Journal of Basic Research in Medical Sciences
Volume:10 Issue: 2, Spring 2023

Hepatokines play an important role in the regulation of lipid and glucose metabolism, and hepatokines dysregulation can be associated with different pathological conditions such as obesity and type 2 diabetes. The present study conducted aimed to examined the effect of 12-week circuit resistance training with different intensities on the level of the insulin resistance related hepatokines, FGF-21, angiopoietin-like proteins 3 (ANGPTL3) and ANGPTL4 in obese postmenopausal women.

Forty-four postmenopausal women with average age of 56.07 ± 3.18 years participated in the present study, which randomly divided into four groups (11 subjects in each group) including control groups, low (LT), moderate (MT) and severe (HT) intensity circuit resistance training groups. The training program conducted for 12 weeks and three sessions per week. Blood samples collected before and after training interventions and the levels of desired variables were measured by ELISA method. The findings were analyzed with Graphpad Prism software and significance considered at the level of P < 0.05.

A significant decrease of FGF-21 levels was observed in the HT compared to control group (P = 0.015), but there were no significant changes in FGF-21 levels in the other groups (P < 0.05). ANGPTL3 levels decreased in LT, MT and HT groups compared to the control group (P < 0.001). In addition, decrease in the levels of ANGPTL3 in the HT group was significant compared to the LT (P < 0.001) and MT (P = 0.002) groups. The reduction of ANGPTL4 levels was significant in the three trained groups compared to the control group (P < 0.001), and also in the HT compared to the LT group (P = 0.025).

High intensity circuit resistance training compared to its low and moderate intensities can have a greater role in modulating insulin resistance by further reducing the levels of insulin resistance related hepatokines.

The effectiveness mechanism of aerobic training and omega-3 fatty acids supplement alone or combined together is remarkably unknown. In the present study, the effect of eight weeks aerobic training with omega-3 fatty acids supplementation on the levels of paraoxonase and myeloperoxidase in the sedentary overweight and obese women have been investigated.

Forty sedentary young women with age ranging 25-40 years were randomly divided into four equal groups (10 subjects in each group) including placebo (P), omega-3 fatty acids supplement (O), aerobic training (T), and aerobic training + omega-3 fatty acids supplement (TO) groups. The subjects in the T and TO groups participated in aerobic training for eight weeks, three session per week, and the TO and O groups consumed omega-3 fatty acids supplement in daily 2000 mg dose. Blood samples collected before and after eight weeks intervention and the level of paraoxonase, myeloperoxidase and some other related metabolites was determined.

Serum levels of paraoxonase in the O, T and TO groups significantly increased compared to the P group (P < 0.001). Myeloperoxidase indicated a significant decrease in T and TO groups compared to P and O groups (P < 0.05). Moreover, significant increase of Apo-A1 and significant decrease of Apo-B were observed in both trained (T and TO) groups (P < 0.05).

Despite increasing the paraoxonase levels following omega-3 fatty acids supplementation, the supplementation in combination with the aerobic training did not exert synergistic effect in the studied variables compared to the aerobic training alone.

Empowerment is one of the basic points in recognizing and improving the efficiency of any organization. This research was done with the purpose of recognizing and prioritizing in empowering the well-being of Ilam province.

The method of this research was descriptive and analytical. The statistical population included employees working in welfare in 2022-2023. In this study, 150 people were included, the least of whom had a diploma and the most of whom had a doctorate degree. In this research, descriptive and inferential statistical analysis was used. First, to describe the sample under study, central and dispersion descriptive indices are presented, and to determine the prioritization of employee empowerment components, Friedman's rank test was used in the inferential analysis section.

Based on the findings of the research, group skills have the highest level (71.11 ± 5.20) and moral competence has the lowest level (0.65 ± 8.45). In terms of the priority and importance of the components in the empowerment of the employees, group skills had the highest average rank of 3.68 and cultural competence had the average rank of 1.45 in the empowerment of the employees of the welfare department (0.001).

Paying attention to the recognition and importance of the components obtained from this study will improve and make the welfare department more efficient in solving problems.

Mental disorders in people who stutter are controversial among researchers. The 3 types of stuttering are developmental stuttering, neurogenic stuttering, and psychogenic stuttering. The exact cause of stuttering is unknown. This study aimed at investigating the relationship between Stress and Reading Comprehension Performance of Iranian Stuttering Individuals.

The current research was descriptive quantitative research with a correlational approach. The research tools included Zong's Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (S.A.S) questionnaire. The face validity, reliability and internal consistency of the questionnaire were examined. Five patients (5 adult men aged 14 and 19 with symptoms of stuttering and stress) were selected voluntarily among those who referred to the speech therapy clinic in Ilam.

To test the normality and abnormality of the research data, the Kolmogorov Smirnov statistics for stuttering and stress were 0.176 and 0.198, respectively, and the significance levels for both variables were greater than 0.05, none of which were statistically significant. In other words, the normality of the data was confirmed, which showed that Pearson's parametric tests can be used. The results indicated a relationship between stress and vulnerability (P < 0.05).

