نشریه پژوهش های شیمیایی و نانو مواد
سال دوم شماره 2 (پیاپی 6، تابستان 1402)

A simple, efficient, and green method for synthesis of isoindigos by reaction of oxindoles, and isatins under conventional heating using 1-benzyl-3-methylimidazolium Chloride, [Bnmim]Cl, as a neutral, effective and reusable media is described. This method has several advantages, for example simple procedure with an easy workup, shorter reaction times, and excellent yields without any byproduct.

The charge transfer complex (CTC) is formed by the reaction between electron donor and acceptor and is stabilized by non-covalent interactions. These complexes absorb energy in the ultraviolet or visible region (charge transfer bands). The drug interactions with electron acceptors are important molecular reactions for drug activity. The position and intensity of charge transfer bands of complexes are used to quantify drugs as electron donors. This technique is cheap, simple, and efficient.and many studys have been done in this field. Different π-acceptors have been used in spectrophotometric assays and analysis of many pharmaceutical substances as electron donors. The nature of the complexes was determined by elemental analysis, Infrared spectroscopy, Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and conductometry. In this study, the types of drugs that have the ability to form charge transfer complexes and also the types of electron acceptors used in the analysis of drugs are reviewed.

In recent years, nanotechnology has received much attention due to its wide applications in various fields. As the surface area increases, the functional efficiency of the nanostructure also increases. Today, the potential application of nanotechnology in the field of agriculture has led to extensive research. The combination of nanotechnology and agriculture is a new tool and leads to the production of nano-fertilizers, nano-herbicides, nano-fungicides, nano-pesticides and nano-insecticides, commonly referred to as nano-agrochemicals. These nano agrochemical have gained a lot of research interest due to their cost-effective and environmentally friendly nature. In addition to the many benefits of nano-agrochemicals in agriculture, they help to replace synthetic fertilizers and pesticides, leading to increased yields of production. However, extensive research is being done in this field. Some of the challenges include accessibility for farmers, cost of production, lack of awareness, impact on the environment, humans, etc. This article reviews the current impacts of nanotechnology in agriculture, agrochemicals and their characterizations and also importance of nanotechnology on sustainable development of agriculture.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is associated with hormonal-metabolic disorders, oxidative stress and ovulation disorders. The present study evaluated the effect of selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) on the activity of antioxidant enzymes and ovarian tissue structure and oxidative DNA damage in the polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) model. 32 female Wistar rats were divided into 4 control groups, PCOS, PCOS+SeNPs0.1 and PCOS+SeNPs0.1. Polycystic ovary syndrome was induced by a single intramuscular injection of estradiol valerate (4 mg/kg) and SeNPs with doses of 0.1 and 0.2 mg/kg were administered orally for 14 days. At the end, the tissue level of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) enzymes, content of malondialdehyde (MDA) and 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) in the ovarian tissue was measured by ELISA technique and the ovarian tissue structure was examined histopathologically. A significant decrease in the number of follicular cysts, 8-OHdG and MDA levels along with a significant increase in tissue levels of SOD and CAT enzymes were seen in the SeNPs treatment groups compared to the PCOS group. In fact, SeNPs with antioxidant function improved ovarian tissue structure in polycystic ovary syndrome model.

In this study, the characteristics of gels produced from polymers including carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) were investigated as functions of transparency preservation, pH, and viscosity retention over a period of 60 days. The investigation was conducted using Design Expert software and by employing a design of experiments based on a Central Composite Design (CCD) model. Changes in the weight ratio of the gel producer's implementation are considered the independent variable, while variations in pH, transparency, and viscosity changes of the produced gels over a 60-day period are recognized as the dependent variables. The variations in viscosity over the course of 60 days, at time intervals of 1, 7, 14, 28, and 60 days, for CMC, HPMC, and PVA individually, indicate that without the presence of a cross-linking agent, viscosity undergoes changes over time. Through a detailed analysis of the results obtained from 16 designed experiments, the optimal gel formulation, which ensures the preservation of structure, transparency, and pH within the neutral range, as well as the retention of viscosity over time, was predicted. This optimal formulation consists of a weight ratio of 9.68% CMC, 1.27% HPMC, and 4% PVA.

Today, the treatment of environmental pollutants (textile dyes and wastewater from pharmaceutical wastes) has become one of the most challenging issues, and several methods have been used to treat wastewater, including chemical, physical, and biological methods, each of these methods has its own advantages and disadvantages. In recent decades, titanium dioxide has created suitable conditions for environmental applications due to its unique chemical and physical properties. The basis of photocatalysis processes is based on the production of highly active species such as hydroxyl radicals, which quickly oxidize a wide range of organic pollutants. Titanium dioxide as a semiconductor is an efficient photocatalyst which has been used for oxidation of organic compounds, detoxification, regeneration of toxic metals, effective removal of heavy metals, destruction of bacteria and viruses. Since titanium dioxide and many other semiconductors have a large band gap, the use of photocatalytic water treatment using titanium dioxide is limited due to its relatively low efficiency. In order to improve the photocatalytic efficiency of titanium dioxide for water purification, as well as other photocatalytic applications, a lot of research has been done to extend the photocatalytic response of titanium dioxide to the visible range. In this article, titanium dioxide is systematically introduced and its electronic and structural properties are investigated.