Crescent Journal of Medical and Biological Sciences
Volume:10 Issue: 4, Oct 2023

Helicobacter pylori is a gram-negative curved bacillus that assumes a significant role in colon cancer and children´s diseases. This study aimed to examine the association between H. pylori infection with colon cancer and children´s diseases in order to achieve a a comprehensive understanding of these associations and for future works.

Three main databases (i.e., Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials [CENTRAL], Scopus, and MEDLINE) were systematically searched by two reviewers from their inception date to 2022 in order to determine the association between the H. pylori infection with the colon cancer and children’s diseases.

The findings of two meta-analyses were similar regarding the positive association between the risks of colorectal neoplasm (pooled OR=0.18; 95% CI of 0.99–1.40; P>0.05) and colon neoplasia (pooled OR=0.41; 95% confidence interval 1.24–1.60; P=0.000). H. pylori was associated with an increased risk of colorectal adenoma, adenocarcinoma, and advanced adenoma. Also H. pylori infection was correlated with a high risk of iron deficiency anemia (IDA), otitis media with effusion (OME), HenochSchonlein purpura, and growth disorders in children.

In sum, the H. pylori infection may have been associated with an increased risk of colorectal cancer and children’s diseases.

Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) can profoundly influence different dimension of health such as sexual and reproductive health (SRH). The aim of this study is to develop and evaluate the psychometric properties of the Sexual and Reproductive Health Questionnaire for Women with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (SRHQ-WT1DM).

This protocol for a sequential exploratory mixed-methods study has two phases. Conducting a literature review, the first phase of the study will develop the items of SRHQ-WT1DM. Data analysis in this phase will be performed using directed content analysis and according to the framework proposed by the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) and the World Health Organization (WHO) for SRH in women. The second phase will evaluate the psychometric properties of SRHQWT1DM through a methodological study. Face and content validity will be evaluated both qualitatively and quantitatively, and construct validity will be done by exploratory factor analysis and convergent validity. The questionnaire’s reliability and stability will be examined using internal consistency (by Cronbach’s alpha calculation) and test-retest method (by Intra class correlation coefficient calculation), respectively. Descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation coefficient, and independent t-test will also be used. Women with T1DM who are of childbearing age and have unknown mental disorders will be selected as participants in the study from the Iranian Diabetes Society.

Development and psychometric evaluation of a specific tool for SRH assessment in women will help identify and fulfill their SRH-related needs and improve dimensions of their SRH.

This study aimed to investigate the effects of bevacizumab (an anti-VEGF antibody) on the structure of retina such as the thickness of the nerve fiber layer and macula with optical coherence tomography (OCT) in retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) patients.

This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2021-2022 in Tabriz, Iran to investigate preterm children aged 4-6 years. To this end, a total of 300 eyes of 150 children were assigned to three groups and then were examined by performing Fundus examination of retina, eye refraction test, and OCT imaging. The first group included 100 eyes with a history of ROP and treated with bevacizumab, the second group consisted of 100 eyes with a history of ROP but improved spontaneously, and the third group comprised 100 eyes of preterm children without a history of ROP.

Foveal thickness was 235.46 ± 11 µm in the group receiving bevacizumab, 267.70 ± 12 µm in the group with spontaneous improvement of ROP, and 269.48 ± 10 µm in the group with no ROP. Therefore, the mean thickness of the fovea in the group receiving bevacizumab was significantly lower than that in the other two groups. In the group receiving bevacizumab, moreover, the thickness of the nerve layer of the retina was less than that in the other two groups (P<0.005).

In sum, a greater understanding of the development of premature fovea was achieved, which may have facilitated identifying the possible clinical and long-term effects of these abnormal changes on adulthood visual acuity. It was recommended that further studies should be carried out to compare laser-treated eyes in order for expanding the scientific understanding of the development of premature fovea and other aspects of ROP, which may have decreased the preventable blindness rate.

Given that no study has so far carefully examined the effects and benefits of crystalloids on the hemodynamic status and events during the surgery for lower limb orthopedic surgeries, the current study aimed to compare fluid therapy with normal saline (NS), Ringer (R), and Ringer’s lactate (RL) during anesthesia on the hemodynamic status and events during lower limb elective orthopedic surgeries.

