نشریه زیست بوم نوآوری
سال سوم شماره 2 (پیاپی 10، تابستان 1402)

This research aims to analyze the regional innovation system in Kurdistan with a structural-functional approach and tries to identify the weaknesses of this system and provide policy recommendations to improve it. The approach of the research is qualitative and in order to collect analysis of interviews of regional experts have been used. The data has been collected in an analytical-descriptive manner through the study of articles, reports, documents, and interviews with experts regarding the innovation system of Kurdistan. The findings of the research show some of the weaknesses of the innovation system of Kurdistan, which can be attributed to structural problems such as weak cooperation and interaction of actors, lack of financial resources for commercialization and innovative activities, lack of access to capable human resources, lack of compatibility between the agricultural sector and water resources. The limited market for innovative products, the lack of suitability of training courses with the advantages and priorities of the province, the low productivity of human resources, and the small scale of enterprises and agricultural units. Focusing on strengthening interactions between actors, creating industrial clusters such as the production of auto parts, and agricultural tools and creating downstream iron industries, aligning research and study activities with the potentials related to the province's border with Iraq, establishing think tanks and action in the field of products Having a competitive advantage such as strawberries and holding technological training can help to improve and promote the regional innovation system of Kurdistan.

Some international institutions regularly rank countries against each other based on some indicators. The Intellectual Property Organization and Cornell University are two institutions that publish the Global Innovation Index report every year. In this report, different countries are compared with each other based on eighty-one different indicators, and in the latest report (2023), IR Iran has been sixty-second among one hundred and thirty-two countries. According to many experts, not all indicators of this report are important to all countries. In fact, each country should determine which indicators are important to improve the status of that indicator in line with its national goals and priorities.

In this report, after reducing some of the indicators, the ranking status of each indicator has been specified for the country, and based on the opinion of experts and with the help of a questionnaire, the importance of each indicator has been identified in line with national goals and priorities.

In the following, by using the analysis of the gap between the indicators and the two-dimensional matrix of the ranking status - the importance of each indicator, the most important indicators that need to be improved in the country are identified and solutions to improve their status are provided.

In the end, nine important indicators for the country have been identified, and in five cases, data for the desired indicator has not been provided in the report of the global innovation index for the country. In fact, the indicators that need to be improved in the country are in the areas of venture capital investment, research and development spending, the export of information and communication technology and high-level technologies, foreign direct investment, student assessment, and patents.

The aim of this study was to investigate obstacles affecting the commercialization process of research finding of Iran Space Research center as one of the leading research centers in the field of innovative space technologies. This research is a part of the study of the commercialization research plan of all the products of the research center with a focus on non-space applications. The statistical sample included 30 experts and managers of the research center. Interviews were used for data collection in the qualitative approach, and questionnaires were used in the quantitative approach. The findings of the qualitative approach identified five main categories and twenty-six sub-factors as effective obstacles in the commercialization , while the quantitative approach findings included the prioritization of all main and sub-factors. The research results showed that the main obstacles included financial and economic issues, lack of skilled and capable human resources, the immaturity level of technology, inadequate collaboration between the Iran Space Research Institute and industrial centers, and the absence of suitable customer-employer networks, with sub-categories of these factors also being prioritized. The quantitative findings of the research showed that in terms of economic and financial issues, the factor of the "lack of sufficient governmental funding for profitable researches", in terms of skilled and capable human resources, "salaries and wages" and in terms of technological maturity, "weak ability to buy licenses of products related to researches" in terms of customer-employer network,"insufficient information due to weak information systems" and in terms of the research institute-industry cooperation, " insufficient knowledge of the industry related to institute and its potential and the industry's weak trust to the center's research results and participation in related investments have been the most important sub-factors in commercialization of research findings and research institute products, and managers should prioritize solving these problems.

This research was carried out with the aim of analyzing the strategies of improving the relationship of Ilam University with industry and society and using quantitative methodology. The statistical population of the research was 247 members of the academic faculty of Ilam University and experts of the economic sectors. Using Cochran's formula, a statistical sample of 78 people was estimated and they were studied by stratified random sampling. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire whose validity was confirmed by using the opinion of 3 faculty members of Ilam University and its reliability was confirmed by calculating Cronbach's alpha (0.84). Data analysis was done using SmartPLS and SPSS software. The conceptual model of the research was the five factors of laws and regulations, database system design, structure design, communication and motivation, which was used to evaluate the reliability of the model, using confirmatory factor analysis with the SmartPLS software. The evaluation of the overall fit of the model was done with the GOF criterion. The test value for the model fit index was equal to 0.695. Therefore, it can be said that the model of industry-university relationship structures had a high fit and the sub-indices of industry-university relationship structures were also of good internal and external coherence. The results showed that one of the components of improving the relationship between Ilam University and economic sectors is the compilation of a comprehensive information bank about existing businesses in the province and the compilation of a database of professors, specialties, skills and study projects conducted in Ilam University.

The process of research and development in business identifies the needs or capacities in each business. In this process, other issues such as generating ideas, examining opinions and hypotheses, designing, producing, introducing and publishing a product, serving and performing a new way of producing or creatively presenting a product in a simple and easy way are dealt with. Most of the businesses, whether small or big, their units and different departments need to carry out the research and development process. Businesses use it for their progress. The present study aims to identify effective strategies on research and development in the domestic automotive industry and to study the implementation processes of domestic research and development based on their priority.

In this study, in order to measure and evaluate the status of effective factors; First, the effective strategies in the management of research and development in the automotive industry are identified, then the weighting coefficients related to the identified indicators are determined and prioritized using the fuzzy best-worst decision-making method (FBWM) using the triangular fuzzy gray relationship analysis method with interval values.

The results of the research showed that, three factors of business strategy, support policies and investment attraction with a weighted combination of 0.375 are effective on the formation of the current situation. According to, choosing a joint research and development strategy is a suitable option that will organize the costs of this field.

In order to grow and gain a competitive advantage, the domestic automotive industry must interact with successful companies in the world's automotive industry, and develop joint venture processes in the field of research and development by obtaining the support of managers and politicians in this industry.

The policies and development process of urban entrepreneurship are the guides of entrepreneurs in the creation and growth of entrepreneurship in the social context of cities. The metropolis of Tehran, with a population of about 18 million and more than thousands of workers, has a very high percentage of employment in the entrepreneurial sector of the metropolises of our country. The purpose of this research is to identify the dimensions and components of policies and the development process of urban entrepreneurship in the social context of Tehran city in order to formulate a comprehensive model of urban entrepreneurship in order to reduce social harms. The research method is combined with the sequential-exploratory design, the method used by the foundation data theory in the and the survey method in the quantitative part and in terms of the applied-developmental goal. The statistical community is a qualitative part of experts, specialists and knowledgeable people in the field of entrepreneurship and urban entrepreneurship who have executive records at the decision-making levels in the field of urban entrepreneurship, who responded to the researcher-made questionnaire based on the validation of the conceptual model.The findings of this research showed; The policy model and development process of urban entrepreneurship in the social framework of Tehran has 6 main components including; Social factors, politics and laws, urban economy, good urban governance, urban cultural factors and urban physical factors along with 50 sub-indices. Also, in the quantitative part, the data of this research was confirmed with the help of structural equation test.