نشریه مطالعات فقه و حقوق رسانه
سال دوم شماره 2 (پیاپی 4، پاییز و زمستان 1399)

Elderliness is a biological process that encompasses all living beings, including humans. It involves various physiological and psychological interpretations, along with different social actions and reactions, leading to certain limitations. The first important principle in supporting the elderly is their independence. Considering the extensive use of media by the elderly and the increasing elderly population in the country, the media can prepare society for successful and active aging by creating and delivering programs with appropriate content and structure. On the other hand, the media serves as a material tool for message transmission and can play a significant role in explaining and promoting elderly rights. However, this taol can also be subject to misuse and become an instrument in denying elderly rights. This research aims to explore the role of mediaand its impact on elderly rights using a descriptive-analytical method. The results indicate that the media has been able to play a prominent role in promoting elderly rights and preventing their violation.

Article 307 of the civil law identifies four categories as causes and sources of civil liability, namely: damage, causation, usurpation, and Istifa. Although this law stipulates that the act causing harm must fall under one of these four sources to establish civil liability, Article 1 of the civil liability law considers any detrimental action as a potential source for civil liability, regardless of a specific behavioral framework. Consequently, this article aims to explore the potential formation of sources of civil liability in the virtual space as governed by civil law.

The aim of this research is to analyze the trend of scholarly publications in the field of women's rights and media from 1990 to 2022. The research method employed descriptive approach with a scientometric perspective. For this purpose, a total of 230 documents in the field of women's rights and media were retrieved from the Web of Science database as text files and stored on a personal computer. These documents were selected as the research community. Data analysis was conducted using HistCite and VOSviewer software tools. The findings revealed that the highest number of documents in the field of women's rights and media were published in the journal "Feminist Media Studies" with 7 titles, accounting for 3% of the total publications. Among the authors, Tufail from the University of Leeds, United Kingdom, had the highest number of publications with 2 documents, receiving 1 local citation and 51 global citations, thus dominating both the local and global citations in the field of women's rights and media. Furthermore, the results showed that 65 countries contributed to the publications in the field of women's rights and media. The United States had the highest number of publications with 65 (32.01%), followed by  the United Kingdom with 31 documents (13.47%), and Spain with 15 documents (6.52%), ranking first, second, and third, respectively. More than 42% of the publications in the field of women's rights and media were authored by authors from these three countries. Iranian authors did not publish any documents  in the field of women's rights and media in this database. Co-occurrence analysis of keywords revealed the formation of 9 clusters in this field, with the keyword "women's rights" having the highest co-occurrence frequency of 40, a link strength of 89, and 49 edges, indicating its strong association with other keywords. Overall, although the scientific outcomes in the field of women's rights and media show an upward trend, they are relatively low in terms of quantity and citation reception.

It is evident that when society prioritizes the preservation of its honor over the honor of its individuals, any action that harms the honor of the community and leads to changes in how others perceive them, resulting in disgrace and contempt from other nations, will be considered forbidden by the Almighty. It goes without saying that those who spread obscenities, disseminate immoral news among Muslims, attribute falsehoods and indecencies to them, cause the destruction of Islamic society's honor, tarnish their reputation in the eyes of others, and certainly do not please the Shariah. Considering all the evidence, it can be concluded that reporting and reproducing sinful acts as news is strictly forbidden. However, if the reporting is true and accurate, and the dissemination of such information serves a purpose, based on verse 19 of Surah Nur, it will be deemed independently forbidden. Today, the focus should be on promoting Islamic ethics within society, refraining from spreading obscenities and immorality among believers. It is self-evident that when someone transmits a sin to others, the sense of abhorrence and repugnance towards that sin gradually diminishes, and the dissemination of obscene news can lead to other corruptions, such as the prevalence of pessimism, erosion of trust, or the distortion of the image of the Muslim community among other nations. These are some of the adverse consequences arising from the dissemination of obscenities.

Artificial intelligence (Al) is one of the branches of computer science that focuses on developing intelligent machines and technologies. The introduction of Al in various fields has doubled the need for examining this subject due to its novelty, insufficient understanding, and lack of clear legislation. Media, as one of the main pillars of today's generation's life and pervasive communication, has played a vibrant and important role in the development of education and culture within societies and families. The integration of Al with new tools and technologies, including media, provides capabilities beyond the past, enabling the impact and analysis of societal information, which challenges concepts such as freedom of expression, privacy, audience rights, and consumer rights. These challenges can cause serious harm to families, which are considered the most important pillar of society. The intellectual property rights system serves technology and development to benefit society by encouraging individuals to expand their creativity and innovation through protection. However, all these topics should be based on public order, good ethics, and the welfare of society. Therefore, in this research, we examine how to deal with the support or lack of support for Al technologies, which can be risky for families and society. Additionally, we explore the appropriate approach towards media that are not under the Iranian intellectual property rights system.

The occurrence of the Islamic Revolution in Iran as a significant revolution based on religious and cultural foundations has brought about profound transformations in all aspects of Iranian society. Cinema, which is one of the most important tools for creating culture in societies, has also been affected by this transformative process However, were laws based on religious and revolutionary principles formulated for managing the cinema domain, similar to other fields? Does the higher-level documentation of the Islamic Republic of Iran include a codified law regarding the portrayal of revolutionary values on the cinema screen? Which category of women's rights has been violated on the cinema screen? Has there been an executive guarantee for the representation of Iranian women on the screen in a manner contrary to Islamic and Iranian values in the laws of the Islamic Republic of Iran? It appears that while Iranian cinema has not been untouched by the post-lslamic Revolution developments, shortcomings in terms of superficial es, lac comprehensive cultural policies, and led to distortion in the management of the cinema industry throughout four decades of different governments’ activities, with varying policies, approaches, and ideals. This research seeks to demonstrate and prove instances of women's rights violations in Iranian cinema by examining forty films produced over mare than four presenting the model of of the Iranian Muslim woman has been lost.