نشریه پژوهش های اقتصاد صنعتی
پیاپی 24 (تابستان 1402)

The main purpose of this study is to investigate of economies of scale and thier evolutions in Iran’s manufacturing industries. Economies of scale are the cost advantages that companies achieve due to operational scale, and reducing the cost per unit of product increases the economies of scale. In this paper, economies of scale in the Iranian industries have been studied and analyzed with an approach based on econometric models and estimation of a translog cost function for the period from  2011 to 2019 in terms of two-digit ISIC codes. The results showed that the trend of scale elasticity in terms of the cost in Iran’s manufacturing industries had always been less than one for 19 years. Such a result confirms that Iranian industries have been almost within the range of economies of scale in the last two decades and have not yet left this range. Indeed, the Iranian manufacturing industries have not yet been able to grab the advantage of economies of scale and from this view, they still have small sizes and scales. Also, most of the country's large and capital-intensive industries have relatively large scales (compared to Iran’s economy) and their further development requires entry into export markets. in contrast, the labor-intensive industries in the country are mostly small-scale. This indicates that developing and expanding the size of firms through promoting the mentioned industries and resolving production problems and obstacles leads to greater prosperity and better utilization of economies of scale.

the aim of the present research is to investigate the impact of spatial spillovers in the Information and Communication Technology (ICT) Development Index on the employment of the industrial sector in Iran's provinces. The study utilized the data from the manufacturing industries of 31 provinces in the country from 2002-2020 to examine the impact of people's access to telecommunications and communication services and the share of industries with hardware and software capital stock of computers on employment; therefore the model was estimated by using panel data in the frame of a spatial Durbin model. The results indicate that industrial sector employment was significantly and positively impacted by spatial spillovers resulting from variables like value-added and energy intensity. Also, the results of the impact of ICT on industrial employment show that the index of people's access to telecommunication and communication services in manufacturing industries has a decreasing effect on the industrial sector employment of the country; It means a one percent increase in this index has reduced the industrial employment of each province by 0.072 percent and neighboring provinces by 0.167 percent, which will result in a 0.239 percent decrease in the employment of the entire industry sector. While the results of the index of the share of industries with software and hardware capital stock of computers show the effect of job creation; So that a one percent increase in ICT capital stock has increased employment in each province by 0.02 percent and spatial spillovers of neighboring provinces by 0.202 percent and has led overall to a 0.222 percent increase in the employment of the entire industry sector of Iran.

The purpose of this research is to examine the effect of the economic sanctions shock on the industrial competitiveness index with emphasis on the industrialization intensity and the quality of exports with the structural auto-regression approach in the period of 1990-2020. The results indicate that the shock caused by the import goods price index had effects with negative and positive fluctuations on the industrialization intensity, and on the export quality had a negative effect at the beginning of the period and a positive effect at the end of the period. On the other hand, the shock caused by the export goods price index on the industrialization intensity and the quality of exports has been accompanied by positive and negative fluctuations. The exchange relationship does not affect the industrialization intensity and has a positive effect on the export quality. The production and export of crude oil have had an effect on the industrialization intensity with positive, negative, and finally neutral fluctuations, and a positive effect on the quality of exports. The effect of foreign direct investment is positive on the industrialization intensity and negative on the quality of exports. The ratio of trade balance shock to GDP has had an effect on the industrialization intensity and the quality of exports with positive and negative fluctuations and in the end neutral. According to the above results, it can be argued that the effect of economic sanctions on the industrialization intensity index and the quality of exports depends to some extent on government policies, investments related to research and development, and the codification of an industrialization strategy.

The incremental increasing generation of electronic waste has created concerns for human society, especially regarding the environment. In addition to environmental pollution, waste has harmful effects on human health. In this regard, the hypothesis of the present research is whether, along with factors such as electricity intensity, energy intensity, and urbanization, advanced technology and comparative advantage in environmentally related technologies affect the generation of e-waste. The scope of this research, based on the latest available data, is the period of 2010-2020 and 10 selected countries of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). The results of the present research based on the panel data model show that the comparative advantage in technologies related to the environment has a reducing effect on electronic waste and accordingly, the main recommendation of this article is to emphasize green innovations in reducing hazardous waste. It is also recommended to develop innovation and technology management in order to reduce electronic waste and sustainable development.

This study investigates the connectedness between the dynamic fluctuations of the exchange rate uncertainty and the fluctuations of various industries in the stock market in the time and frequency range (short-term, medium-term and long-term) during the monthly period of 2013-06-2023:05 in Iran. Using the time-frequency connectedness approach developed by Diebold and Yilmaz (2009, 2012) and Barunik and Krehlik (2018), the results show a significant connectedness between macroeconomic variables uncertainty fluctuations and fluctuations of various industries in the stock market in the short and medium term, while this connectedness decreases in long term. In the time domain, exchange rate uncertainty acts as a transmitter of shocks to different sectors of stock market. In the frequency domain, fluctuations of the net uncertainty spillover of the exchange rate in the medium term are more than in the short term and long term. This shows that exchange rate uncertainty in the medium term transmits more shocks to sectors of different industries of the stock market. Also, in the short term, the chemical, cement, basic metals, investment, and pharmaceutical sectors, in the medium term the petroleum products sector, and in the long term, the petroleum and chemical products sectors are more vulnerable and more affected by the exchange rate uncertainty spillover. It is recommended that the policy maker adopt macro policies and the investor to gain profit in the stock market should pay more attention to the sectors that are more vulnerable in the conditions of the exchange rate uncertainty in a different range of frequency

governments worldwide are actively optimizing budget efficiency. This research aims to examine the relationship between government budget deficits and economic growth, emphasizing developed and developing countries, particularly the D8 group, during the period from 2010 to 2021, using the System Generalized Method of Moments (SYS-GMM). The results show that in developed and developing countries, especially the D8 group, the negative coefficient of the budget deficit on economic growth can be attributed to concerns such as the effect of congestion, high interest rates, or a decrease in trust in the economy due to financial imbalances and support for the neoclassical approach. In addition, there is an almost one-to-one positive effect between past economic growth and the current level of economic growth. However, this research helps to understand the sustainable impact of budget deficits on current economic conditions in developed and developing countries. Regarding the findings, policymakers should consider adopting contraptions that promote sustainable economic growth while exercising caution in budget deficit management.