Journal of Medicinal and Chemical Sciences
Volume:7 Issue: 4, Apr 2024

Nowadays the problem of food allergy is of great importance. It impairs the quality of life of people all over the world. People suffer from food allergies starting from the earliest period of life. Usually, people get antihistamine remedies with a variety of side effects. Food allergy may be caused by various allergens and its development depends on different factors. The aetio-pathogenic treatment used to be elaborated. Gut microbiota plays a crucial role in maintaining of homeostasis of any organism with a gastro-intestinal tract. Human beings are not exceptions. The human gastrointestinal tract is enormously colonized by various microorganisms, which localize predominantly in the colon in a symbiotic relationship with the host. Impairment of microbiota function causes different diseases of the host including food allergy. The work aims to analyse the literature of the last decade (2013-2023) to reveal the connection between the condition of microbiota and its role in the development of food allergy. Scientific articles from MEDLINE-PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases were analysed in the work. A set of "MeSH terms" was created to remove a large number of irrelevant papers during the manual search. It was settled that the content of microbiota and its functional activity is of great importance for food allergy development both in infants and adults. The main problem lies in the synthesis of the short-chain fatty acids and their interrelation. The characteristics of the colon epithelial barrier, its adhesive qualities, and permeability, which depend on the functional activity of microbiota, also influence on development of food allergy. Intestinal microbiota is essential for maintaining of intestinal epithelial barrier, which plays one of the pivotal roles in intestinal health and provides homeostasis keeping. Microbiota destruction by antibiotics or other exogenic/endogenic factors leads to impairment of the intestinal epithelial barrier, which in turn serves as a trigger of inflammation and allows pathogens and allergens passage from the intestinal cavity into the bloodstream.

Duodenal obstruction is a common congenital abnormality in neonates, frequently resulting in mortality due to delayed treatment and postoperative complications. The delay in treatment often stems from suboptimal patient conditions for surgery, underscoring the critical role of laboratory examinations in guiding perioperative decisions. This study aims to investigate the relationship between preoperative laboratory parameters and mortality in neonates with duodenal obstruction. This descriptive-analytic study with a retrospective cohort design was conducted on neonates with duodenal obstruction treated at Dr. Soetomo Regional Public Hospital (RSUD Dr. Soetomo) in Surabaya from 2016 to 2023. This study comprised 56 subjects, including 33 females (58.9%) and 23 males (41.1%). The p-values of the factors, in order of their influence on mortality, were as follows: platelet count (p = 0.002), hemoglobin level (p = 0.086), and age at surgery (p = 0.086). Correspondingly, the odds ratios (OR) for each factor were determined as follows: 4.048 for age at surgery, 4.259 for hemoglobin level, and 6.206 for platelet count. Platelet count demonstrated the highest accuracy value at 71.4%, with a sensitivity of 70.8% and specificity of 76.7%. Hemoglobin level exhibited an accuracy value of 67.8%, a sensitivity of 62.5%, and a specificity of 71.9%, while age at surgery showed an accuracy value of 66%, a sensitivity of 70.8%, and a specificity of 62.5%. In neonates with duodenal obstruction, a significant association exists between age at surgery, hemoglobin level, and platelet count with mortality. Among these factors, platelet count emerges as the most influential.

Physical activity creates an imbalance between the production of free radicals and the body's antioxidant defense system, known as oxidative stress. Physical activity increases the need for oxygen, improving free radical products. Thus, causing increased levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GLU), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) can be overcome by consuming honey that contains antioxidants. This study aimed to determine the effect of honey administration on the physical activity of MDA, GLU, and SOD blood levels in male Wistar rats. Rats were then divided into 5 groups: healthy control, negative control, and M1 to 3 (giving 2.0, 2.5, and 3.0 g/kg BW (gram per kilogram body weight) of honey twice weekly for 8 weeks). High-intensity swimming exercises were performed for 1 h/day, 5 days/week for 8 weeks. According to the manual kit, the blood levels of MDA, GLU, and SOD were carried out by the ELISA method. Administration of 3 g/kg BW of honey significantly decreased MDA blood level (49.18 ± 0.74 ng/mL) and increased SOD blood level (132.43±10.30 pg/mL) compared to all groups (p < 0.05). The blood level of GLU significantly increased in all honey compared to the negative control, but no significant (p > 0.05) difference existed between honey groups. It may be possible that honey supplementation following physical exercise would effectively attenuate the antioxidant status.

