نشریه پژوهش در پزشکی
سال چهل و هفتم شماره 3 (پیاپی 187، پاییز 1402)

Many cancer patients suffer from irreparable complications under the influence of oxidative stress. The administration of effective supplements to control and inhibit the action of oxidative radicals has recently attracted the attention of doctors and researchers. In particular, zinc supplementation is one of the minerals most relevant to the human health because of its antioxidant properties. Zinc acts as a cofactor for important enzymes involved in the proper functioning of the antioxidant defense system. In addition, zinc protects cells from oxidative damage. By conducting the present study, the effect of zinc dietary supplements in improving the treatment process of multiple myeloma (MM) patients who underwent autologous bone - marrow transplantation was investigated in terms of oxidative radical changes.

This study was a double - blind, placebo - controlled clinical trial. The study participants were randomly divided into two groups of 20, zinc gluconate (Zn) and placebo. On days 0, +15, and +30 after transplantation, patients received three 30 mg zinc gluconate tablets or placebo daily. The serum levels of zinc and copper of the patients were measured before the intervention and on day 30 after transplantation. The change in NADPH oxidase 2 (Nox2) gene expression was measured by real - time PCR method. The activity of nitrite (Nitric Oxide) and malondialdehyde (Malondialdehyde) metabolites were measured with Thiobarbituric acid and Griess methods, respectively. Analysis of the findings and graphs were done using SPSS Version 27 software. Mann - Whitney test was used to measure the difference in the number of biochemical variables between the intervention group and the placebo group, since thedata was not distributed normally. GraphPad Prism 8 software and one-way ANOVA and unpaired t-test were used to measure the difference in gene expression changes.

During the nutritional questionnaire, it was observed that the placebo group had more zinc, and the estimated difference between the two groups was determined to be 1.236. The expression of NOX2 gene showed a significant decrease (P-value < 0.05) compared to the control group after 30 days. The MDA values and Griess test findings did not change significantly after zinc supplementation, but a decrease was seen in the zinc group compared to the placebo group (P-value > 0.05).

It seems that zinc supplementation is effective for controlling oxidative stress and inflammation.

Denture stomatitis is a common disease in people who have dentures. The most important cause of it is Candida albicans. The antifungal properties of ginger have been overviewed in laboratory and systemic usage in previous studies. The present study was designed to evaluate the ginger mouthwash and compare it with the standard antifungal agent.

This study was designed as a double blind clinical trial. It was performed on 50 patients with type-2 denture stomatitis. Each patient was asked to use 5 ml of the drug 4 times a day for 2 minutes. The area of ​​erythema was measured on the first day, and days 7, 14, 21. Erythema changes in each group and at each time compared to the first day were analyzed with paired t-test and between two groups at each stage with t-test and during follow-up with ANOVA test. P < 0.05 was considered significant.

People in both groups were similar in terms of age, sex and erythema on the first day. The rate of erythema changes in the first week of nystatin was 104.1 ± 16.5 mm2 and in ginger 60.9 ± 17.8 mm2 (P < 0.001), and the same was true in the second and third weeks, and their differences were statistically significant (P < 0.001).

Nystatin suspension and ginger mouthwash both appear to be effective in the treatment of denture stomatitis, but nystatin is more effective.

Obesity comes with physical and mental diseases. So, there is a need for effective, accessible and affordable treatments. Due to this example, the effect of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) with   cognitive - behavioral hypnotherapy (CBH) on the weight of people with obesity has not been investigated yet

This experimental research was conducted on a sample of 30 people with obesity. The participants were randomly divided into two different cognitive - behavioral and cognitive - behavioral hypnotherapy groups. Simple randomization was done based on the table of random numbers, in which a number was randomly selected and based on the last digit on the right; one of the groups was used to determine the sequence of randomization. It should be noted that if the number on the right was zero or 7 to 9 when choosing a random number, that number would not be considered and a random number would be selected again. This work was continued until all 30 people were assigned to two groups, and concealment was done with the help of sealed envelopes. Both groups were measured in two stages: pre - test and post-test. The measurement tool in this research included body mass index (BMI). Data was analyzed with the help of spss software version 23 with an error of 0.5. Frequency, mean, standard deviation, and T-test analysis were used to describe and analyze the data.

