Journal of Research in Applied and Basic Medical Sciences
Volume:4 Issue: 2, Spring 2018

Human papilloma virus is inviridae of papilloma virus (HPV) family. These viruses have been classified based on the DNA sequences. At least 120 types of these viruses have been identified. Different types of human papilloma virus genotypes are associated with lower genital tract infection. The viruses in the host cell can create lethal, chronic, latent and transforming infections, and their multiple genotypes are related to human cancers such as cervical cancer.This study aimed to identify the genotypes of human papilloma virus that cause vaginal infections in women with infection.

This cross-sectional study was performed on 80 patients with vaginal infection who referred to specialized gynecology unit of Kosar Health Center of ShahidMotahari Hospital of Urmia University of Medical Sciences (Iran). Extracting viral DNA was performed automatically using Mag Core Nucleic Acid Extractor (made in Taiwan) and MagCor®viral nucleic Acid Extration kit (Cartridge code 202) made by MogCore Co. Taiwan, and genotyping the samples was carried out using the Real-Time PCR technique in the Lightcycler 96 system (made in Germany), and Real quality RQ-HPV HR/LR Multiplex Kit made by AB Analitica® Co. Italy.

Among the 80 samples, 30 people (37.5%) were positive for infection with human papillomavirus, evaluating the positive genotypes, it was found that of these, 16 people (53.4%) were infected with Low-Risk genotypes of human papilloma virus (6, 11, 26, 53, 67),7 patients (23.3%) were infected with only High-Risk HPV genotype (16, 31, 58, 18) and 7 people (23.3%) were infected with both low-risk and high-risk genotypes of HPV (co-infection) (6, 33, 53, 39, 68, 70, 52, 35, 26, 51, 16), respectively.

Considering that human papilloma virus infection is asymptomatic, and it has a high prevalence in Iran, according to studies, early diagnosis, and prevention of progressing the infection can prevent the malignancies of the uterus.Molecular techniques, particularly Real-time PCR, are as one of the fast and reliable methods for detecting the human papilloma virus infections even with quite low viral loads.

Several studies have shown that Propolis has antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, and antiparasitic activities. Furthermore, Propolis has been described to have therapeutic effects in some fungal infections. Our aim is to study the inhibitory effects of alcoholic extract of Propolis on Candida and Aspergillus spp.

To determine inhibitory and fungicide dose of Propolis extract, we prepared serial dilution of the extract including 1/20, 1/40, 1/80, 1/160, 1/320, and 1/640 in 1 ml of liquid medium Sabouraud dextrose broth. Given the numbers of Candida, yeasts in 1 ml were added to the above dilution tubes. Candida and Aspergillus cultures were incubated at 30°C and 25°C, respectively, for 24-72 h.

The concentration of 0.25 g/dl of Propolis extract showed an inhibitory and cidal effect on more than 50% of the clinical isolates. But, there were no inhibition and killing at concentrations 0.0312 g/dl and 0.0625 g/dl on the Candida isolates. Our findings showed that 0.0312 g/dl of the extract was partially active against Aspergillus fumigatus and dilution of 0.125 g/dl was active on Aspergillus Niger. In the agar dilution method, some changes were observed in morphological features (depending on the extract dilution) and quantitative effects of the dilution of the extract were found on the colonies.

We realized that the alcoholic extract of Propolis had prominent antifungal activity and inhibitory effect on Candida and Aspergillus isolates.

Renal transplantation has been considered as the best therapeutic strategy for end stage renal disease (ESRD). Oxidative stress induced by the activity of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase and nitric oxide has key role in the pathogenesis of ESRD. Therefore, in this study, the propose of this research was to investigate the enzymatic activity of NADPH oxidase (NOX), as well as nitric oxide (NO) levels before and after renal transplantation,

Twenty-five patients with ESRD and renal transplantation with age range of 20-60 years was enrolled in this study. Serum samples were collected for measurement of NADPH oxidase and NO levels, before, one hour and 14 days after transplantation, by ELISA technique using a commercial kit. Serum levels of urea and creatinine was also evaluated.

The serum urea and creatinine levels significantly decreased after transplantation (p<0.05). research indicated that the serum levels of NADPH oxidase and NO was increased in the three times, one hour and 14 days after transplantation, but this increase was not statistically significant.In addition, NO and NADPH oxidase showed a significant correlation.

This study showed that the serum levels of NADPH oxidase and NO was not significantly changed before and after renal transplantation. In addition, NO had no diagnostic value in renal transplant patients who did not have acute rejection.

