Space Ontology International Journal
Volume:12 Issue: 4, Autumn 2023

Iranian Bazaar, as one of the most prominent public areas of the city, have always been a platform for establishing citizen interactions and forming social activities. Following the developments of modernism, the architectural system of the Bazaar, especially the historical Bazaar of Zanjan, suffered much damage in the physical-spatial dimension, in such a way that the structural integrity of this historical complex is distorted to a significant extent and as a result, the level of sociability of the users of the space has also decreased. In order to regenerate the social relations and exchanges of Zanjan Bazaar, this research has tried to explain the solutions for organizing its physical-spatial system, and in this way, it has used a mixed methodology approach based on library and field studies. Field data was prepared by distributing a closed questionnaire and conducting semi-structured interviews with businesses of Zanjan Bazaar with a volume of 297 and 21 people. The results of measuring the significant relationships between the physical-spatial dimensions of Zanjan Bazaar and the sociability of the environment with the Pearson correlation test in the SPSS statistical analysis show that there is a direct and significant relationship between these two variables. This means that if the physical-spatial structure of Bazaar is improved, the level of interaction and social activities of the users will also be improved. The findings of the interview in order to understand the physical-spatial damage and challenges of the Zanjan Bazaar indicate that the most fundamental challenge of Bazaar is related to physical access indicators and aesthetic factors and the lowest amount of damage is related to factors of location, form, geometry, and flexibility. Considering the obtained results, solutions were also suggested in the direction of the social regeneration of Bazaar based on the existing physical-spatial challenges.

The destruction of historic residential buildings of Sabzevar city in recent renovations has increased the need for documenting the housing of Sabzevar. Documenting these buildings requires recognizing indigenous and original patterns that can be interpreted as a "housing types". In this article, typology of Sabzevar city’s houses and its analysis in order to explanation continuity of physical identity of Sabzevar city’s Houses have been specifically discussed. The main questions of this study are “What are the types of houses in Sabzevar City?” and also “How has the continuity of physical identity been in the housing types of Sabzevar city?” and to answer to these questions, the study uses cases study method combined within analytical-descriptive method. Based on this study, it can be claimed that “typology” and “typological process” are suitable processes for analyzing the “continuity” of physical identity. The results show that there are fifteen types of housing in the city of Sabzevar from the Qajar until now, among which, five types are related to the Qajar, five types are related to the first Pahlavi, two types are related to the second Pahlavi and three types are related to the Islamic Republic. The results of analysis of typology of Sabzevar city’s houses indicate that the types of houses in Sabzevar city have characteristics such as distinction, change and plurality due to the passage of time, and the houses of this city has lost its physical identity due to the passage of time.

Statement: 

There have been changes in the architecture of contemporary Syrian buildings adjacent to historic buildings, which poses a threat to the identity of the historic neighborhood.

provide comprehensive guidelines for reconstructing residential buildings damaged in the war so that the contemporary building, while preserving the values of the historic building, can also express the spirit of contemporary architecture. 

The method: 

is descriptive-analytical using resources and field observation. After conducting interviews and analyzing data; the indicators have been extracted according to the SWOT method, then the indicators have been weighed according to the AHP method, and points have been presented.

The opportunity of Rebuilding residential buildings according to the neighborhood's identity is more than a threat, and strength is more important than weakness at this stage. It also shows apparent advantages in the post-war reconstruction of Homs, which preserves its identity and confirms its spirit without compromising its sense of place.

The lived experience of million years of human beings has been originated and evolved in nature. The connection between man and nature plays a fundamental role to respond his physical and mental needs. The increasing manifestations of industry and technology, simultaneously lifestyle changes in the contemporary era, have led to rise dissociation of urban environments from nature. Accordingly, numerous problems, such as; loss of biological species, deforestation, global warming, traffic, air pollution, etc., appear in the present cities. Consequently, Human beings; as the main stakeholders of urban spaces, have been suffered from various physical and mental problems, such as; movement disorders, hypertension, diabetes, alienation to the environment, neurological diseases, depression, anger, etc. due to the nature receding processes. Therefore, it is more necessary to address the approach, through human-nature reconnection by creation, revive and restoration nature aspects in urban spaces. In this regard, the research problem raised from the main question: What are the issues of Biophilic paradigm in urban planning and design? This research is based on the content analysis for systematic review (PRISMA).Accordingly, articles with keywords selected and screened from comprehensive scientific databases and the selected final articles were analyzed in-depth, to extract and define while expressing the Biophilic concept of urban planning and design, its dimensions, components and criteria. Biophilic urban development is a comprehensive approach; principally deals with the interaction of functional, structural and meaning dimensions, embodied environmental, sociocultural, economic, institutional , city spatial and time duration scales, simultaneously sensory design components and the embodied natural features. Consequently, enriched accessible natural urban spaces can directed to people wellbeing and their responsibility toward the natural values of the environment.

As a first lesson of architectural design, among the basic courses, the Architectural Basic Design is very important. Strengthening the power of visualization, imagination and thinking ability of students, understanding the structural elements of the building, dealing with the physical areas, is the purpose of the Architectural Basic Design. The purpose of the study is trying to depict the effect of studio teaching methods (Integrated and disintegrated teaching of required courses), on the architecture students motivation and creativity. The following methods were quantitative. For this purpose, the exercises of the Architectural Basic Design, for students in their second semester by two methods of combination (simultaneous teaching of basic courses under a single program) and disintegration (Independent teaching of basic courses) has been considered. The test has been carried out by two groups of students in each of the above studio education systems. The Valrand motivation questionnaire and Abedi creativity questionnaire are used for the measurement of motivation and creativity. As a result, teaching Architectural Basic Design alongside other required parallel courses, increases intrinsic and extrinsic motivation and reduces their lack of motivation. With increasing motivation, novice learners will have the ability to create new ideas and will be able to expand it due to their abilities and this means that the creativity has increased. As a result, integrated education of basic courses is more dynamic education due to the increased motivation and creativity of the students.

Conventional wisdom, as an interdisciplinary concept, plays a significant role in shaping daily behavior and the long-term use of spaces, particularly in residential complexes. Despite its importance, there has been limited research in architecture that has addressed and explored the relationship between conventional wisdom and architecture, as well as its impact on the use and formation of spaces. The main problem addressed in this paper is the need to understand the relation between conventional wisdom and architecture, and how conventional wisdom affects the use and formation of spaces within residential complexes. The research method employed in this paper is both quantitative and qualitative, with data being analyzed using interpretative-analytical techniques. Data collection was carried out through observations and interviews. Through a review of the literature, the research model was proposed by parameters of rationality, collective cognition, and reality with four minor dimensions including social, cultural, functional, and physical. The study results indicate a significant relationship between architecture and conventional wisdom in residential complexes, particularly in the social and physical dimensions. The findings highlight the importance of public spaces as micro-components of the social dimension, and emphasizing the need for compliance with proportions, legibility of form, and visual diversity as part of the physical dimensions. Conclusions emphasizes the importance of considering conventional wisdom in architectural design in residential complexes. Also, among the others, social and physical dimension by legible public places and visual diversity has main role of relation between conventional wisdom and architecture. These conclusions can be utilized by designers and researchers working in residential complexes to understand better the impact of conventional wisdom on architectural design and the use of public spaces within these complexes.