The results showed that there is a significant difference between the cognitive - behavioral hypnotherapy group compared to the cognitive - behavioral group in losing the weight of obese people. The mean and standard deviation of cognitive-behavioral therapy in the pre-test (35.02 ± 4.1) and the post-test (32.5 ± 2.2) as well as the mean and standard deviation of cognitive-behavioral hypnotherapy in the pre-test (35.6 ± 4.30) and the post-test (29.1 ± 2.2) were measured. The Cognitive - behavioral hypnotherapy group, had more than twice weight loss than that of    cognitive - behavioral, and this difference is statistically significant. The difference between the two experimental groups was statistically significant (P < 0.004) and the cognitive - behavioral hypnotherapy intervention had a greater effect on reducing the weight.

It seems that cognitive - behavioral hypnotherapy intervention is more effective than cognitive - behavioral hypnotherapy for weight loss.

Inhibition of myostatin as a myokine is involved in reducing fat accumulation through increasing muscle mass. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of an aerobic exercise course on myostatin levels and metabolic risk factors in middle - aged men with metabolic syndrome.

Thisresearch was an experimental study with a pre - test and post - test design. 20 men with metabolic syndrome and average age of 53.6 ± 3.13 years voluntarily participated in this study and were randomly divided into two control (n= 10) and aerobic exercise (n= 10) groups. The assimilation of the subjects of the two groups was done based on the inclusion criteria and random selection of the subjects in the groups. The exercise program included 12 weeks of aerobic exercise with a sequence of 3 sessions per week and each session included 45 minutes of exercise with an intensity of 60-70% of reserve heart rate. During the intervention period, the control group only did their daily activities without exercising. All research variables such as myostatin levels, metabolic factors and body composition, and maximum oxygen consumption were measured in two stages before the training intervention and 48 hours after the last training session. Statistical analysis of the data was done by independent and dependent t-tests.

There was a significant difference between the two training and control groups in all research variables          (P ≥ 0.05). Myostatin values (P= 0.001),  HDL (P= 0.001), VO2max (P= 0.001) significantly increased and the values of body weight (P= 0.001), BMI (P= 0.001), waist size (P= 0.001), mean blood pressure (P= 0.001), total cholesterol (P= 0.001), triglyceride (P= 0.002), LDL (P= 0.001), blood sugar (P= 0.001) ) and insulin resistance index (P= 0.001) in the exercise group decreased significantly in the post-test compared to the pre-test.

It seems that a 12-week aerobic exercise program with an intensity of 60-70% of reserve heart rate could be suggested as a non-drug method to reduce myostatin and control metabolic risk factors in patients with metabolic syndrome.

The purpose of the study was to determine the correlation between two salivary estimation methods modified Schirmer test (MST) and spitting method. This could be used in xerostomic patients as a safe, cheap and available methods by clinicians.

The study was done as a cross sectional study. Measurements of unstimulated saliva was conducted  by spitting test, 1 time per subject at 9-12 am for 5 min and mean USFR was calculated by spitting saliva in a sterilized test tube. After resting for 30 min, the saliva estimation was done by Schirmer's Modified Test (MST) method for 3 minutes. The kappa test was used for correlation of data.

There were 100 samples, 40% male and 60% female. The mean age was 43 ± 2 years. 15% were smokers and 30% were drug users .No one used alcohol. 36 patients had xerostomia by spitting method and in Schirmer's Modified Test (MST) 32 had dry mouth. By both methods the 63 persons had no dry mouth and 31 persons had xerostomia .The correlation was 94% and 6%, respectively. Kappa test showed that the correlation of data between two methods was 96%. (P > 0.01) Spearman correlation coefficient.

It seems that both methods had a correlation with each other. It is proposed to design more studies about Schirmer's Modified Test (MST) application among patients suffering from Sjögren's syndrome or patients whom have been exposed to head and neck radiation.

