International Journal of Body, Mind and Culture
Volume:10 Issue: 4, Autumn 2023

Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) is prevalent in adolescent populations worldwide. Emotion dysregulation and emotional inhibition are believed to contribute to NSSI. This study assessed the impact of acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) on cognitive emotion regulation and emotional inhibition in self-injurious preadolescents.

The present semi-experimental study was conducted with a pretest-posttest design and a control group. The statistical population of the study included all preadolescent girls with NSSI who had been referred to Tehran Counseling Center , Tehran, Iran, in 2019. A purposeful sampling method was used to select 30 preadolescent girls with NSSI for this controlled study. The participants were randomly divided into two experimental and control groups (15 participants per group) to attend weekly training sessions. The data collection tools used included the Deliberate Self-Harm Inventory (DSHI; Gratz, 2001) and Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ; Gross & John, 2003). The experimental group then underwent ACT (Cardaciotto, Herbert, Forman, Moitra, & Farrow, 2008) for 8 weekly 90-minute sessions, whereas the control group received no training. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS software.

The results showed that ACT was effective on cognitive emotion regulation (F = 18.09; P = 0.001) and emotional inhibition (F = 21.54; P = 0.001) in self-injurious preadolescents. Univariate analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) revealed significant differences between the study groups in terms of cognitive emotional regulation (F = 18.09; P = 0.001) and emotional inhibition (F = 21.54; P = 0.001).

The results showed that ACT had a positive impact on cognitive emotion regulation and emotional inhibition in adolescents with NSSI.

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a common mood disorder. It has been shown that adolescents are more likely to experience depression during this term, with high recurrence rates and poor functional outcomes. The central purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of family therapy on the psychological capital dimensions of adolescents with MDD.

The study was quasi-experimental, with a pre-test, post-test, and control group. The statistical population of this study was all adolescents with MDD who were referred to psychological clinics in Tehran, Iran, from October to December 2022. In this study, 30 eligible patients were selected and invited to take part purposefully. Researchers randomly divided the participants into two groups: a family therapy counseling group (n = 15) and a control group (n = 15). The interventions were held in eight 90-minute sessions, one session per week, and were designed and implemented to enable adolescents with MDD to promote their psychological capital dimensions based on the family therapy protocol. Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) and Psychological Capital Questionnaire (PCQ) were administered. Data were analyzed with SPSS software using multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA).

Family therapy intervention had a positive and significant effect on resilience (P < 0.001, F = 22.08), self-efficacy (P < 0.001, F = 18.54), hope (P < 0.001, F = 29.37), and optimism (P < 0.001, F = 21.50) in adolescents with major depression.

Family therapy increased resilience, self-efficacy, hope, and optimism in patients with MDD. Therefore, family therapy for adolescents with MDD is recommended to increase the psychological capital dimensions and improve their quality of life (QOL).

 Asthma is one of the major prevalent chronic illnesses in the world, and it can lead to psychological disorders. The current research aimed to examine the effects of acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) on anxiety and depression of patients with asthma.

 The current research was a randomized clinical trial with pre-test, post-test, and follow-up stages. The statistical population included 827 patients with asthma referred to Baghdad Allergy Institute, Baghdad, Iraq, in 2022. Using simple random sampling, 120 people were chosen and separated into both experimental and control groups. The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II) and Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) were utilized to collect data. Data were analyzed utilizing the chi-square test, independent t-test, two-way repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA), and Bonferroni post hoc test via SPSS software, with the statistical significance level equal to 0.05.

 ACT was effective on the anxiety (F = 9.74, P < 0.001) and depression (F = 10.24, P < 0.001) of patients with asthma.

