Journal of Crop Nutrition Science
Volume:5 Issue: 1, Winter 2019

 Polyacrylamide is the main synthetic polymer used, and it absorbs water through the formation of hydrogen bonds. Super Absorbent Polymer (SAP) can absorb water up to 200-400 times its weight and increase its size by up to 100 times.

 Evaluate effect of different irrigation regime and super absorbent polymer on agrophysiological traits of maize.

 This study was done via split plot experiment based on randomized complete blocks design during 2016 with three replications. The main factor included irrigation regimes (M1: Conventional irrigation or control, M2: Alternate furrow irrigation from 4 leaves stage until silk emergence and after conventional, M3: Normal irrigation until silk emergence and after alternate furrow irrigation). Three level of super absorbent polymer (S1: non use of SAP, S2: 25 kg.ha-1, S3: 50 kg.ha-1 SAP) belonged to the sub factor.

 Result of analysis of variance indicated effect of different irrigation regime and SAP on seed yield, biologic yield and harvest index was significant at 1% probability level also interaction effect of treatments on measured traits (instead harvest index) was significant. Mean comparison result of different irrigation regime revealed the maximum amount of seed yield (5670 kg.ha-1), biologic yield (1401 gr.m-2), harvest index (40.47%), total dry weight (1800 gr.m-2), leaf area index (4.95), crop growth rate (39 gr.m-2.day-1), net assimilation rate (8.5 gr.m-2.day-1) and relative growth rate (0.15 gr. gr-1.day-1) was obtained for M1 and minimum of mentioned traits was for M2 treatment. Compare different level of SAP showed that the maximum amount of seed yield, biologic yield, harvest index and growth indices belonged to S3 treatment also the lowest amount of measured traits were for S1 treatment. Assessment mean comparison result of interaction effect of treatments indicated maximum seed yield (6300 kg.ha-1) and biologic yield (1456 gr.m-2) was noted for M1S3 and lowest amount of measured traits belonged to M2S1 treatment.

 Generally between different deficient irrigation treatments M3 treatment had highest amount in total dry matter, leaf area index, crop growth rate, net assimilation rate, relative growth rate, biologic yield, seed yield and harvest index, so in water stress situation M3 treatment with use 50 kg.ha-1 SAP it can be advice to farmers.

Super absorbent polymers (SAP) by increasing the capacity of water storage and nutrition materials, reduction of wasting water and evaporation from the surface of soil improve crop production under water stress condition. Bio-fertilizers have the significant advantages to chemical fertilizers; for instance, they do not produce toxic and bacterial substances in the food chain, are able to reproduce spontaneously, can improve the physical and chemical properties of the soil, are affordable economically and are acceptable environmentally.

This research is aimed to examine the changes of seed yield, its components and morphological traits of corn affected different level of SAP and Nitroxin bio-fertilizer.

Current study was carried out via factorial experiment based on randomized complete blocks design with three replications during 2015-2016. The first factor included different level of SAP (S1= nonuse of SAP or control, S2= 100 kg.ha-1 and S3= 150 kg.ha-1 SAP) and second factor consisted three level of Nitroxin (N1= nonuse of Nitroxin or control, N2= 1 L.ha-1 and N3= 3 L.ha-1 Nitroxin, used in stem elongation).

Result analysis of variance revealed effect of SAP on all measured traits (instead ear diameter, number of row per ear) was significant, also effect of Nitroxin on all measured traits (instead plant height, stem diameter, ear length, harvest index) was significant. Interaction effect of treatments on all measured traits (instead plant height) was not significant. According result of mean comparison of different level of super absorbent that maximum plant height (179 cm) stem diameter (2.5 cm), ear length (19 cm), seed yield (8455 kg.ha-1), biologic yield (13266 kg.ha-1), harvest index (60%), Number of seed per row (27), 100-seed weight (23 gr) was noted for use 150 kg.ha-1 super absorbent and minimum amount of mentioned traits was belonged to control treatment. Also between different level of Nitroxin the highest amount of measured traits observed for 1 L.ha-1 treatment.

Generally results of current study indicated consume 150 kg.ha-1 SAP and 1 L.ha-1 Nitroxin led to improve seed yield, its components, harvest index and morphological traits from aspect economically and it can be advised to producers.

Vermicompost in sustainable agriculture is very useful for improving soil porosity and thereby providing more nutrients to crop.

Current research was conducted to evaluate effect of biofertilizer (vermicompost) under different level of irrigation on crop production and protein yield.

This study was carried out via split plot experiment based on randomized complete blocks design with four replications along 2018 year. The main factor included different interval of irrigation (I1= 70mm, I2= 90mm, I3= 110mm and I4= 130mm evaporation of Pan) and four level of vermicompost (V1= control, V2= 4 t.ha-1 and V3= 8 t.ha-1).

According result of analysis of variance effect of different interval of irrigation and vermicompost on all measured traits was significant, also interaction effect of treatments on seed yield, number of pod per m2 and 100-seed weight was significant. Result of mean comparison of different interval of irrigation revealed maximum amount of number of seed per pod (7.87) and protein yield (44.1 gr.m-2) was for 70 (mm) evaporation of pan treatment but highest amount of protein percentage (24.43%) belonged to 130 (mm) evaporation of pan. Also the maximum amount of mentioned traits was for use 8 t.ha-1 vermocompost and minimum of those were for control. Mean comparison result of interaction effect of treatments revealed the highest amount of seed yield (250.14 gr.m-2), number of pod per m2 (304) and 100-seed weight (11.01 gr) were obtain for 70 (mm) evaporation of pan with use 8 t.ha-1 vermocompost and lowest ones were for 130 (mm) evaporation of pan with nonuse of vermocompost.

