فصلنامه جغرافیا و آمایش شهری - منطقه ای
پیاپی 49 (زمستان 1402)

The aim of the current research is to model the environmental quality of tourist attractions on the satisfaction of tourists in Zanjan city. The research method is a descriptive-analytical type that was carried out by a survey method. The statistical population of the research is the tourists of Zanjan city in 2021. In order to determine the number of research samples, due to the unknown number of statistical population, the required number of samples was 350 questionnaires. In order to analyze the data, the statistical test of factor analysis, single-sample T-test was used in EXCEL software, and structural equation modeling (SEM) was used in Amos Graphics software environment. by using the factor analysis test in order to evaluate the environmental quality of tourist attractions in Zanjan city; Seven factors of environmental quality were identified Also, selected indicators on tourist satisfaction were extracted from the model of Akama and Kiti 2003 (a model based on the Seroqual model). The results of the level of satisfaction with the environmental quality of tourist attractions, with the value (2.64) are in an unfavorable situation and below the average level. The correlation coefficient between the latent variables and manifest variables of the measurement model through the second-order structural equations of the environmental quality of tourist attractions shows that the latent factors and variables identified in the research have been able to account for 68% of the variance of the effects of the environmental quality components of tourist attractions on Explain the satisfaction of tourists and the factor of economic and social dynamics has the highest factor load with a relative importance and an influence coefficient of 0.80. The final results of the structural equation model show that the environmental quality of the tourist attractions in the study area has low impact to the extent of 0.31 on the satisfaction of tourists and among the hidden factors of environmental quality; The factor of certain tourism services with an impact factor of 0.83 and the factor of urban public services with 0.80 had the highest role and relative importance which indicates the predominance of physical programs and 5-year economic-social development programs of the country regarding the environmental quality of tourist attractions. Achieving the desired situation requires the development of specific criteria in the area of Zanjan tourist attractions, the scope of intervention and the design of nearby buildings according to specific criteria with the coordination and participation of all relevant ministries and institutions with sufficient legal and executive requirements.

One of the most basic principles of urban planning and management is to pay attention to the changes and transformations of the population and to know enough about its population structure. Considering that the effect of historical developments and social, political and economic factors on the balance of the population structure is not the same in all parts of the city, the city will face spatial changes in the population structure of urban areas. This issue has led to the formation of different needs among urban areas and the change of urban land use. The aim of the current research is to evaluate the role of population structures on urban land use changes in Ahvaz metropolis. In terms of practical purpose, in terms of descriptive-analytical nature and in terms of method, the present research is a combination of library and survey methods and is based on future research approach. The scope of the research was the city of Ahvaz. The statistical population of this research is 40 people of population and urban land use experts. For data analysis, the Delphi method, the cross-effects matrix (MICMAC) was used. The findings of the research showed that among the 39 main factors affecting the role of population structures on urban land use changes, 14 variables are known as key and influential. that these variables have the most influence and the least influence on the future development of the role of population structures and urban land use changes in Ahvaz city. Also, the results showed that in terms of the direct influence of variables such as immigration with a score of 71, social welfare and population density with scores of 63 and 61, and the variables that have an indirect effect on the population structure and urban land use change are immigration, population density and social welfare, respectively. They are located in the first to third positions.

Considering the correct criteria in determining the route of roads can play a major role in reducing economic costs, increasing safety and access to roads, along with preserving the environment, and provide the basis for the growth and prosperity of the region. This research is of a descriptive-analytical type and was conducted with the aim of identifying a low-cost and safe route to connect Ardabil city with the center of the country through Tabriz-Zanjan freeway. The data required to conduct the research, which includes elevation points obtained from the Google Erath image and the OLI Landsat-9 satellite image, were collected. Digital height model, topography map, slope map were extracted from Google Earth image and land use map from Landsat satellite image. Then, the current Ardabil-Sarcham road route was digitized from the Google Earth image, and the condition of the road was examined from the perspective of the slope, and dangerous slopes were identified. In the last stage, using the Geographical Information System Builder model and using Dijkstra's algorithm, the least expensive route from Ardabil to Sarcham has been identified by considering the slope factor and then by simultaneously considering the two factors of slope and land use in the region. The results of the research show that the optimal proposed route is much better and safer than the current route from Ardabil to Sarcham both in terms of road length and road slope and land use, so that the length of the road is reduced by 25 km and 43 km from the route It has a slope of up to 10% and was dangerous, it has been reduced to 23 km and this reduction will reduce the economic costs, more safety for travelers and native residents of the region. Also, in the proposed route, the crossing of the first-class pastures has been reduced from 36 km to 22 km, and the crossing of the water fields, which previously covered 26 km, has been reduced to 13 km in the optimal proposed route, and this has an important impact on It will protect the environment.