It has been concluding that there is a significant relation between stress and stuttering, indicating that stress and social phobia are common among people who stutter.

Lead is one of the most important heavy metals polluting the environment and it enters the body of humans and animals through digestion and breathing and has toxic effects on different body tissues. In the present study, the protective properties of Aloe vera plant gel in the pituitary tissue following lead acetate poisoning were investigated.

In this experimental study, 32 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 equal groups including; The control group: (normal saline, IP), lead acetate group: (20 mg/kg/day, IP), lead acetate-Aloe vera group: lead acetate (20 mg/kg/day, IP) + Aloe vera gel (400 mg/kg/day, oral) and Aloe vera group: Aloe vera gel (400 mg/kg/day, oral). After six weeks, the rats were euthanized and the pituitary glands from each animal were dissected. For the microscopic examination of tissue sections, hematoxylin-eosin staining was performed.

The results of the present study showed that treatment with lead acetate caused changes such as weight loss (P < 0.05), atrophy, and hyperemia, as well as tissue changes, including a general decrease in the number of cells in the pituitary gland (P < 0.05). Administration of Aloe vera gel (400 mg/kg) improved all the microscopic complications and disorders and macroscopic changes caused by lead acetate in the pituitary tissue.

It can be concluded that Aloe vera played an ameliorative role in the lead acetate-mediated pituitary injury in rats.

It is concerning that high-risk behaviors are so prevalent among teenagers, as this poses a serious threat to their health and well-being. Unfortunately, many teenagers turn to suicide as a way to cope with their feelings of depression and anxiety during this period of their lives. In an effort to better understand this issue, a study was conducted to explore the relationship between parenting skills and suicidal thoughts among students, with anxiety and depression serving as mediators in this structural equation model.

The research method used in this study was correlational description using the structural equation modeling method. The study was conducted on 390 second high school students (208 males and 182 females) in the city of Ilam, and the students were selected using a two-stage cluster sampling method. Data collection was performed through self-reporting using Beck's suicide thought questionnaire, Baumrind's parenting styles, and Beck's anxiety and depression in students. The structural equation modeling method was used to analyze the data.

The study found that there was a significant direct relationship between parenting styles and suicidal thoughts (P<0.001), anxiety, and depression (P<0.001). Additionally, the direct relationship between anxiety and depression, and suicidal thoughts was positive and significant (P<0.001). Furthermore, the indirect relationship between parenting styles on suicidal thoughts, mediated by the role of anxiety (β=0.521, P=0.001) and depression (β=0.780, P=0.001), was also significant.

the findings of this study highlight the importance of teaching parenting skills and the mediating role of anxiety and depression in students' suicidal thoughts. These results can have practical implications for improving the psychological well-being of this age group.

Endocrine function and metabolic health can be impacted by obesity and overweight. The current study examined how bodyweight high-intensity interval training and calisthenics affected overweight men's cortisol and testosterone serum levels.

Thirty-two overweight men (age: 19.5 ± 5.4 year; height: 175.4 ± 4.2 cm; weight: 90.9 ± 7.6 kg) divided into three groups: Calisthenics training (n=12), bodyweight high-intensity interval training (HIIT) (n=12), and control (n=8). The HIIT and calisthenics groups trained three times a week for eight weeks. Ten mL blood samples were collected from the antecubital vein 24 h before and after the training. Testosterone and cortisol serum levels were measured by ELISA technique. ANOVA and Bonferroni were used for data analysis.

The results showed that the serum levels of testosterone in HIIT and calisthenics groups increased significantly, and cortisol decreased compared to the control group (P < 0.05). However, there was no significant difference between the serum levels of testosterone and cortisol in HIIT and calisthenics groups.

Calisthenics and bodyweight HIIT can increase testosterone and decrease cortisol in overweight males.

Despite careful control of environmental factors, there is a wide variety of interpersonal muscle-induced muscle damage. Genetic changes can also be important in determining susceptibility to injury. Weightlifting is one of the most successful Iranian sports teams in Olympics; so, the aim of this study was the investigation of the relationship between ACE I/D gene polymorphism rs4646994 and incidence and severity of sport injuries in Iranian male elite weightlifters.

The study was cross-sectional research that conducted in 2022. The statistical population consisted of male elite weightlifters from Isfahan consisting of 31 athletes who all were investigated as sample. A questionnaire was used to collect the injuries data. Saliva samples were taken from all subjects and DNA was extracted and genotyped by using real-time polymerase chain reaction (real time-PCR). Chi-square and regression tests were used to analyze the data. Significance level was also considered at P < 0.05.

There was a significant difference in the incidence of injuries in different genotypes. ID genotype (59.4%) had the highest incidence of injury in compare with DD (23.2%) and II (17.4%) genotypes (χ2 = 21.47, P = 0.001). Also, there was a significant difference in the severity of injuries in different genotypes (χ2 =15.59, P = 0.049); but there was no relationship between genotype and incidence and the severity of sports injuries in selected Iranian elite male weightlifters (P = 0.715).

The results showed differences in the incidence and severity of sport injuries in different genotypes, hence it would be important in the prediction injury risk in weightlifters.