The current reliance on chemical vector control methods raises concerns about their long-term environmental impact. To address these concerns, we need to explore alternative vector control strategies that are environmentally friendly, effective, efficient, and safe for human health. One promising approach involves the use of plant essential oils. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of residual waste clove leaf oil (Syzygium aromaticum) as an exterminator of Anopheles sp. larvae This study used experimental methods carried out at the Entomology Laboratory of Donggala Health Research and Development Institute. It used third-instar Anopheles sp. larvae obtained from the field. The material used is clove leaf oil, which is a by-product of the distillation of clove leaves. The solution used to kill Anopheles sp. larvae uses five different concentrations, specifically 0.006%, 0.007%, 0.008%, 0.009%, and 0.01%. This study shows the ability of waste clove leaf oil (Syzygium aromaticum) to eradicate Anopheles sp. larvae with lethal power LC50 at a concentration of 0.005%. The study found that the number of Anopheles sp. larvae that died varied significantly depending on the concentration of the solution. The difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Waste clove leaf oil (Syzygium aromaticum) can be used as an ingredient to eradicate Anopheles sp. larvae.

Data shows that one fifth of children in the world suffer from mental and behavioral disorders and the majority of them are teenagers aged 10-19 years. Family characteristics are related to adolescent mental emotional, where research on this is still controversial. To analyze the correlation between family characteristics and the risk of behavioral, psychosocial, and emotional disorders in adolescents.  Analytical observational research with a cross sectional research design. The study sample was 600 teenage students at SMPN 8 Surabaya aged 12-17 years who met the inclusion criteria selected using simple sampling. Descriptive analysis was performed to determine behavioral, psychosocial, emotional profiles of adolescents, and family characteristics. The relationship between family characteristics and the risk of behavioral, psychosocial and emotional developmental disorders in adolescents using chi-square. Multivariate analysis was done to assess the Odds Ratio. Of the 600 students, it was found that 179 (29.8%) teenagers were at risk of behavioral, psychosocial, and emotional disorders using the Pediatric Symptom Checklist-17 instrument. There is a significant relationship (p-value <0.05) between gender (p<0.01; OR 2.256), parents' marital status (p<0.03, OR: 1.756), family harmony (p<0.001; OR 3.378), closeness to parents (p<0.001; OR 3.876), factors such as parental education, parental employment, and parental income were not significantly related to the risk of adolescent behavioral, psychosocial and emotional disorders. Family characteristics correlated with the risk of behavioral, psychosocial and emotional disorders in adolescents.

This study investigates the effectiveness of Kaempferol, a compound extracted from broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica), as a catalyst in controlling melanin production through its interaction with the tyrosinase protein. Utilizing a variety of computational tools, including Pymol, Pyrex, Protein Plus, and Lepinski Rule software, the study explores Kaempferol's binding affinity with tyrosinase and its molecular properties. The findings reveal Kaempferol's notable binding scores with tyrosinase and its structural stability as indicated by RMSD analysis. Furthermore, Protein Plus software confirms the interaction between Kaempferol and tyrosinase protein. Lipinski's analysis of Kaempferol shows it meets key pharmacokinetic properties like molecular weight, hydrogen bond formation potential, and reactivity. These insights establish a preliminary understanding of Kaempferol's role as a catalyst in melanin synthesis regulation, suggesting its potential application in treating skin pigment disorders.

Different COVID-19 vaccines can affect various body systems, including the immune system, leading to distinctions in immune responses like natural killer cell cytotoxic activity, complement system function, and B-cell antibody production among vaccinated and non-vaccinated individuals. In Jordan, so far, there is no study exploring these immune response variations for four COVID-19 vaccines, along with the factors influencing the response and post-vaccination clinical outcomes. This study focuses on the humoral responses of 350 adult participants. Through participant interviews, one blood sample was collected for subsequent laboratory testing, utilizing the Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) method to examine the presence of COVID-19 antibodies in participants' plasma. A Chi-square test was performed to test for the statistical significance. Our results indicate significant differences in positive antibody response efficiency (p value > 0.001) among participants who received two or three doses of COVID-19 inactivated and mRNA vaccines. The order of higher positive antibody frequency is as follows: Pfizer (90.5%), Sputnik V (88.1%), Sinopharm (78.8%), and AstraZeneca (65.8%). There is a noticeable inclination towards the efficacy of the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine, evidenced by the highest levels of antibodies in recipients of this vaccine. Our study revealed that various factors, including gender, age, and smoking status prior to infection, play a role in significant contributors affecting immune response and influencing the effectiveness of these vaccines. All the four types of COVID-19 vaccines administered in Jordan demonstrated effectiveness. We recommend studying the ability of B lymphocytes present in the peripheral blood and the effect of T- regulatory cells by flow cytometry in recipients who have high positive titers.