 It can be concluded that ACT has decreased anxiety and depression in patients with asthma. Consequently, hospital medical staff must pay special attention to ACT.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has caused devastating experiences and problems for many people in many financial aspects, getting laid off from work, and losing their loved one. These problems may cause both direct or indirect pains and scares, mentally and emotionally. Arts may be used as a method of healing for such conditions which provides a moment to self-healing for the participants of the art exhibition. The purpose of this research was to promote a new understanding regarding the art function as a healing method to help people heal from their depression due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

This research applies a descriptive and quantitative approach in accommodating parametric and non-parametric analytic measurements, based on the questionnaires that have been collected from 77 participants of the art exhibition. The inner wound self-healing focused on the simultaneous activation of the five senses: sight, hearing, smell, taste, and touch, to sync the pain experiences with the prepared, meaningful art works. The researcher applies healing music as a stimulus of the exhibition. The event was equipped with a pre-test (before entering the art exhibition) and post-test (after experiencing the art works exhibition) as the source data for the parametric and non-parametric statistical measurements.

The results of the study using non-parametric test showed that there was a positive influence of the art works towards research participants’ feelings, while in the parametric test, there was no positive influence of the art works towards research participants’ feelings.

Based on the research, researchers suggest the use of Hidden Sense of People Likert Scale (HSPLS instrument) to measure the gray area of people’s decision making. The HSPLS instrument will help make simultaneous and digital measurement of the decision making that involves the responding time and the direction of the response by the participants.

Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) is a common symptom of psychiatric disorders. The main aim of the current study was to explain the role of three specific aspects of executive functioning (EF) (impulsivity, cognitive flexibility, and metacognitive thinking) in the prediction of adolescent NSSI.

This was a descriptive and correlational study. The statistical population consisted of all online responders in Iran under the age of 18, in the year 2022-2023. An online sample of 250 individuals was selected using voluntary sampling. The subjects completed the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale-11 (BIS-11(, Cognitive Flexibility Inventory-Iranian Version (CFI-I), the Metacognitions Questionnaire-30 (MCQ-30), and Deliberate Self-Harm Inventory (DSHI). To analyze data, descriptive statistics, correlation matrix, Pearson correlation coefficient, and multiple regression method with SPSS software were used.

The patients with deliberate self-harm (DSH) showed a positive and significant relationship between impulsivity and self-harm (r = 0.526, P < 0.001). Besides, there was a negative and significant relationship between the variable of cognitive flexibility and self-harm (r = -0.519, P < 0.001). Research has suggested an association between NSSI behaviors in adolescence and deficits in EF.

According to the study, metacognitive thinking and impulsivity were significantly associated with self-harm. More research is needed to understand the implications of such deficits, and if the results could be used for adapting treatment services and strategies.

Stomach cancer is one of the most common cancers and can cause psychological problems and negatively impact patients' lives. The present research evaluated the effect of acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) on anxiety and quality of life (QOL) in stomach cancer patients.

The present semi-experimental study was conducted with a pretest-posttest design and a control group. The statistical population consisted of 738 stomach cancer patients who visited Hiwa Cancer Hospital in Sulaymaniyah, Iraq, in 2022. Using simple random sampling, 150 people were selected and divided into two experimental and control groups (75 each). The Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI; Beck et al., 1988) and SF-36 Quality of Life Questionnaire (Ware & Sherbourne, 1992) were used to collect data. The collected data were analyzed using the independent t-test, chi-square test, and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) in SPSS software. The significance level was considered to be less than 0.05.

The study findings showed that ACT had a significant effect on decreasing anxiety (F = 130.91; P < 0.001), and increasing QOL (F = 110.01; P < 0.001) in stomach cancer patients.

The results indicated that ACT affects the level of anxiety and the QOL of patients with gastric cancer and while reducing anxiety, it increases their QOL. Consequently, it is recommended that treatment personnel consider ACT as an effective psychological intervention in these patients.

Oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) is one of the most common childhood manifesting disorders, and the mother's distress is an essential predictor for ODD. The present study aimed to compare the effectiveness of mindfulness-based parenting and choice theory parenting programs on parenting stress in mothers of children with ODD.

This semi-experimental study was conducted with a pretest-posttest design with the control group. The population consisted of all mothers with children of 7-12 years old with ODD in Tehran, Iran. Forty-five mothers were selected and then randomly divided into two experimental groups (each group with 15 people) and one control group (15 people) using the convenience sampling method. The experimental groups underwent mindfulness-based parenting (8 sessions of 90 minutes) and choice theory parenting (12 sessions of 90 minutes) programs, but the control group remained on the waiting list. To collect the data, Hommersen et al.’s Oppositional Defiant Disorder Rating Scale (ODDRS) and Abidin’s Parenting Stress Index-Short Form (PSI-SF) were used. Data analysis was performed using SPSS software.

