فصلنامه برنامه ریزی توسعه کالبدی
پیاپی 30 (تابستان 1402)

Informal settlements are a symbol of instability in the economic, social and cultural systems of the urban community. The consequence of this instability is to increase the degree of vulnerability in various dimensions, including physical vulnerability. These areas have affected the quality of life of the citizens with their problems, and on the other hand, managing this part of the city is different and difficult compared to other urban areas. According to the importance of threats of informal settlements against environmental hazards, the purpose of this article is to study the effective factors of physical vulnerability and modeling in the Asad Abadi neighborhood of Khorramabad. The research method is analytical-descriptive. In terms of purpose, the research method is applied-developmental. For data analysis, multivariate regression model, support vector machine model (SVM-ԑ) and random forest (RF) algorithm were used. The research findings showed that Assad Abadi neighborhood is in poor condition according to all physical indicators. From the perspective of residents of Asad Abadi neighborhood, the public service index with a regression coefficient of 0.429 has the most effect on physical vulnerability. Based on the evaluation criteria, the sigmoidal kernel model of the vector machine gives better results than the other methods. This model correctly predicts the physical vulnerability of informal residential complexes to hazards in more than 60% of cases.

The renovation and improvement plan for the urban texture surrounding the Holy Shrine of Imam Reza was initiated to reduce increasing density and urban pressures. This plan aims to achieve a stable balance and alleviate various pressures associated with the city center by pursuing qualitative transformation and optimizing contemporary architectural principles. The implementation of this plan has led to significant socio-economic changes in the Samen region, Mashhad, Iran. This descriptive-analytical research focuses on the socio-economic analysis of the aforementioned plan. Data and information were collected in two stages through library research, field studies, interviews, and questionnaires. In the first stage, the residents of Samen district constituted the statistical population. Sampling was conducted using a random method until theoretical saturation was reached. In the second stage, a questionnaire was developed based on identified factors, and experts from the municipality of Samen region assigned weights to these factors based on their importance. The SWOT Method was employed to analyze the findings, to identify advantages and disadvantages, and to evaluate potential obstacles and limitations hindering urban development. The method provides insights and proposes solutions to execute the plan with minimal complications. The results indicate a decrease in residential units, an increase in rental units, and growing dissatisfaction among residents and property owners due to the changes in living conditions and the relocation process. Based on the final scores of internal and external factors, an offensive strategy is recommended. Finally, suggestions are presented to mitigate the negative effects of the renovation plan and enhance the urban fabric.

Children are an important and sensitive group whose opinion and wishes should be asked about their living environment. This causes the formation of child-friendly neighborhoods that meet their needs. The reason for choosing South Poonk neighborhood was the car traffic, high density and low participation of children in the neighborhood. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to identify the ways of children's participation in order to create child-friendly neighborhoods. The research method is descriptive-analytical. The research is of an applied type and in terms of location, it is a field and documentary research. The statistical population is children under the age of 18 in South Pounak neighborhood, which includes 7291 people and about 20.5% of the population of the area. One of the methods of children's participation is to draw a picture, which children are chosen by a simple random method. Therefore, by analyzing the children's drawings, it is possible to direct the South Pounak neighborhood to be child-friendly. The research results from the examination of 50 children's drawings show that 19 categories were liked and noticed by children. Among the categories, respectively, active and passive interaction with the natural and artificial environment, as well as climatic comfort have the most attention and access to public transportation, creating special routes for cycling and walking, were less important in children's drawings. Also, the environmental dimension is ranked first with 26.45% and transportation is ranked last with 6.07% from the point of view of children. Therefore, it is possible to create child-friendly neighborhoods by involving children.

The physical growth of Iranian metropolises has forced the urban management to develop urban projects, especially in the field of transportation. These projects are generally defined from a traffic point of view and in line with physical development and the creation of infrastructure and facilities for the movement of cars, and are oblivious to social issues and spatial qualities. Therefore, many of these projects, especially in the city of Karaj, have faced widespread criticism due to various social, cultural and even economic and environmental consequences. Considering the conflict of opinions in this field, it is very necessary to check the compatibility of these projects with the indicators of sustainable urban development. This article evaluates three non-level intersection projects in Karaj based on the four dimensions of sustainable development, including "economic prosperity", "cultural vitality", "social development" and "environmental resilience". The research is quantitative and the data was collected through a researcher-made questionnaire. The results of the sustainability cycles technique showed that the projects of non-level intersections in Karaj city are unfavorable based on the indicators considered for sustainability, especially the social and environmental dimensions. Social and spatial incompatibility, great optimism about technical issues, neglecting residents' opinions, and lack of sustainable design are among the reasons for the failure of these projects.