The present study revealed that the use of vermicompost is useful for improve growth of mung bean under water stress situation. In order to achieve maxi-mum quantitative and qualitative yield the treatment of irrigation intervals with 90 (mm) evaporation of pan (it doesn’t had significant difference with 70mm evaporation of pan) with application 8 t.ha-1 vermicompost under water stress condition can be advised to the producers.

Wheat produces more than 50 percent of requirements protein and calorie for human nutrition in Iran. Management of nitrogen fertilizing is important to increasing wheat production. So, among chemical fertilizer a high correlation reported between nitrogen and yield. Also to improve physical, chemical and biological properties of soil, organic fertilizer such as vermicompost can be applied.

This research was carried out to assessment effect of different level of nitrogen fertilizer and vermicompost on crop production, concentration of protein and nitrogen in seed and straw and nitrogen harvest index of wheat.

Current study was conducted according factorial experiment based on randomized complete blocks design with three replications along 2013-2014 agronomic years. The Main plot included nitrogen fertilizer at four level (0 or control, 50, 100 and 150 kg.ha-1) and vermicompost at four level (nonuse of vermicompost or control, 2.5, 5 and 10 t.ha-1) belonged to sub plot.

According result of analysis of variance effect of different level of nitrogen, vermicompost and interaction effect of treatments on all studied traits was significant at 1% probability level. Evaluation mean comparison result revealed in different level of nitrogen the maximum seed yield (6484 kg.ha-1) seed nitrogen content (3.95%) seed nitrogen yield (18.42 gr.m-2) seed protein content (18.4%) Straw nitrogen content (1.51%) straw nitrogen yield (16.1 gr.m-2) and nitrogen harvest index (66.95%) was noted for 150 kg.ha-1 and minimum of measured traits belonged to control treatment. Also compare different level of vermicompost showed that the maximum and the minimum amount of studied traits belonged to 10 t.ha-1 and control, respectively. Assessment mean comparison result of interaction effect of treatments indicated the highest amount of all measured traits were noted for 150 kg.ha-1 nitrogen with 10 t.ha-1 vermicompost and lowest ones belonged to control treatment.

Finally according result of current study application 150 kg.ha-1 nitrogen fertilizer and 10 t.ha-1 vermicompost led to achieve highest amount of crop production, seed nitrogen and protein content, straw nitrogen content and nitrogen yield and nitrogen harvest index, so it can be advised to producers.

Mineral nutrition is one of the most important factors affecting plant growth and productivity, also growth analysis is a way to assess what events occurs during plant growth.

The goals of this study were to investigate the effect of different level of nitrogen fertilizer and zinc sulfate on growth indices of Green bean.

Current research was conducted according split plot experiment based on randomized complete blocks design during summer of 2012 with three replications. The main plots consisted of four level of nitrogen form source of urea (N1: 0, N2: 30, N3: 60, N4: 90 kg.ha-1) and four levels of zinc sulfate (Z1: 0, Z2: 10, Z3: 20 and Z4: 30 kg.ha-1) belonged to sub plots.

According result of growth analysis the highest amount of total dry matter (800 gr.m-2), leaf area index (4.21), crop growth rate (27.35 gr.m-2.day-1), relative growth rate (0.037 gr.gr-1.day-1) and net assimilation rate (6.7 gr.m-2.day-1) was belonged to N4 treatment and the lowest amount of treatments was for control.

Final result of current study revealed use of 90 kg.ha-1 nitrogen with consume zinc sulfate treatment led to achieve maximum level of growth indices in compare to another treatments and can advise to farmers in studied region.

In order to investigate the induction of salinity tolerance in CP72-1312 commercial cultivar in tissue culture condition, an experiment was carried out in the tissue culture laboratory of Karoun Agro-Industry Company in 2017 year.

At this study we evaluated tolerance of CP73-1312 sugarcane commercial cultivar to salt stress in tissue culture.
METHODS and

Six callus induction treatments in Murashig and Skoog based medium were studied in a CRD with 4 replications. MS based medium supplemented with 2,4-D in 3 mg.l-1 was the best treatment for callus induction (93.3%). The effect of different levels of salinity (0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8 and 1 percent) on callus tolerance was studied in a CRD with 4 replications. In the eighth weeks, the callus value reduction in compare to control was obtained 23, 51, 66, 75 and 81 percent, respectively. Five regeneration treatments in modified MS were performed as factorial experiment in a CRD with 4 replications. The highest regeneration rate was 1 mg.l-1 BAP and 0.02 mg.l-1 KIN. This treatment was used for indirect regeneration under salinity stress condition. The mean comparisons showed that the highest regeneration rate was observed in the control treatment and the lowest regeneration was observed in salinity treatment 0.8 and 1 percent. Five root treatments in half-strength MS medium were studied in a CRD with 4 replications with IBA. The highest rooting rates were assigned to 0.01 and 0.02 mg.l-1 IBA treatments. The effect of the best level of IBA (0.01 mg.l-1) on salinity stress was evaluated on rooting.

According to the results, with increasing salinity stress, rooting rate decreased.