مجله طب سنتی اسلام و ایران
سال چهاردهم شماره 3 (پیاپی 55، پاییز 1402)

Persian Medicine (PM) offers a unique perspective on gynecological disorders, prompting the need for scientific validation of complementary approaches. This paper synthesizes research on the efficacy and safety of PM interventions for oligomenorrhea and abnormal uterine bleeding. This paper reports on a collaborative initiative involving PM experts and gynecology/obstetrics specialists. The program consisted of two expert panels addressing oligomenorrhea and abnormal uterine bleeding, employing the expert panel method. PM experts presented clinical trial papers relevant to each panel, facilitating a comprehensive review and critique of available scientific evidence. This process sparked a scientific discussion and exchange of opinions among the participating experts. Thirteen clinical trial articles had explored PM interventions in abnormal uterine bleeding, covering Persian Golnar, Golnar capsules, plantain, lentils, myrtle, purslane, pomegranate peel, frankincense-ginger, quince, ginger, chamomile, and cupping therapy. Additionally, nine articles on oligomenorrhea encompassed interventions like anise-celery, sesame, black seed oil, Fomentex herbal tea, Aslaq, oregano, fennel, Agnogel, and fennel plus dry cupping. Utilizing PM interventions for gynecologic diseases requires rigorous diagnostic evaluations and therapeutic measures. The necessity for further clinical trials is emphasized to confirm the effectiveness and safety of these interventions. Collaborative efforts between PM specialists and gynecologists are vital for the logical progression of PM within the health system.

Zardak (Daucus carota L.) is a medicinal plant of hot and dry desert regions of Iran. Zardak (Jazar) is mentioned as a nutritious plant, a brain, heart and liver tonic and an aphrodisiac and sperm enhancer in the texts of Persian Medicine (PM). The purpose of this study is to specify the medicinal effects of this plant from the viewpoint of PM and to compare it with new findings. The inclusion criteria in this review included the findings in Persian and Arabic sources of Persian medicine and pharmacology, and Persian and English articles on medicine, pharmacy, and botany until December 13, 2022, without time limits. Exclusion criteria included unpublished information, such as dissertations and articles for which only abstracts were available. Articles written in other languages were not included in this study. Using keywords of Persian medicine, Carrot, Daucus carota L., Daucus carota L. var. carota, in domestic scientific databases including SID and Magiran, as well as international scientific databases including PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar and ScienceDirect were searched. Among the 80 obtained articles, 31 were selected based on the inclusion criteria. In order to search for authentic sources of Iranian medicine, Jame Teb software version 1.5 was also used with the keywords Zardak, Jazar, Gazar, Kazar and Doghu. Containing carotenoids such as alpha-carotene and lutein, Zardak is one of the valuable sources of natural antioxidants that can play a role in preventing many eye, cardiovascular, and skin diseases and also types of cancer. From the point of view of Iranian medicine, Zardak is a sexual tonic, liver tonic, digestive and anti-flatulent, and diuretic. It enhances vision, eliminates kidney and bladder stones, and relieves chest pain. According to the conducted studies, it seems that as one of the native vegetables of Iran, Daucus carota L.has been favored, and the various products obtained from its various components are recommended as part of the diet of all age groups.

The increasing prevalence of digestive disorders is one of the major problems of societies today. One of the most important of these diseases is dyspepsia, which is treated by various medicinal and non-medicinal methods. One of the methods of drug therapy is use of complementary medicine treatments and medicinal plants, extracts, essential oils and compounds extracted from plants. Among the specific medicinal forms mentioned in the traditional pharmaceuticals of Iran, an important compound drug is "maldigestion treatment" which indirectly refers to dyspepsia. This indigestion remedy includes Piper nigrum L., Anethum graveolens L., Rosa × damascena Mill. and Bunium persicum B. Fedtsch.

In this study, the formulation of tablets for treatment of dyspepsia was evaluated. Accordingly, the mentioned plants were dried, powdered and mixed. After microscopic characterization, essential oil was prepared. Other analyses such as chromatography, gas chromatography connected to a mass spectrometer and standardization with the help of gas chromatography connected to a flame ionization detector was performed.

