مجله آبخوان و قنات
سال سوم شماره 2 (پیاپی 5، پاییز و زمستان 1401)

Qanat is one of the thousands of ancient relics that have been devised by Iranian scientists and engineers and is considered an important indigenous knowledge. The oblivion of Qanat terms and its local dialects in each region is one of the most important and valuable topics. One of the methods of utilizing water from wells is qanat, which eliminates a significant percentage of the water's need in the area, but this legacy is now being forgotten. Also, the oblivion of the terms and words used in this area is significant and high. In this research, an attitude about the local structure and terminology of the village of Chahkand Mood in southern Khorasan province has been studied. It has also been tried to collect and submit Qannat information and terminology related to the same area with interviews from well-known experts and experts. Words such as fenjan, tas, sahm, nimran, taghe, chah tombideh, deilam, dahan, etc. are used in the village in the field. The results of this paper showed that the spread of customs and culture in Iran has led to the creation of a dictionary and dictionary of terms and dialects. These terms differ according to the cultural difference that exists in each city and village.

One of the important factors in the sustainability of a region's development is the availability of adequate and suitable water resources for various uses, which, in addition to quantity, should be suitable from a qualitative point of view. Groundwater resources are one of the most reliable sources of water supply, which has suffered in recent years due to increased harvesting. The aim of this study is to evaluate the quality of groundwater in Sari-Neka study area and zoning of this area for agricultural use. In this study, 65 water wells in this area were chemically analyzed in year 1392-93. The samples were examined for the effective parameters in agriculture including chlorine (Cl), electrical conductivity (EC), acidity and alkaline (PH), sodium carbonate (RSC) residue. Finally, the water quality status was evaluated using the Wilcox index and the qualitative zoning map was considered. The results showed that more than 90% of the quality water test samples of wells used for agriculture in the C3-S2 and C3-S1 classes are located.

AbstractInvestigation of temporal variations of groundwater resources quality and quantity is very important for the comprehensive management of these resources. In this study, trends of the groundwater quality and quantity parameters variations of the Sari-neka plain during the period (1991-2015) were investigated. For this purpose, Mann-Kendall and Sen’s slop estimator non-parametric tests at 95% and 99% confidence levels to evaluate the trends were analyzed. The parameters used in this study were Ca2+, Mg2+, K+, TDS, Na+, Cl-, So42- in the qualitative part and the groundwater level in the quantitative part. The results for 16 quantity observation wells indicated that the trend of groundwater level for 5 observation wells was positive. 2 observation wells were negative trend and 9 observation wells were a non-significant trend. The qualitative trend analysis for 19 observation wells showed that expect Ca2+ which experienced positive trends (3 observation wells), the other quality parameters followed negative or non- significant trend.

Groundwater is one of the main sources for supplying needs, including drinking water and agriculture.With increasing human and climate pressures on groundwater resources, accurate forecasts of groundwater flow and quality for sustainable management are essential. Underground water quality modeling is a useful tool for identifying how to transfer pollutants in a the porous aquifer. These models include several parameters that are often estimated based on previous studies or expert judgment, Or in the best cases, based on Measurements in plaeses . In conclusion, the input data to the simulation models are not accurate and are accompanied by errors, so it is necessary to first define the effective and sensitive parameters relative to the outputs of the model.In this paper, a problem with the MODFLOW-2010 and MT3DMS programs was first simulated and the desired pollutant concentrations in wells were estimated according to the parameters given over a two-year period. Sensitivity analysis for time outs and Maximum concentration has been done during these two years. According to the statistical characteristics of the outputs, effective parameters are estimated on the maximum concentration and time. The results show that the effective parameters on the concentration of solute pollutants in the wells are 1 ) Reduction coefficient 2) Distribution coefficient 3) Longitudinal diffusion 4) Hydraulic conductivity 5) Transverse diffusion coefficient 6) Porosity Respectively.effective parameters on the time associated with the maximum concentration in the well operation are 1) Hydraulic conductivity 2) Distribution coefficient 3) Porosity 4) Transverse distribution coefficient 5) Reduction coefficient 6) Longitudinal diffusion.

A scientific and accurate understanding of the crisis and threats to water will help to better understand it and consequently proper planning to deal with it. In general, the major contributors to the water threat in the sub-basins of the country are pollution, climate change and drought, population growth, reduction of groundwater levels and desertification. Using gray relational analysis as a multi-criteria decision making method, the country's sub-basins were prioritized based on the severity of the five water threat factors. Since in gray analysis all indices should be quantitative, it is necessary to quantify the respective values for the each index.Then, according to the quantification results, the sub-basins of the country are prioritized by the gray relational analysis method, based on this prioritization of the Namk-lake sub-basin with 0.792 most critical sub-basin in the whole country based on the severity of the five studied threat factors in this paper.It should be noted that the rank is a number between 0 and 1 and the closer one is, the more intense the target. Maharloo and Karakum basins with 0.739 and 0.727 are in the next priorities respectively. Other basins are the Petargan, Dasht-e Kavir, Helle, Jarahi, Karkheh, Gavkhuni, Orumiyeh, Darangir playa, Siah Koh, Mend, Kol, Atrak, Karoon, Hamoun Mashkil, Abrogh-Sirjan, Kavir-e Lut, Hamoun Jazmourian, Marzi-Gharb, South Baluchistan, Aras, Hamoun Hirmand, Gorganroud-Gharehsou, Sefidrud, Bandar-Abbas, Talesh, Hazar, Between Hazar and Sefidrud.