Herbal medicines are currently widely used, both in developing and developed countries. Herbal medicines with combinations of ingredients have complex chemical compositions, so identification of therapeutic effects is needed to support the use of these drugs in clinical decisions. The study aims to identify the therapeutic effects of the herbal medicine Sambiloto-Ginger-Turmeric (SIJAKUN) using in silico. A search for secondary metabolites in Sijakun was obtained from the KnapSack database, and then treatment predictions were carried out using WAY2DRUGPASS. After that, pharmacokinetic analysis was carried out using SwissADME. Protein targets that can interact with SIJAKUN using STITCH DB and SEA targets. Hypergeometric Test with Multiple Testing Correction Benjamini-Hochberg False Discovery Rate (FDR) was used as a statistical test. The combination of herbal medicine SIJAKUN has dominant properties as an anti-inflammatory and P53 stimulant via the JUN/AP-1 pathway. SIJAKUN meets the pharmacokinetic criteria to be used as a drug. However, it is less effective for absorption in the intestine. SIJAKUN can be used as an anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptosis drug, but laboratory tests and further research are needed regarding drug preparations to increase absorption in the intestine.

This study aims to determine the effect of variations in chitosan concentration as a polymer on the physical characteristics, mucoadhesive properties, and dissolution profiles of mucoadhesive tablets in carrier microspheres. Mucoadhesive tablets are made using the direct felt method. In making mucoadhesive tablets, three different concentrations of E. palmifolia extract compared to chitosan are used, including F1 (1:1), F2 (1:2), and F3 (1:3). Eleutherine palmifolia (L.) Merr is used as the active ingredient and chitosan is used as a polymer. Evaluation of the physical characteristics of mucoadhesive tablets includes tests for uniformity of content, size, hardness, brittleness, and crushing time. In addition, mucoadhesive properties are also evaluated, including expandability tests, wash-off tests, and dissolution tests. The measurement of content uniformity showed no significant difference from the three formulas with no significant difference (p > 0.606). The uniformity test results of size, hardness, brittleness, crushing time, and the wash-off test showed a significant difference by the significant difference in each test sequentially of 0.012, 0.018, 0.028, 0.000, and 0.004. Dissolution tests were carried out with simulated gastric fluid (SGF) pH 1.2 and simulated intestinal fluid (SIF) pH 6.8 dissolution media using a type 2 dissolution tester (paddle), and dissolution level measurements were carried out with UV-Vis spectrophotometer at a maximum wavelength of 340.5 nm. The dissolution values of the three mucoadhesive tablet formulas in simulated gastric fluid (SGF) pH 1.2 media and the median simulated intestinal fluid (SIF) pH 6.8 showed significant differences (p < 0.000).

Pain is generally known as the fifth vital sign. It can trigger a stress response and stimulate adrenergic-sympathetic activity, causing tachycardia and hypertension and increasing oxygen consumption. Delirium is an acute disturbance of consciousness in the form of inattention, disorganized thoughts, and perceptual disturbances that change in a short time. Undiagnosed pain and delirium can lead to increased infection rates, prolonged mechanical ventilation, hemodynamic compromise, delirium, and compromised immunity. To determine the relationship between pain and delirium in intubated patients in the ICU of Haji Adam Malik Hospital using CPOT to assess pain and CAM ICU to assess delirium. This study used a cross-sectional observational analytic design with a quantitative approach. This study was conducted to determine the relationship between pain and delirium using the CPOT and CAM ICU scales in patients who were intubated at Haji Adam Malik General Hospital Medan during January 2023-February 2023. The relationship between pain and delirium had a p-value of 0.001, a significant relationship because p-value was< 0.05%. There is a significant relationship between pain and delirium (p = 0.001).