Since the introduction of heavy-chain antibodies (HcAbs) two decades ago and the explanation of nanobodies, valuable biochemical properties of nanobodies have generated the interest of researchers on their use in diagnosis and therapy of tumor. Various specific nanobodies (VHHs or sdAbs) have been selected from library and detected high affinity with their antigens. The small size of nanobodies (~15 kDa, 4 nm long and 2.5 nm wide) make it easy for them to penetrate the tissue or get through the blood brain barrier as drugs.  Furthermore, nanobodies have been offered in conjugates with other effector domains and in drug delivery systems as targeting for tumors. The nanobodies has the potential to make effective biomedical carriers in the fields of research, diagnostics and therapy. In this review we have explained the important advances in the field of nanobodies. Nevertheless, there are many potentials to further develop and improve nanobody-mediated tumor targeting. In the near future, new targets and their corresponding nanobodies must be identified. Currently, some researchers exploited available nanobodies against tumor-specific receptors for delivering drugs or toxins to tumors, therewith reducing nonspecific toxicity to normal cells and lessening side effects. In conclusion, nanobodies as targeting carrier appear to be a promising method of tumor targeting therapy and diagnosis.

Gastric cancer is the 5th most common cancer and the third cause of death in the world. Studies have shown that gastric cancer is somewhat susceptible to chemotherapy, but the duration of tumour reduction is short, and patients have not had much success in survival, and in many cases, chemotherapy resistance has been observed. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to investigate the effect of omega-unsaturated fatty acids on the expression of Cyclin A2, and CDK2 germ cell cycle in patients with gastric adenocarcinoma under chemotherapy.

This is a double-blind, pre-and post-test clinical trial with the target population of patients with gastric adenocarcinoma that were first identified and subjected to chemotherapy. Twenty-four patients were selected randomly and randomly in control and control groups. In the control group, the treatment was routine with cisplatin plus placebo. In the case group, treatment with cisplatin plus a supplement of natural fatty acid supplementation capsules of Ultimate-Omega Factors with a dose of 1200 mg per day was 3,600 mg Three tablets of 1200 mg (for three courses) started on horizons three weeks. Three samples of stomach biopsy were taken from all patients before and after chemotherapy. Biopsy specimens were extracted from all tissue mRNAs and cDNA was synthesized from them, and then the expression of the genes was measured using Real-Time PCR. The results were analyzed by SPSS software version 24.

The mean or average expression of Cyclin A2, CDK2 in the case group showed a significant decrease compared to the control group (P value was 0.021 and 0.026, respectively.

The results of this study showed that the use of omega-3, 6, 9 fatty acids with cisplatin can be useful in stopping the S-cell cycle in gastric cancer cells.

In this study, we evaluated the effect of tropisetron on the oxidative biomarkers in the plasma of type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM). Twenty-one male Wistar rats were randomly divided into three experimental groups (n =7): control, diabetic and diabetic + tropisetron. Diabetes type 1 was induced by streptozotocin (STZ) (50 mg/kg; i.p). Tropisetron (3 mg/kg; i.p) as a 5-HT3 antagonist was given once daily for 2 weeks. At the end of experiment animals were euthanized and blood samples were collected for further analysis including superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities and malondialdehyde (MDA), total antioxidant capacity (TAC) levels. We found that tropisetron attenuated MDA levels and increased SOD, GPx and TAC contents in the plasma of diabetic rats. Our findings indicate that tropisetron improved oxidative stress in the plasma of STZ induced-diabetic rats.

Cell-free DNA (cfDNA) is a moderately novel method with an exponential expansion in uses for a wide range of applications. The clinical services of these new techniques will be estimated by the scientist in the field via the newest case studies. Non-invasive detection of cell-free DNA has the potential to impact treatment regimens and clinical protocols. cfDNA will manage the standard of care in transplant medicine, oncology, and cardiovascular disease. This field is appearing as one of the most exciting and promising areas of medicine and other sciences and can make a huge influence on prenatal care. The aim of this review is to present potential and application of Cell-Free DNA in prenatal diagnosis.

As a major problem, addiction endangers life of people and makes families confront various problems such as violence against women.

300 women who had experienced violence (39 of them had addicted husbands) were investigated. The researchers collected data by a questionnaire about physical, sexual, economic and verbal-mental violence.

The rate of physical, sexual and economic violence among women with addicted husbands was 92.3% (36 women), 79.5% (31women) and 76.9% (30 women) respectively. This rate among women with non-addicted was 88.9% (232 women), 71.6% (187women) and 88.9% (232 women). The rate of physical (P=0.042) and economic violence (P= 0.036) against women with addicted husbands was higher. However, there wasn’t a significant relationship between husbands’ addiction and sexual violence.

Considering the results, it is necessary to make effort to prevent addiction through careful pre-marriage tests and eliminate factors which cause addiction such as poverty and unemployment.