Mindfulness-based parenting and choice theory parenting programs were effective on decreasing parenting stress in mothers (P < 0.05). In addition, the results showed that mindfulness-based parenting was more effective than the choice theory parenting program (P < 0.05).

It can be concluded that mindfulness-based parenting and choice theory parenting programs can be used as a treatment method for parenting stress in mothers with children with ODD in counseling centers.

Skin diseases, such as psoriasis, are associated with significant psychological and social disabilities. Thus, the present study was conducted with the aim of comparing the effects of classical cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) and compassion focused therapy (CFT) on psychological distress and quality of life (QOL) of patients with psoriasis.

The present study was a quasi-experimental research with a pretest-posttest design, follow-up, and a control group. The statistical population of the present study included all patients with psoriasis who referred to skin treatment centers in Tehran, Iran, between December and February 2019. From among them, 60 people were selected using a convenience sampling method and after matching them, they were assigned to three groups (20 people in each group). The participants of experimental group 1 received 10 sessions of classical CBT and the participants of experimental group 2 received 7 sessions of CFT, but the control group did not receive any training. The Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10 and K6‎; 2002) and World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQOL‎-BREF; 1996) questionnaire were used for data collection. The collected data were analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance in SPSS software.

The results showed that the effectiveness of both therapies on reducing the psychological distress and increasing the QOL of patients is significant (P < 0.01), but the effectiveness of the CFT was greater.

It seems that CFT as a selected treatment can help improve the psychological distress and QOL of patients with psoriasis by increasing kindness to self and others and managing emotions.

The difficulties with social interaction are observed in major depressive disorder (MDD). This study aimed to examine the effect of social-communication skills training on social relationships and interpersonal problems among women with MDD.

In this semi-experimental study with a pre-test and post-test design and control group, the statistical population of the study was composed of patients suffering from major depression referred to Tehran Psychiatric Institute, School of Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health, Tehran City, Iran, from September 2022 to March 2023. The sample was selected purposefully and randomly divided into the social skills training (SST) group (n = 28) and the control group (n = 29) by tossing. The training protocol was held weekly in 8 1-hour sessions for two months. The tools completed in the pre-test and post-test were Relationship Scales Questionnaire (RSQ) and Barkham et al.'s Inventory of Interpersonal Problems (IIP). The data were analyzed using the multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) method via SPSS software.

There were significant differences between the groups in terms of social relationships (F = 26.43, P = 0.001, η = 0.68) and interpersonal problems (F = 24.19, P = 0.001, η = 0.63).

These features seem to persist even in remission, although some may respond to intervention. Further research is required in this area to better understand the functional impact of these findings and how targeted therapy could aid depressed individuals with social interactions.

People with body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) have been hypothesized to have schizoid, narcissistic, and obsessional identity characteristics and to be touchy, independent, perfectionistic, and unreliable. Thus, the present study compared BDD in students with narcissistic, histrionic, and normal personality patterns.

The research method was causal-comparative and cross-sectional. The statistical population of the study included all the students of Ardabil Azad University in the second semester of the 2014-2015 academic year. Using the random cluster method, 600 students were selected and completed the Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ-34; Cooper et al., 1987), and the narcissistic and histrionic subscales of the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory-III (MCMI-III)‎. The collected data were analyzed using univariate analysis of variance (ANOVA) in SPSS software.

The results showed that there was a significant difference in BDD score between students with narcissistic, histrionic, and normal personality patterns, and the mean BDD scores in the two groups of students with narcissistic and histrionic personality patterns were higher than that in those with normal personality patterns ‎(P < 0.001).

It can be stated that these components are among the important influencing variables in personality patterns, so it is necessary to pay attention to these components in the prevention and successful treatment of the affected people.

Reliable and valid measurement tools with strong psychometric properties are crucial in the evaluation of individuals experiencing trauma-related distress in both clinical and research contexts. Thus, this study investigated the psychometric properties of the Posttraumatic Diagnostic Scale (PDS) in Iranian and German samples.