Renewable energies are one of the most important sources of clean energy without harmful effects on the environment, which can be optimally used in remote areas, especially in rural areas. In this research, the potential of renewable energies including wind and solar energy for rural development in Ardestan township was investigated. For this purpose, daily statistics of solar radiation intensity and sky cloudiness and wind speed and direction statistics with a 3-hour time period of Ardestan station were used. The Weibull distribution probability function was used to estimate the radiation of Angstrom's equation and to predict and estimate the power of wind turbines. The results showed that Ardestan has a high talent for using solar energy due to the lower cloudiness coefficient. In about 90% of the year in Ardestan, wind blows with a speed between 8.8-3.6 m/s from the south and southwest. So, by applying the density coefficient in relation to temperature and height, the practical power of the turbine at a height of 50 meters reaches 528 kw/h, which has a high power for generating electricity. Due to the fact that it is not possible for the villagers to use wind turbines on a large scale, the use of solar water heaters for rural households and the use of wind power towers under the management of the township's electricity distribution company are suggested.

During the last few decades, the number of population and activity in the suburbs of Tehran has grown rapidly and as a result, the buffer zone of the capital city has faced major challenges. Changing the land use, especially natural covers, gardens and agricultural lands in favor of authorized and unauthorized constructions, is the manifestation of these challenges. Factors such as the growing population of Tehran, the extensive needs for land and the inability to respond to these needs as well as the weakness of urban space management have doubled the scope of the negative changes that have occurred. Although different solutions have already been presented to manage the capital's hinterland, they have not been able to match the existing institutional-organizational and spatial structures. Now, the question is, in order to overcome the problems in the capital city, what characteristics should the ideal model have? To answer this question, a qualitative method based on content analysis of documents and interviews with trustees and experts was used. The results show that the appropriate and effective model of hinterland management requires the following: the participation of all management levels from the national to the local, maximizing the role of various departments and organizations involved in hinterland issues, the participation of non-governmental sectors, the provision of a continuous monitoring mechanism of hinterland according to policies, regulations and various programs. If the inadequacies in thehinterland management mechanisms continue, it won't be long before some valuable biological and natural spaces around Tehran metropolis and its surrounding cities will be lost.

The formation and continuation of marginalization in the form of informal settlements can be considered the biggest challenge in organizing and managing the physical space of today's cities. These types of settlements with their different dimensions are a physical-spatial representation of the non-social sociability of individuals and groups. The physical representation of these urban phenomena in various labels has always been born in an informal process and has always been seen as a challenge of an anti-urban phenomenon. The present article, with descriptive-analytical method, seeks to investigate the role of factors and propulsions influencing the organization of informal settlements in Shamsabad neighborhood of Tabriz city. Data was collected through documentary, questionaries and field studies. The statistical sample includes 30 experts and the questionnaires were distributed among them using the Delphi method. Data analysis was also done with Delphi method, one-sample T test and path analysis in DPSIR format with the help of SPSS software. The findings showed that according to the DPSIR model, the "pressure" component received the highest score with a coefficient of 6.254. Also, based on the path analysis test, the "pressure" index with a total effect coefficient of 0.623 has the greatest impact and causal relationship with the organization of informal settlements. . On the other hand, the "impact" components with a total effect coefficient of 0.591; "Response" with a total effect coefficient of 0.556; "Status" with a total effect coefficient of 0.547; and "driving force" with a total effect coefficient of 0.537. Therefore, in order to empower and improve the Shamsabad neighborhood of Tabriz, strengthen the transportation system; suitable placement of incompatible land uses; strength of dilapidated buildings; and solving the ownership document problem are essential.

If the development of the local economy relies on the improvement of competitive local enterprises, it will attract domestic investment, improve human capital, increase work skills, improve local infrastructure and balanced economic development in the localities. Creativity as a foundation can cause economic growth and development in many contemporary societies. As a cultural and commercial source, creative industries are the most powerful part of the economy, and their use in planning areas leads to the development of the local economy and, consequently, the development of the national economy. The creative city will also lead to economic growth and development by having creative industries and attracting creative forces. Farahzad neighborhood has the ability to adopt the creative city approach in strengthening the local economy in order to improve the employment situation and empower people for two reasons: one is that it has suitable ecological resources and active institutions, and the second is that it suffers from unfavorable socio-economic conditions and the existence of informal jobs. This research has been done in three stages to achieve its goals. In the first step, by reviewing the theoretical literature, the dimensions of talent, technology, tolerance, land property and urban participation were determined. In the second stage, areas with planning priority based on existing spatial, social and physical commonalities include; low security, inadequate access and roads, existence of environmental problems, lack of ownership documents, low level of social interactions in the area, economic problems, poor condition of housing and existence of cultural differences between different ethnic groups were identified. In the last step, the criteria in the eligible planning areas were evaluated through interviews. Then, by analyzing the interviews through the MAXQDA software, the role of the components in the development of the local economy of Farahzad has been identified. Therefore, each of the examined dimensions was considered as follows: the dimension of land assets with seven components include; historical background, role of tourism, religion, traditional gardens, Farahzad river, restaurants and mountain section; the technology dimension with the component of having mobile internet; talent dimension with four components i.e., Possession of cultural institutions, residents' skills, desire to learn skills and desire for education, and urban participation dimension with three components; enjoying the diversity of different ethnic groups, following up on existing problems and participating in construction projects.