Due to its pervasive level and long-term effects in cities, construction violations are among the challenges of modern urbanization; which, in line with the increase in the effective demand in the construction industry, has faced the cities with huge challenges. The aim of the present research is the spatial analysis of construction violations based on the Article 100 Municipal Commission in Bostan Abad city. The current research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of nature. Construction violations recorded in the Article 100 Commission of Bostan Abad Municipality during a 5-year period (1396-1400) were analyzed temporally and spatially using spatial analysis techniques in the ArcGIS software environment. Then, using the average nearest neighbor distance (ANN) model, the pattern of spatial distribution of construction violations in the city of Bostan Abad during the 5-year period of study was determined. Also, Hot Spot Analysis technique has been used to analyze high or low amounts of construction violations in Bostan Abad city. According to the findings of the research, according to the frequency of construction violations registered in the Article 100 Commission of Bostan Abad Municipality during a period of 5 years (2017-2021), Farhangian, Valiasr, Molavi and Gurbanabad neighborhoods with 227, 190, 114 and 93 respectively. The case of construction violations registered in the Article 100 Commission of Bostan Abad Municipality; they have allocated a major part of the construction violations. The neighborhoods of Qarakore and Eskikendi have the lowest frequency of construction violations with 37 and 49 cases of construction violations recorded during the 5-year period studied. The pattern of spatial distribution of registered building violations is cluster type and the spatial density of building violations per hectare is higher than other localities in Malawi, Qara Kore and Tarbiat according to the area of the localities. It should be noted that most of the registered construction violations are related to construction violations without a construction permit and excess construction permits, which have been registered in the form of residential and commercial uses. As a result, this study provides evidence for the improvement of policies by the city administration and the control of constructions outside of the rules and regulations in the city of Bostan Abad by the municipal officials.

The inefficiency of urban plans has been one of the most challenging issues in urbanism in the fields of urban planning and urban management. Accordingly, despite the providing of various urban development projects that have resulted from these plans, it is evident that they often either do not reach the implementation stage or are abandoned as halfwork.The purpose of this study is to investigate the causes and factors of non-realization of the mentioned projects  between 2018 and 2022. In this study, using the method of interviewing municipal experts, in which 13 experts from Rasht municipality were interviewed through open-ended questions on the causes and factors of non-realization of urban projects and their relationship with the urban management system, Economics,Urban development plans, etc. After analyzing the content of the interviews through the Ishikawa diagram in order to better show the root causes, it became clear that the poor relationship between urban management and traditional planning has many manifestations. The results showed that many factors have played a role in the width and length of each other and in the non-realization of urban projects  in order to correct these deficiencies , different methods can be used such as changing the paradigm  ,modifying the structure of human resources ,strengthening the role of peoples participation,organizational coordination and controlling the land.

The place where people live has occupied a major share of urban land use levels. In small cities, more than 60 percent and in big cities about 40 percent of the city surface is allocated to urban settlements. Some urban settlements in the great city of Tabriz are in the vicinity of the active fault in the north of Tabriz and have been exposed to natural destructive factors such as seismicity. The settlement situation in the urban lands of the 5th region of Tabriz municipality and the need for detailed planning for physical development or segmentation in the future, make the zoning of urban lands necessary, especially in big cities. The aim of this research is to determine the current status of the pattern of urban land uses in Zone 5 of Tabriz municipality and zoning of the studied area based on the basic effective indicators of seismicity in vulnerable areas based on the standards of urban land uses. In this research, multi-criteria evaluation methods based on Fuzzy ANP hierarchical network analysis with GIS integration have been used to produce and analyze maps and different layers. The results showed that out of the total area of 3617 hectares of the study area about 210 hectares have a very low standard level in the northwest regions, 2130 hectares have a low standard level in mainly eastern, northeastern and southern regions, 823 hectares have an average standard level in the regions They have mainly south and south-west, 348 ha have high standard level in south and mainly south-west and 104 ha have very high standard level mainly in south.

"Physical development" of the city is a dynamic and continuous process, as a result of which, the physical bed of the city in the vertical and horizontal directions is quantitatively and qualitatively redundant. In today's era, unprincipled and unmeasured physical development is one of the issues and challenges of urban planning and management in underdeveloped countries.The present research was conducted with the aim of evaluating and determining the capabilities and constraints of the natural environment for the physical expansion of the city of Eghlid. The study area included a circular zone with a radius of 10 kilometers from the center of the city of Eghlid. Environmental variables included climate type, precipitation, temperature, elevation above sea level, land slope, lithology, distance from fault lines, topographical type, distance from rivers, well density, canal density, land use type, and land cover, and their data were collected from various library sources such as scanned maps, Digital Elevation Model (DEM), and statistical yearbooks. Data preparation, management, and analysis were performed in the Geographic Information System (GIS) environment. To understand the favorable and unfavorable natural conditions for physical development, a classification of each environmental variable was used. Finally, the overlap of all spatial layers related to environmental variables was used to determine the optimal directions for future physical development of the target city. The results of interpreting satellite images over the past 30 years indicate the expansion of the city in a northeast-southwest direction. The overlap analysis in the form of a final land suitability map for physical development showed that the city of Eghlid faced significant limitations for its physical development in the north, east, and to some extent, the south, with 40% of the study area's land being in an unfavorable condition for physical development. In contrast, 25% of the area of Eghlid had favorable conditions for physical development, primarily in various western directions (northwest, west, and southwest). Among the factors examined, topography and geomorphology have played a significant and clear role in the past and present urbanization of Eghlid and will continue to be determining factors in its future development.