Brown adipose tissue (BAT) has attracted interest as an antidiabetic tissue owing to its ability to dissipate energy as heat and improve glucose homeostasis. Possibly, mediating some exercise health benefits via ‘browning’ of white adipose tissue. Some plants also increase the activity of BAT. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of aerobic exercise with cinnamon on the effective indicators in the browning of visceral adipose tissue (VAT) in insulin - resistant rats.

In this experimental study, 32insulin - resistant male Wistar rats were divided into four groups: Insulin Control (IRC), Training (IRT), Cinnamon (IRCi), and Training - extract - Cinnamon (IRTCi) were placed. The training protocol was performed for 8 weeks and 5 days a week with 75-80% VO2max. IRCi and IRTCi groups were injected with 200 ml / kg / day cinnamon extract. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc test at the significant level p < 0.05.

A significant increase in the expression of FNDC5, UCP1, and the amount of irisin was observed in the IRT (P= 0.033, 92 percent; P= 0.027, 85 percent; and P= 0.040, 34 percent; respectively) and IRTCi (P= 0.0001, 188 percent; P= 0.0001, 171 percent; and P= 0.0001, 68 percent; respectively) groups compared to the IRC group. The expression of UCP1 in the IRCi group (P= 0.041, 80 percent) significantly increased compared to the IRC group. The increase of FNDC5, UCP1, and irisin was also significant in the IRTCi group compared to the IRT and IRCi groups     (P < 0.05).

Aerobic training and the combination of aerobic training with cinnamon increased the indicators affecting VAT browning. However, the effect of cinnamon alone needs more research.

Escherichia coli (E. coli) is a Gram - negative rod - shaped bacillus, which is a major pathogen with breeding damage in poultry and causes significant economic losses in the industry of Iranevery year. Antibiotic resistance in this organism is discussed as a major challenge worldwide. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the presence of mcr-1 gene (Colistin resistance gene) in Escherichia coli isolates collectedfrom day - old broilers of Ras and Arian breeds.

This cross - sectional descriptive study was conducted in a period of 4 months,and 120 non - repeated isolates of E. coli were collected from the samples of day - old broiler chickens of the Ras and Arin breeds. Samples were sent to the Kowsar laboratory.  E.coli strains were identified by using the Standard biochemical and microbiology routinetests = Antibiotic sensitivity test was performed according to CLSI instructions on Mueller Hinton agar medium by disk diffusion method and determination of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of Colistin Broth Disk Elution was performed according to CLSI instructions for colistin antibiotic. The presence of colistin resistance genes were investigated by PCR.

Total of 120 E. coli isolates were collected from day - old chicks. Our results could not confirm the presence of mcr-1 positive E. coli among the studied isolates.

It is concluded that despite the important role of food - producing animals in the transmission of antibiotic resistance, they were not the main source of mcr-1 transmission in Iran. This study showed that other mcr species (mcr-2 to mcr-9) may be responsible for the development of colistin resistance in animal isolates in Iran. The possible connection between the pig breeding industry and the high level of mcr carriage in some countries should be clarified in future prospective studies.

Determination of causes of death according to the findings of the autopsy in pediatric population is important from legal and medical aspects to reduce the deaths. Accordingly, the purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of death causesaccording to the findings of the pediatric bodies' autopsy (1-24 months) sent to the legal medicine organization of Tehran province in the summer and fall of 2019.

With the help of available data, 209 consecutive pediatric bodies' autopsy (1-24 months) sent to the legal medicine organization of Tehran province in the summer and fall of 2019 were enrolled and the causes of death were determined in them.

Respiratory failure (57.9%), cardiovascular causes (10.5%), and multiple traumas (9.6%) were the main causes of mortality. Age, family history, health status, type of disease, twin pregnancy, weight, violence, and pathology results were related to the cause of death (P < 0.05).

Totally, according to the obtained results it may be concluded that respiratory failure, cardiovascular cause, and multiple traumas are the main etiologies of mortality in pediatric bodies' autopsy from 1 to 24 months.