The main ingredients of four plants were 68.16% Dillapiol and 5.6% Caryophyllene. After preparation of the drug via optimization of different formulations, stability tests were performed. The optimized tablet showed proper characterizations such as acceptable friability (less than 1%), average weight variation (less than 1%), average disintegration time (less than 22 minutes), hardness about 12.5±0.4, and average thickness about 6.7 ± 0.1 mm.

In conclusion, the amount of Caryophyllene in each tablet formulation was measured to be about 128 micrograms according to the essential oil extraction efficiency of the mixture of all four plants and the amount determined by gas chromatography connected to the flame ionization detector.

Wind and Rih have different meanings in different medical texts. Wind is both a pathogenic factor and one of the tools of body nature to create actions in the natural channels of the body. However, there has not been comprehensive evidence on the place and meaning of this word in the context of the works of Iranian medical doctors. Accordingly, the purpose of the current research is to investigate the application of the concept of wind and its derivatives in terms of frequency and how they are used in Avicenna’s work Canon of Medicine (Al-Qanun fi al-Tibb).

The environmental determinism governing the primitive human mind caused his knowledge to become one-dimensional in such a way that he thought everything was real and alive, and so created a legend for the unknown and sought the answer to the unknown in his imagination. This one-dimensional reaction and horizontal view of phenomena was also seen in his treatment strategies. That is, he performed some treatments using the drugs he knew in nature or the tools he invented, and attributed some other diseases that he could not recognize to the supernatural and usually resorted to unusual methods such as magic, and actions and tools unrelated to the disease for treatment. These methods sometimes lead to treatment due to the psychological effect on the patient. In the beginning, more unusual treatments were used, but gradually, with the formation of science and the expansion of human knowledge, treatment methods became more scientific and only a small part of these treatments remained in folklore. These therapies are part of the folklore and it seems necessary to preserve this heritage. Kerman is one of the very ancient biological areas of the Iran plateau, which also has a long life and a long history in the field of medicine. Therefore, this research, has endeavored to investigate some beliefs and treatment methods used in Kerman. The data was collected in a library and field method. The research method is descriptive-analytical. The findings of the research show that the people of Kerman face diseases either on the basis of knowledge and awareness, or on the basis of belief and psychological and internal perceptions. Although the latter method of treatment is not scientific, it has sometimes been effective due to indoctrination and psychological influence.

After decades of neglect, Traditional Medicine (TM), has officially and widely gained attention in recent years. The purpose of this perspective article is to provide a general and transparent overview of the actions taken and the functions of TM systems worldwide, in accordance with the latest reports available from the World Health Organization (WHO). The recommendations of this organization have taken a more structured form for countries by developing and publishing a set of comprehensive strategies for the years 2002 to 2005 and then 2014 to 2023 as a roadmap. In this study, the top 10 countries in the field of health according to the global ranking of the Legatum Institute in 2021 were selected, and their TM status was addressed in order to identify global challenges and areas for improvement in this field and to provide lessons for the health system policymakers. Overall, it can be said that the focus of most countries has so far been on the function of governance, and scattered actions have been taken regarding other functions, with countries in Southeast Asia such as China and Singapore having greater coherence. Replicating these experiences in countries like Iran depends on political will and the cultural context of society. Furthermore, the integration of TM into the healthcare system should not be limited to the use of indigenous knowledge, a certain level of services, and a specific group of providers

Manuscripts, as living and dynamic objects representing different dimensions of life in the past, are a valuable heritage and one of the most important ways to perceive and preserve the culture and identity of any nation. In addition to smoothing the path for research, introducing these works will perpetuate and transfer them to future generations. Accordingly, one of the influential medical manuscripts of the Indian subcontinent under the title of Takmila Hindi is introduced in this research. The current research is a descriptive-analytical method with a library approach, which was conducted based on the only manuscript Takmila Hindi available in Iran. Hakīm Ahlullāh Dehlawī is one of the scientists and physicians of the 12th century AH, who, in addition to medical works, also has writings in the field of jurisprudence, beliefs and conduct. Takmila Hindi is one of the most important medical works of this author in Persian language. This book includes an introduction, description of 158 monographs, description of diseases and treatments in 22 chapters, and a list of contents at the end of the book. In addition to introduction of the Indian school of medicine, approved medicines and the use of some Indian terms and weights and quantities have been discussed in this book.