فصلنامه علوم و فنون بسته بندی
پیاپی 55 (پاییز 1402)

The purpose of this research was to identify and rank the factors affecting the establishment of       two-way supply chain in Shahrekord food packaging companies. This research was applied in two qualitative and quantitative parts, in the identification part, the qualitative method of theme analysis was used, and in the quantitative part, the fuzzy BWM quantitative method was used. The statistical population of the research was the experts of Shahrekord food packaging companies, 11 of whom were selected as a sample. The total codes obtained from the interviews with 11 experts participating in the interview, 7 inclusive themes include management commitment, supply chain agility, trust among supply chain partners, supply chain adaptability, innovation, supply chain efficiency and information technology. In this section, the fuzzy best-worst method was used for weighting and prioritizing the 7 main criteria of the research. Based on this, supply chain agility ranks first and the rest of the components include management commitment, supply chain adaptability, innovation, trust among supply chain partners, information technology, and supply chain efficiency.

Considering the ever-increasing growth of the world's population and the increasing needs for cellulosic products, it is very important to maintain sustainability in this industry. Therefore, it is necessary to determine the importance of sustainability indicators in cellulose industries, to improve the performance and environmental, social and economic effects of this industry. Because, by determining the importance of sustainability indicators in cellulose industries, it is possible to determine appropriate strategies and policies to improve sustainable performance in this industry and help achieve sustainable development and environmental protection.Therefore, the main goal of this research is to rely on the presented importance of developing a decision-making model that is able to identify the importance of categories (indices) affecting the sustainability of cellulose industries and also calculate the prioritization of sub-factors by analyzing through multi-criteria decision-making techniques. In this research, a combined method using hierarchical analysis and best-worst methods to calculate the weight of categories and Aras prioritization method is used to select the best option and suggest the order of preferred ranking of the options. From the analysis, it has been determined that 11 main categories and three sub-categories affect the sustainability of cellulose industries. According to the results, among the main categories of strategic supplier cooperation with a consolidated weight score of 0.1801, continuous improvement is the least important with a consolidated weight score of 0.0252. Also, among the sub-factors, environmental management with a desirability degree of 1 has the first priority and environmental pressure with a desirability degree of 0.555 has the last priority. In addition, with the introduction of this decision-making framework, the analyzes of previous researchers have been reconstructed, and the framework of alternative rankings has been proposed in a hybrid way.

Eggs are an inexpensive food with various nutrients and high biological value. The decline in egg quality starts immediately after laying and progresses rapidly depending on the storage conditions. To aim of preventing the penetration of microorganisms and gas and mass exchanges, various approaches were studied based on inactivating microorganisms and coating the pores on the eggshell, in order to maintain the quality and extension of the egg shelf life. As an alternative to the traditional packaging of eggs and other food products, using biodegradable wrappers based on agricultural and food industries waste was associated with successful results. Polysaccharide packaging materials are low-cost and available, but they are not considered suitable wrappers against the penetration of water vapor, so this problem can be solved by applying physical and chemical modification methods and creating composite and active wrappers. Using food wrappers in the form of biodegradable packaging, in addition to preventing food wastage and longer protecting food, is an effective approach to overcoming the problems of waste disposal. At the same time, proper design and appearance, economic justification, using devices and practical methods in preparation, and appropriate, compatible, efficient and competitive formulation should also be considered.