A cross-sectional collaboration was conducted between Isfahan University of Medical Sciences in Iran and Philipp University of Marburg in Germany. The study involved a total of 1196 participants, with 364 participants from Iran and 832 participants from Germany. The participants were selected from the general population as well as individuals with mood/anxiety disorders from 2017 until 2018. The questionnaires used in this study included the Demographic Checklist, Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ; Kroenke, Spitzer, & Williams‎, 2002), Screening for Somatoform Disorders-7 (SOMS-7; Rief & Hiller, 2003), and PDS (Foa et al., 1997). Factor analysis, correlations calculation, and diagnostic analysis of the data were conducted using SPSS software and R (4.3.1).

Factor analysis of the PDS did not reveal a factor structure similar to previous research. Convergent validity was demonstrated by significant correlations between PDS scores and related measures. Diagnostic validity was established as the PDS effectively discriminated between individuals with mood/anxiety disorders and healthy participants. Sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy (all of them > 0.6 except for Iranian women = 0.39) revealed how accurately the test categorizes individuals in both populations. In the Iranian sample, AUC was around 70% accuracy in differentiation. The German sample's AUC of approximately 80% diagnostic capability between healthy and affected groups. The cutoff scores of men and women were 24 and 27 in the Iranian population, and 9 and 8 in the German population, respectively. Strong internal consistency coefficients (Cronbach's alpha > 0.91) were observed for both Persian and German versions of the PDS, confirming their reliability.

The study underscores the robust psychometric attributes of the Persian and German versions of the PDS, endorsing their reliability, validity, and diagnostic potential. Variations in factor structures across cultural groups emphasize the need for culturally-sensitive psychometric assessments. The PDS emerges as a valuable cross-cultural tool for diagnosing and assessing post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), with implications for clinical practice and research in diverse populations.

Today, obesity is considered one of the most important and common problems in the field of world health, found to have a significant coexistence with many physical diseases and mental problems. The present study aimed to explain the model of bulimia nervosa based on the components of mindfulness and anxiety sensitivity with the mediating role of body image and psychosomatic symptoms in obese women.

The statistical population in this research included all patients diagnosed with obesity in the treatment centers of Tehran, Iran, in 2021. The research sample included 384 women diagnosed with obesity followed by removing the distorted questionnaires leading to 357 statistically analyzed samples. The questionnaires used in this research were the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ), the psychosomatic disorders questionnaire, the self-body questionnaire, the Anxiety Sensitivity Index-Revised (ASI-R), and the Binge Eating Scale (BES), which were completed by the subjects following the principles of ethics in the research. The findings were statistically analyzed using path analysis and descriptive and inferential indicators. Data analysis was done using the SPSS software, AMOS software, and other appropriate tests.

The model had a favorable fit in terms of statistics, and it was also found that psychosomatic symptoms as a mediating variable could not have provided a significant explanation for the prediction paths of bulimia nervosa based on anxiety sensitivity and component mindfulness (P < 0.01).

In the treatment of obese people with bulimia nervosa, paying attention to psychological and emotional indicators can be of great importance.

In patients with migraine, depression is associated with decreased mental health. However, behavioral interventions have rarely been investigated. The present study examines the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) on depression and mental health of patients with migraine.

The study was experimental, with a pre-test, a post-test, and a control group. The statistical population of this research was all people having migraine who visited Mehr and Tabib clinics in Tehran, Iran, from October to November 2022. In this study, 30 eligible patients were selected and invited to take part purposefully. Researchers randomly divided the participants into two groups: ACT according to the protocol of Timmerby et al. (n = 15) and a control group (n = 15). Eight 90-minute weekly counseling sessions were provided to the experimental group, while the control group received no intervention. Beck Depression Inventory-Second Edition (BDI-II) and the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) were administered. SPSS software conducted a multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA).

The results of ACT intervention had a positive and significant effect on depression (P < 0.001, F = 28.49, η2 = 0.496) and mental health (P < 0.001, F = 33.26, η2 = 0.543) in patients with migraine. The highest effect size (η2 = 0.54) was associated with mental health, which shows that 54% of the variance in the mental health variable between the experimental and control groups was because of the ACT.

