نشریه مهارت های روانشناسی تربیتی
سال یازدهم شماره 4 (پیاپی 44، زمستان 1399)

The purpose of this research is to examine the experts' point of view about spiritual intelligence and its components. In this article, descriptive-analytical research method is used. Data collection has also been done by scanning and reviewing written sources including books, articles, theses, documents and electronic sources. The results of the research show that the structure of spiritual intelligence is one of the new, attractive and controversial concepts that has been proposed and developed in the light of the interest of researchers, experts and especially psychologists in the field of religion and spirituality. In recent decades, researchers have come to the conclusion that intelligence is not only considered as a cognitive ability, but has expanded to other areas such as emotional intelligence, existential intelligence, spiritual intelligence, etc. What has caused the structure of spirituality to be conceptualized as intelligence is those observations and scientific findings that express the fact that the application of special patterns of thoughts, emotions and behavior in daily life can increase human adaptability and well-being. Spiritual intelligence can be clearly distinguished from other types of intelligence due to some inherent abilities and characteristics, such as the ability to enter transcendental states, the ability to identify immaterial dimensions and create a holistic view of life experiences. Also, the findings showed that in Islamic texts, much attention has been paid to the component of spiritual intelligence, and many of the commands that have been paid attention to in the Islamic religion are for the growth and development of human spiritual intelligence. Spiritual intelligence can be increased with various attention exercises, reshaping emotions and strengthening moral behavior. Since these practices are not exclusive to a particular religion with specific spiritual training, adherence to any chosen spiritual practice will facilitate the growth of spiritual intelligence.

In the present age, whichis the age of the explosion of knowledge,the traditional learning that has surrounded the education system for many years does not meet the needs of students and teachers. Individual academic motivation and individual self-efficacy are two important factors for students' academic achievement.Research Questions or Hypothesis:This research includes the following hypothesis and question:Is participatory learning of jig-sao type affecting individual self-efficacy and student's educational motivation?Participatory learning ofthe Jig-Saw type affects students' individual self-efficacy. A participatory learning of the type of jig-up has an impact onstudent's educational motivation.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect ofparticipatory learning ofJig-Saw onself-efficacy and academic motivation of secondary high school students in Namin.

This study was semi experimental carried out in two groups of control and the experiment (pre-test and post-test).The statistical population of this study includes all students of the 10thgrade high school ofEnbrand in the academic year of2016with a total of 2958 people.The sample size was estimated by Krājsi-Morgan table 62 number Which were selected through targeted sampling(available).31members inthe control group and31members inthe experimental group.the data gathering tool included two standard questionnaires- Harter's academic motivation(1981)and Sherer;s Individual self-efficacy(2003).data were analyzed using SPSS18 software.

The results of the findings showed that there was a significant difference between the educational motivation(F= 950/371; p < 0.05) and individual self-efficacy (F= 1374/436;p < 0.05)in the experimental group before the intervention and after it. Discussion and

The participatory learning method is effective in increasing the students' academic motivation and self-efficacy compared with the traditional lecture method.

The purpose of this research was to the role of teaching problem solving skills on self-determination and flourishing among female students of Islamic Azad University of Quds in Tehran. The research method was conducted as a semi-experimental method with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group. The statistical population included all the female master's students in the field of psychology of the Islamic Azad University of Quds, Tehran, in the academic year of 2021-2022, in the number of 71 people, of which 30 qualified volunteers were selected by available sampling method and They were randomly divided into 2 groups (experimental and control). To collect the required data in the pre-test and post-test stages, the self-determination questionnaires of LaGuardia & et al (2000) and flourishing Soleimani et al. The experimental group underwent 10 sessions (60 minutes each session) and 5 weeks of educational intervention on problem solving skills by Desorilla and Goldfried (1971). The data was analyzed using the statistical method of analysis of covariance and SPSS24 software. A significant level of 0.05 was considered for all tests. The results showed that group problem solving training in the post-exam stage increased the self-determination score (P<0.001) and flourishing (P<0.001) of the students in the experimental group. Based on the findings of this research, it can be concluded that the officials and planners of the Islamic Azad University organization can use teaching problem solving skills training to increase the self-determination and flourishing of students.

The aim of this study was to Meta-analyze the most effective factors in Iranian women's tendency to cosmetic surgery. The study population included 50 studies related to psychological and social factors affecting women's tendency to cosmetic surgery since 2007 to2017, of which 32 studies with the necessary conditions in terms of data validity and research method by five judges as a sample research was selected.Information of 32 studies was recorded in a meta-analysis worksheet that compiled by the researcher.SPSS software was used to analyze the data in the descriptive statistics section and CMA3 comprehensive meta-analysis software was used in the inferential statistics section. Among 18 effective variables to cosmetic surgery, 4 variables had the greatest size effect. Based on the results of the analysis, Social identity with size effect 7/7, Social acceptance7/4, Emotional Intelligence 7/2 And general self-efficacy with size effect 7, Significantly affected to cosmetic surgery`s tendency of Iranian women.

The purpose of this research was to investigate the relationship between parenting methods, feelings of loneliness and internalized and externalized behavioral disorders of primary school students in Sari, Region 1. This research has been descriptive-correlation type and the statistical population includes all the parents-students of girls' elementary school in Sari city, region 1, whose number is 1400, using multi-stage random-cluster sampling method, 181 parents. and 121 students have been selected, and the collection tool is a 30-question questionnaire of parenting methods (Bamrind, 1991), a 24-question questionnaire on feelings of loneliness (Asher SLFS, 1984) and a child behavior list (Achenbach CBCL, 1991). The validity and reliability of the tools were confirmed after the review. Pearson's correlation coefficient and regression test were used for data analysis. The results showed that there is a relationship between parenting methods and children's feeling of loneliness. There is a relationship between parenting methods and children's internalizing and externalizing behavioral disorders. The results of the regression analysis also indicated that the contribution of each parenting style to the prediction of loneliness and internalizing and externalizing behavioral disorders of children is different, and the component of authoritative parenting style has the largest contribution (23). 0.0) and authoritarian parenting style with the lowest contribution (0.17) play a role in predicting children's feeling of loneliness. The component of authoritarian parenting style with the highest share (0.49) and authoritarian parenting style with the lowest share (0.25) play a role in predicting internalizing and externalizing behavioral disorders of children.