This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in 2019 with the participation of 270 patients (three groups each including 90 subjects) who were scheduled for an elective lower limb orthopedic surgery in Imam Reza hospital of Tabriz. Patients received one of these serums of NS, R, and RL. Electrolytes were measured before and after the surgery. Finally, data were analyzed using ANOVA and chi-square tests.

Based on the results, there was no significant difference between the three groups in terms of hemoglobin, hematocrit, sodium, calcium, potassium, chlorine, albumin, creatinine, urea, bicarbonate, pH, and arterial oxygen levels (P>0.05), and RL serum had the least effect on all factors.

In general, the administration of NS, R, and RL in lower limb orthopedic surgeries did not result in significant differences although RL had the least adverse effects and was associated with better results.

Testicular torsion is a critical medical condition necessitating prompt diagnosis and intervention. This study aimed to explore the potential safeguarding effect of carvacrol against histological damage and oxidative stress resulting from torsion/detorsion (T/D) in rat testes.

A total of 32 adult male rats were randomly divided into four groups. The sham group did not undergo any intervention. The second group received an intraperitoneal injection of 75 mg/kg carvacrol half an hour before detorsion application. The third group was administered 80 mg/kg carvacrol intraperitoneally without detorsion. The fourth group (control) experienced (T/D) through the administration of saline. Following a 5-hour reperfusion period, the left testis was excised for histological slide preparation. Blood serum was used to measure antioxidant enzyme levels. Data analysis was performed using the SPSS version 19 software and analysis of variance tests.

Significant histological alterations were observed between the sham and other three groups. The levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and testosterone significantly decreased in all treatment groups compared to the control group (P<0.05). Conversely, malondialdehyde (MDA) levels increased in the torsion control group in contrast to the sham group (P<0.05). Carvacrol administration mitigated MDA levels in the treatment groups. Also, there were significant differences in tissue parameters between the sham and the other groups (P<0.05).

According to the results of this study, carvacrol possesses the potential to mitigate testicular tissue damage, enhance testicular function, and ameliorate oxidative stress consequential to testicular rotation.

Researchers have reported different results regarding the association between Hashimoto’s disease and papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). Some believe that the coexistence of these diseases can lead to fewer tumor invasion and recurrence rates. This study evaluated the clinico-pathological features and survival time of PTC in patients with and without Hashimoto’s thyroiditis.

In this cross-sectional study, medical records of 251 participants who underwent total or subtotal thyroidectomy due to PTC from 2012 to 2019 were reviewed. The clinico-pathological features of participants, such as age, gender, tumor stage, tumor size, lymph node involvement, metastasis, capsular invasion, single or multi-focal tumor status, and survival time were recorded from their medical records and pathology report and compared in two groups with and without Hashimoto’s thyroiditis.

From 251 participants, 92 (36.6%) had Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, whereas 159 (63.4%) did not show any signs of this disease. Fifteen participants in the Hashimoto group and 46 in the non-Hashimoto group had a recurrence. Although there were no significant differences between the two groups in the term of recurrence rate (P = 0.08), the mean survival time was significantly difference between the two groups (69.03 and 58.78, respectively; P = 0.038)

Results of the study revealed that Hashimoto’s thyroiditis could increase the survival time of patients with PTC.

To investigate the level of troponin I and its association with mortality in patients with sepsis, severe sepsis, and septic shock.

In general, 148 patients with sepsis, severe sepsis, and septic shock admitted to Kowsar hospital of Semnan in 2017-2019 were recruited in this study. Serum troponin levels were measured during the first 24 hours of admission. The second measurement was done in the next 48 hours, which aimed at increasing the likelihood of positive troponin over time. However, if the troponin was positive just once, the patient would be in the category of positive troponin. In addition, the patient’s prognosis was recorded within 30 days.

Based on the results, 27.7% had troponin levels higher than normal. The mortality rate in patients with normal and abnormal levels of troponin was 5.6% and 17.1%, respectively, which was a significant difference. The age of dead patients was significantly higher than the age of the living patients and the results showed that among the variables of gender, normal or abnormal level of troponin, age, and type of underlying infection, only age had a significant relationship with patients’ vital status.

High levels of troponin were not effective in determining the prognosis of patients with sepsis, and only age had a significant relationship with patients’ vital status while the confirmation or rejection of this hypothesis will need further studies.