ACT reduced depression and increased mental health in patients with migraine. Therefore, ACT is recommended for these patients to improve their mental health and quality of life (QOL).

Patients with breast neoplasms are exposed to various physical and psychological injuries. Improving these patients’ lifestyles can improve their condition. The present research investigated the effects of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) on the lifestyle of breast cancer patients.

The current semi-experimental study was conducted with a pretest-posttest design and a control group. The statistical population comprised 308 breast cancer patients referred to the Teaching Hospital of Maternity and Childhood in Al-Ramadi, Iraq, in 2022. Using simple random sampling, 80 women were selected and divided into experimental and control groups (40 patients per group). The Health Promoting Lifestyle Profile (HPLP; Walker et al., 1987) was used for data collection. The collected data were analyzed using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) in SPSS software. The statistical significance level was 0.05.

The findings indicate that CBT was effective on lifestyle variables (F = 70.01; P < 0.001) in breast cancer patients. Moreover, the results of a one-way ANCOVA demonstrated that the lifestyle subscales, including health responsibility (F = 4.73; P < 0.001), nutrition (F = 9.14; P < 0.001), physical activity (F = 13.64; P < 0.001), stress management (F = 7.05; P < 0.001), interpersonal relationships (F = 12.42; P < 0.001), and spiritual growth (F = 5.63; P < 0.001), increased significantly.

It can be concluded that CBT improved lifestyle and its subscales in breast cancer patients. Therefore, special attention should be paid to these patients' lifestyles, and psychological interventions such as CBT can be effective in this regard.

Prostate cancer is the second leading cause of cancer deaths globally among men. Medication non-adherence remains problematic, leading to adverse outcomes. Motivational interviewing has shown promise in improving adherence across health conditions. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of motivational interviewing as an intervention to enhance medication adherence among patients diagnosed with prostate cancer.

In this randomized controlled trial, 161 men with prostate cancer in Iraq were allocated to individual motivational interviewing (n = 54), group motivational interviewing (n = 53), or the control group (n = 54). Medication adherence was assessed at baseline and after 10 weeks using the validated 8-item Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS-8). The interventions consisted of 10 weekly 45-60 minute motivational interviewing sessions focused on identifying motivations, barriers, and solutions to improve adherence. In this study, we employed a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) to assess the differences in pretest scores across the three groups, and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) to compare medication adherence in the pretest and posttest phases. PASS 2023 software was used for sample size determination and SPSS software for the statistical analyses.

Medication adherence significantly improved in both the individual motivational interviewing (mean MMAS-8 score increased from 7.53 ± 2.76 to 8.61 ± 3.93) and group motivational interviewing (MMAS-8 ‎score increased from 4.88 ± 2.76 to 7.60 ± 3.45), compared to the control group (MMAS-8 ‎score ‎decreased from 5.00 ± 2.76 to 3.80 ± 2.24) (p = 0.002). The effect size was 0.244 with 0.869 statistical power. No significant difference was found between individual and group motivational interviewing.

This rigorously conducted randomized controlled trial provides strong evidence that motivational interviewing delivered individually or in groups effectively enhances medication adherence in prostate cancer patients. With medication non-adherence being a major barrier to optimal outcomes, oncology providers should strongly consider integrating motivational interviewing approaches to improve adherence behaviors. Future research can explore optimal implementation and long-term sustainability.

Job burnout is one of the most important factors that affect store personnel’s job turnover and service quality. This research was conducted to investigate the relationship between job burnout and tolerance of ambiguity and self-compassion among store personnel.

In this correlational study, 135 employees of a branch of chain stores in Isfahan, Iran, were selected as the participants using simple random sampling method. Data were collected using the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) (Maslach & Jackson, 1981), Self-Compassion Scale (SCS; Neff, 2003), and Distress Tolerance Scale (DTS; Simons & Gaher, 2005). Data were analyzed using the Pearson correlation coefficient and multivariate regression in SPSS software, at significance level of 0.05.

results showed that there was a positive correlation between job burnout and the variables of self-kindness (r = 0.34), sense of common humanity (+0.226), and isolation (+0.226), and a negative correlation between job burnout and the variables of self-judgment (-0.336) and mindfulness (-0.318) (P < 0.05). According to the results of the regression analysis, the two variables of self-compassion and tolerance of ambiguity can predict 0.011 job burnout among these people.

