نشریه علوم و فناوری بذر ایران
سال سیزدهم شماره 1 (پیاپی 33، بهار 1403)

Randomized factorial design was implemented in four replications to determine optimal methods of Ajwain (Carum capticum) standard seeds germination. Ajwain seeds were placed top and between paper and sand exposed to two potassium nitrate (two grams per 1000 ml distilled water) and pre-chilling (seven days under 7-10ºC) pre-treatments which were under six temperatures (10, 15, 20, 25, 20-30, and 35ºC) in germinator for 25 days so as to germination indices were assessed. Ajwain seeds viability was estimated 75% after tetrazolium test. The highest final and normal seedling percentages were found under 15 and 20ºC in pre-chilling treatment and also 20ºC in potassium nitrate and control. No germination was observed under 35ºC in potassium nitrate and control, however, pre-chilling led to >26% germination. The higher germination potential was shown in top and between papers compared with sand. The lowest germination rate was recorded in control and potassium nitrate and the highest one in pre-chilling. The maximum of seedling weight vigor was suggested in top and between paper when seeds were put under 10, 15, and 20ºC. In order to evaluate optimal standard germination of Ajwain seeds, it was resulted that applying of two potassium nitrate and pre-chilling treatments placed top and between papers under 15 and 20ºC caused maximum of germination potential and seedling weight vigor.

In order to evaluate the effect of Ag synthesized from fennel on seed germination, growth and biochemical characteristics of hybrid single cross 704 corn seedlings, an experiment was carried out in a randomized complete block design with three replications at the University of Mohaghegh Ardabili in 2021. Experimental factors included synthesized Ag nanoparticles (0, 0.001, 0.1, 0.25, and 0.75 mg L-1) and the application methods of Ag nanoparticles (seed priming and no priming). The results showed that in both methods of nanoparticle application, with the use of different concentrations of Ag nanoparticles, there was a significant increase in the percentage and speed of germination, average daily germination, germination simultaneity index, strength index, length and dry weight of corn seedlings and a decrease in the average germination time, D50 of corn seeds were germinated. Among the nanoparticle application methods, priming seeds with 0.001 mg L-1 and adding 0.1 mg L-1 Ag nanoparticles had a greater effect on improving germination, seedling growth, and increasing seed vigor index. By adding 0.1 mg L-1 of Ag nanoparticles to no priming, it resulted in the highest germination%, synchronicity index, mean daily germination and the lowest mean germination time. The use of different concentrations of Ag nanoparticles in both application methods increased the activity of catalase, peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase and proline content compared to the control treatment, the use of a concentration of 0.001 mg L-1 of Ag nanoparticles as a priming can be suggested to improve seed germination, growth, and biochemical characteristics of corn seedlings.

In this research, morphological and biochemical traits of 10 isolates of Pseudomonas fluorescens bacteria, salt tolerance and the effect of bacteria on germination and seedling growth indicators of sesame cultivars under salt stress were conducted. All isolates were Gram-negative and had positive motility and fluorescent properties. Among the bacteria, P2, P3 and P9 isolates were more capable of solubilizing inorganic phosphorus. The ability to produce siderophore was higher in some isolates and the isolates P1, P2, P3, P8, and P10 showed the highest in vitro salt-tolerance. A factorial experiment including two sesame cultivars, 4 salinity levels and inoculation with 3 isolates was done in the form of a completely randomized design in three replications. Based on the results, the effect of bacteria, salinity, variety and their interaction on the percentage and rate of germination, germination indices, allometric coefficient and seedling length and weight index were significant. Under salt stress, the germination and growth of seedlings significantly decreased but, the pretreatment of sesame seeds with salt-tolerant isolates increased the characteristics related to germination and growth indices of sesame cultivars. The highest effect on all parameters including germination rate belonged to P9. Therefore, P9 isolate can be used to increase the tolerance of sesame to salinity stress.

This experiment was conducted to to evaluate effect of sowing date and seed hydropriming on, seed cotton yield, lint and seed oil of two cotton cultivars using a factorial experiment based on randomized complete block design in three replications at the Research Farm of Shahid University's Faculty of Agriculture in the spring of 2018. The first factor was sowing date with three levels: April 25, May 10 and May 25, the second factor was hydropriming in two levels of control (without priming) and hydro-priming application and the third factor was cultivar with two levels of May344 and Sajidi cultivars.the Results of this study showed that hydropriming had no effects on weight of single boll. The weight of bolls on the sowing date of May 25 compared to April 25 was higher in the condition without priming in both cultivars. But hydropriming increased seed yield. The highest seed yield was obtained with average 11.07 ton/ha in the primed seeds of May344 variety on April 25, which were more 26% increase compared to the non-priming treatment and compared to May 10 and May 25, respectively 9.7 and 28.8 percent. The comparison results of the average sowing date and priming showed that the planting date of 10 May had the highest percentage of seed oil. Highest percentage of oil with an average of 23.4% was observed on this sowing date and in without priming treatment.

Considering the questions about the reasons for the decline in the quality of corn seeds in Moghan, especially regarding the management of corn cob dryers, this experiment was conducted in order to diagnose the effect of the dryer function on seed quality. For this purpose, 24 samples of corn seed variety 704 were prepared in two stages from nine seed processing stations in 2018. 12 cobs from the shipment were transported from the field and before entering the dryer and 12 dried cobs of the same shipment were randomly registered and tested in the National Seed Quality Laboratory. In addition to laboratory tests, each sample was cultivated in the field in the form of a RCBD in three replications. According to the results there is no significant difference between the sampling time before and after drying. The interaction of processing station and sampling time, except in two stations, did not show any significant difference on seed quality indicators. Based on the results, in the stations with higher output seed quality, the cobs were harvested with a moisture content of 25-29% and aerated at a temperature of 32-35℃ and after reaching the average moisture content of the mass about 20%, the temperature increased to 38℃. According to the results, the dryers function has a minor role in causing damage to seeds and reducing seed quality, and due to the low germination power of seeds produced in farms, other factors including farm management are effective in reducing the quality of corn seeds.

Camelina (Camelina sativa) is an important oilseed crop from the Brassicaceae family. This plant is important due to its industrial, health and food applications, and the cultivated area of this product is increasing, and important features of this plant. It can be attributed to the low need of this plant for inputs and high resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses. A factorial experiment in the form of a complete block design using SAS statistical software of the seeds of two varieties of Camelina (Sohail and Line 69) in terms of the effect of foliar spraying of micronutrients iron, zinc, manganese and the combined treatment and the control treatment immediately after closing After the formation of 50% of the seeds, foliar spraying was done and it was investigated during 3 repetition. The images prepared from Camelina plant embryos were evaluated and checked and the results of image analysis were compared with the results of the germination . The results of this experiment showed that the seed of line 69, which had the minimum cotyledon length, the minimum embryonic axis length, the minimum seed length and the maximum seed width in the combined foliar spraying treatment, had the minimum ratio of the embryonic axis length to the seed length, the minimum cotyledon length ratio It is related to the seed length and the minimum seed length to width ratio that the smaller size of the seed in line 69 has led to a decrease in the percentage and speed of germination .