components of security such as political security. , economic, military and cultural in the Persian Gulf region. In order to understand and infer the transformation of China's political-economic strategy in the region, four important categories and issues of the role and importance of energy in China's relations with the countries of the Persian Gulf region, China's commercial exchanges with the countries of the Persian Gulf region, the examination of China's political strategy in the Persian Gulf region and The importance of the Persian Gulf region has been studied and investigated based on the road belt plan. The research method in this article is descriptive-analytical.

One of the foreign policy actions of countries is mediation. In the system of international relations, a country that has the power of mediation shows that it has a strong political weight. One of the characteristics of China's foreign policy is that this country not only has a significant economic weight in the international system, but it has also tried to increase its political weight in various ways. One of these ways is mediation between Iran and Saudi Arabia. This study attempts to examine China's foreign policy objectives in mediating between Iran and Saudi Arabia. The findings show that given the position and power of Iran and Saudi Arabia in the West Asian region, China has tried to mediate the stability and security of the region and ensure its energy security, in addition to demonstrating its political weight and influence in the region. It has gained power in front of the US and also the development of political and economic relations in the Persian Gulf region.

The popular uprisings that started in Tunisia at the end of 2010 and soon spread to several Arab countries caused a huge change in the structure of these countries. Tunisia and Egypt, which were at the center of these protests, said goodbye to the lifetime governments of Zain al-Abidin bin Ali and Hosni Mubarak, and a new path for society and governance was created in these two countries. This research aims to investigate the role of civil society in the post-revolution era in Tunisia and Egypt and tries to answer the question of how to compare the functioning of civil society in these two countries. In this research, descriptive-analytical method and Habermas' theory of civil society were used. The findings of the research show that historically, civil society in both Tunisia and Egypt has had a relative dynamic, however, the roots of civil society in Tunisia are deeper than in Egypt. In the post-revolution era, Tunisian civil society played the role of mediator and resolution of differences between political groups, and in the crises created for Tunisia, this civil society had the necessary cohesion and strength to solve problems. But the civil society in post-revolutionary Egypt became a side of the conflict and by consolidating the rebellion movement, it created a favorable opportunity for a military coup. In addition, unlike Tunisia, civil society was fragmented and incoherent both before and after the 2013 coup.

In recent years, the development of new communication technologies has caused various changes in human life and its effects are increasing day by day. At present, virtual social networks as the backbone of new information and communication technologies play an essential role in the formation of this new process and the emergence of new economic, cultural, political-security and social spaces. The issue of the role of these networks on the political-security stability and social communication pattern of societies has become a serious concern of most countries. WhatsApp and Instagram are the favorite of most users of social networks due to the ease of use, the possibility of live communication, and the possibility of convenient use by all users. Identifying the political-security role of social networks based on the Internet and mobile phones (WhatsApp, Instagram) and their impact on the national security of the Islamic Republic of Iran in 2018" was the main goal of this research, which in the form of the main question of the political-security role of virtual social networks (WhatsApp) , Instagram) and what is its effect on the national security of the Islamic Republic of Iran?" has been proposed. Mor Nazar's hypothesis is also that "social networks are political-security threats to the Islamic Republic of Iran due to the various negative functions they have against the national security of Iran. and led to the emergence of security challenges in Iran in 2018. The present research method is the qualitative content analysis method and its statistical population is made up of experts and experts in the field of security and virtual space. The sample size in the mentioned group is based on the saturation of categories and information. 170 people were identified.

The relations between the Islamic Republic of Iran and the People's Republic of China have always been far from tension throughout the ancient history to the modern era, and today, China's diverse global political, economic and cultural capabilities, parallel to Iran's regional capabilities, require the two countries to define and follow their relations on a strategic level. Throughout history, the cultural and civilisational relations of the two countries have naturally developed in parallel with the artistic and economic fields, and trade transactions have continued since the first Iranian and Chinese delegations interacted with each other more than 2000 years ago. Also in the present era, China's first and foremost priority for Iran is the relationship based on energy supply, and Iran also looks at China as a powerful business partner, which can be seen by considering the cultural capacities of the two countries and re-reading the civilisational relations. It has broadened and deepened the level and depth of relations. Therefore, in this article, we try to examine the logic of relations between the Islamic Republic of Iran and the People's Republic of China through a cultural approach, taking into account the history of relations between Iran and China, as well as the process of Chinese studies in Iran and vice versa, Iranian studies in China. The research question is that the logic of relations between the Islamic Republic of Iran and the People's Republic of China in the contemporary era; What is with a cultural approach? The findings show that the two countries of Iran and China have a history of cultural cooperation, in addition to sharing social and international values. It should be noted that the article was compiled in a descriptive and analytical manner, and the arguments and findings presented in this article were prepared and presented based on the theoretical framework of constructivism.

question, what has been the role of education in the development of civil society in Iran and the West? It was decided to come out like this; In the ancient times of the West, education was a private matter. But in the Middle Ages, education became a religious matter. In the event that during the Renaissance, education became a public matter. But in the end, in the new era of the West, education became mandatory. Because in ancient times there were private schools. In the Middle Ages, the church ruled the society. During the Renaissance, the printing industry provided the basis for rapid and widespread publication, and finally, in the new era of the West, due to the government's rule, public education became compulsory. However, there were class schools in Iran in ancient times. But in the Islamic era, they became religious schools. In the case that in the modern era, they were first private and later became compulsory. Because in ancient Iran, education was exclusive to the children of nobles and influential people. But in the Islamic era, because Islam considered education and training as the right of all people, education and training became public and religious. Then, in the contemporary era, due to the Iliat governments, it became private and class-based, but finally, due to the rule of the government, education in Iran became compulsory again In general, in the new world, with the expansion of cities, people's habits and way of life and thought patterns changed. Therefore, education should try to familiarize students with their citizenship rights. Because if students are aware of their rights and responsibilities, they will definitely not allow any person or group to violate their rights, or if they are faced with unjustified authoritarianism in society, they will not surrender and will stand up to it and assert their rights. Because the most important goal of education is to institutionalize civil society, strengthen the spirit of democracy, acquaint students with citizenship rights, and teach critical thinking in students, as the future builders of society.