Based on the results of the present study, it is concluded that there is a negative association between some dimensions of compassion, such as self-judgment and mindfulness, and job burnout. Thus, the occurrence of job burnout can be prevented by increasing the above two variables in this occupational population.

Parenting is a difficult but enjoyable process. When aligned with children's developmental process, parenting reduces problems and empowers children for better behavioral and emotional functioning. Therefore, this study was conducted to compare the effectiveness of positive parenting program (Triple P) and mindful parenting (MP) on the level of preschool children’s social development.

This was a quasi-experimental study with a pretest-posttest, control design and a 3-month follow-up. The study population included all mothers of preschool children in Shiraz in the educational year 2019-2020. The sample consisted of 45 mothers who were selected using convenience sampling and were then randomly assigned to two experimental groups, each including 15 mothers. First, the Children's Communication Checklist (CCC) (Bishop, 1998) was completed by the children’s mothers. Then, the first experimental group participated in Triple P sessions (Sanders et al., 2005) and the second experimental group took part in mindful parenting sessions (Duncan, Coatsworth, Gayles, Geier, & Greenberg‎, 2015). The control group did not receive any treatment. Subsequently, the aforementioned questionnaire was completed again by the mothers in the three groups. The collected data were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA in SPSS software.

The results indicated that Triple P had a more positive effect on children’s social development level (p < 0.05) and the components of suitable initiation (P < 0.01) and social skills (p < 0.001) than MP training. Furthermore, the effectiveness of MP training on the children’s ability for suitable communication (P < 0.01) was greater than the Triple P.

Therefore, positive parenting and MP are both good ways to promote a child's social development. Thus, positive parenting program can be used as the preferred method for mothers to increase the social development of their children.

Prostate cancer is the most common cancer among men, and it can harm the mental health of affected people. The current research examined the effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy ‎(MBCT) ‎on the vitality and psychological well-being of prostate cancer patients.

The current semi-experimental research was conducted with a pretest-posttest design, a control group, and a follow-up stage. The statistical population included all men with prostate cancer referred to Baghdad's Oncology Teaching Hospital, Iraq, in 2022. Using simple random sampling, 140 people were selected and divided into experimental and control groups (70 patients per group). The collected data were analyzed utilizing the chi-square test, independent t-test, and two-way repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) in SPSS software. The statistical significance level of the results was considered to be 0.05.

The study findings showed that ‎MBCT‎ was effective on the vitality (F = 6.83; P = 0.011) and psychological well-being (F = 8.71; P = 0.006) of prostate cancer patients.

It can be concluded that ‎MBCT has improved vitality and psychological well-being in patients with prostate cancer. Therefore, hospital medical staff must take this treatment method into consideration.

In adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), problems with executive functions are common. The present research aims to investigate the effects of cognitive rehabilitation training on the memory deficits of adults with ADHD.

The current semi-experimental research utilized a pre- and post-test design and a control group. All patients between the ages of 25 and 50 referred to Alrashad Hospital for Mental Health in Baghdad, Iraq, in 2022, were included in the statistical population. The statistical sample of 64 patients was chosen using a simple random sampling method and randomly assigned into both experimental and control groups (32 people per group). Barkley Adult ADHD Rating Scale-IV (BAARS-IV) and Wechsler Memory Scale (WMS) were used to collect data. To perform the analysis of covariance (ANCOVA), SPSS software was utilized, and the significance level of the results was less than 0.05.

Cognitive rehabilitation training was effective in improving auditory memory (F = 7.76, P < 0.001), visual memory (F = 5.17, P < 0.001), visual working memory (F = 11.36, P < 0.001), immediate memory (F = 9.28, P < 0.001), and delayed memory (F = 7.12, P < 0.001).

Cognitive rehabilitation training improves the memory deficits of adults with ADHD. Thus, psychologists can utilize cognitive rehabilitation training in conjunction with other treatment methods to enhance the memory of adults with ADHD.