نشریه اقتصاد توسعه و برنامه ریزی
سال دهم شماره 2 (پاییز و زمستان 1402)

The most important relative advantage of Iran has been the export of crude oil and natural gas for a long time. Considering the raw nature of these products, specialization in the production and export of these products will not have a significant impact on Iran's sustainable growth. One of the solutions is to infiltrate the downstream industries of these products, the most important of which is the development of the petrochemical industry. In this sense, since the expansion of export markets is considered as one of the important strategies in the field of marketing, the aim of this research is to identify and prioritize the export opportunities of Iran's petrochemical industry products by developing an integrated decision support model - economic complexity, in five countries that are members of the Eurasian Economic Union. It includes Belarus, Kazakhstan, Russia, Kyrgyzstan, and Armenia, and the member countries of ECOTA trade agreements include Afghanistan, Pakistan, Tajikistan, and Turkey.the current research is applied in terms of purpose, descriptive-survey in terms of data collection, and a mixed type of research. The statistical population of the research was formed by the member countries of ECO and Eurasia trade agreements during the period of 2014 to 2021. First, in order to identify the factors affecting the development of export opportunities, using a questionnaire and a fuzzy Delphi model, based on the opinions of experts working in the private sector and petrochemical companies, experts working in specialized government jobs of the Ministry of Health, and academic experts,

Economic crimes are one of the important issues affecting the current society of the Islamic Republic of Iran, which has many destructive economic and social effects. Economy plays an irreplaceable role in the lives of people in the society, and because of its direct contact with people's lives, it is fundamental and cannot be ignored in any way. In a way that, according to Masoomin, disorder in the field of economy not only causes disruption in other areas of life, but also affects religion and human resurrection. Despite the existence of various laws and numerous efforts to fight and deal with this type of crime, it has not been as fruitful as it should be. This article tries to investigate this important issue, what are the challenges of dealing with economic crimes and the solutions that can be proposed in this field according to the statements and views of the Supreme Leader? The present research is theoretical;

The concept of sustainable development is currently recognized as one of the most reliable scientific and practical definitions for human society, so that the United Nations, as one of the most important global institutions, has defined various goals to achieve sustainable development and divided it into three The component of social, environmental and economic affairs has been divided. The aim of this study is to estimate sustainability tensions to examine how the pillars of sustainable development in Iran should interact with the European Union and China. For this purpose, this research uses the SEY model including the system of simultaneous equations and Granger causality in the period of 1993-2020 annually with two limited and complete information approaches. Based on the results, there are high sustainability tensions among these countries, which indicates their significant spillover effects and confirms the integrated sustainability perspective. In addition, the results show that there is a significant flow of spillover effects between Iran and China, and also, Iran has failed to apply and activate potential flows of sustainable spillover effects from the European Union. Therefore, in order to improve and accelerate the progress of sustainable development, policy makers in Iran should also maintain their relations with China as the world's second largest economy, while improving their relations with the European Union to avoid possible spillover effects between the pillars of Iran's sustainability and Activate the European Union.

Welfare fraud means deceiving government institutions to obtain more welfare benefits. The purpose of this article is to comprehensively study and explain the mechanism of welfare fraud prevention in cyberspace. According to the nature of the subject, the present research has been conducted in terms of practical purpose and in terms of collecting information by documentary method and through the study of reliable sources, and the obtained information has been analyzed in a descriptive-analytical mannerct. This research indicates that non-criminal preventive solutions (social and situational) can be suitable in preventing the crime of welfare fraud in cyberspace. Non-criminal prevention of welfare fraud in cyberspace through social prevention in the form of preventing the growth of welfare fraud documents in cyberspace and community-oriented prevention of welfare fraud in cyberspace in the form of providing family-oriented programs, educational and training measures in cyberspace, increasing media literacy, informing And culture building, control and monitoring, improvement of economic conditions, development of codes of conduct, situational prevention in the form of firewall security measures, filtering measures and monitoring measures will be done.

Hence, measuring the dependence of Iraq's budget on oil revenue and investigating the effect of the share of each source of income in financing the government on economic growth, considering the possibility of the resource curse phenomenon in Iraq, is the focus of this study. Therefore, the main purpose of this research was to investigate the impact of the share of oil income and tax income on the economic growth of Iraq and to compare the share of tax income with the share of oil income on the economic growth of Iraq. In this research, the autoregression model with a wide break has been used seasonally in the period from 2008 to 2020 to investigate the objectives and assumptions. Based on the results, the first, second and third hypotheses of the research were confirmed. To put it better, both oil income and tax income have had a positive and significant effect on Iraq's economic growth, and also in support of the third hypothesis, the effect of oil income has been greater than tax income, which shows that the financing of the Iraqi government is mostly through oil income and shows that the economy of this country is dependent on oil revenues. On the other hand, the increase in government tax revenue and its effect on economic growth in the long term can be considered for long-term planning in Iraq.