Journal of Personality and Psychosomatic Research
Volume:1 Issue: 2, Winter 2023

This study seeks to critically examine attachment theory, delving into various aspects where the theory may fall short. By exploring its methodological challenges, cultural biases, potential for oversimplification of complex human behaviors and its deterministic approach to human development, and from the perspective of positive psychology, this critique aims to present a balanced view that acknowledges both the contributions and limitations of attachment theory in the broader landscape of psychological understanding.This critical examination serves as an invitation for continued discourse, fostering the evolution and refinement of attachment theories in the ever-evolving landscape of psychological research and understanding.From a positive psychology perspective, the critique of attachment theory revolves around its potential underestimation of human resilience, adaptability, and the capacity for positive development despite early challenges. By incorporating the strengths and positive adaptation mechanisms that individuals display, particularly in diverse cultural contexts, a more holistic understanding of human development emerges. This approach aligns with the positive psychology's emphasis on growth, resilience, and the potential for flourishing across the lifespan, providing a more comprehensive and optimistic view of human relationships and emotionalwell-being. To a greater extent, integrating positive psychology principles with attachment theory could lead to a more comprehensive and holistic understanding of human development and relationships.

The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between body shame and the inclination towards cosmetic surgery among female high school students in Shiraz. This applied research was conducted using a descriptive-correlational method. The study population included all female high school students in Shiraz, during the 2023-2024 academic year, from whom 350 individuals were selected through multi-stage cluster random sampling and studied. Data were collected using the Body Shame questionnaire by McKinley & Hyde (2001) and the Attitude Towards Cosmetic Surgery Scale by Swami et al. (2018). After data collection and extraction, participants' scores were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient and regression analysis. Regression test results showed that body shame has a significant effect on the inclination towards cosmetic surgery among female high school students in Shiraz (p<0.01). Pearson correlation coefficient results indicated that there is a significant positive correlation between body shame and the inclination towards cosmetic surgery (p<0.05). Consequently, the inclination towards cosmetic surgery can be significantly predicted through body shame.

This study aimed to investigate the extent to which altruism and prosocial behaviors can predict levels of hope among individuals. Drawing from psychological and social frameworks, it hypothesized that both altruistic actions and prosocial behaviors would be significant predictors of an individual's hope.Utilizing a cross-sectional design, this research involved 360 participants selected through convenience and purposive sampling methods. Data were collected via validated self-report measures, including Snyder’s Hope Scale, the Self-Report Altruism Scale (SRA), and the Prosocial Tendencies Measure (PTM). Multiple linear regression analyses were conducted using SPSS-26 to examine the predictive relationship between altruism, prosocial behavior, and hope.The results indicated that both altruism (β = 0.34, p < 0.01) and prosocial behavior (β = 0.35, p < 0.01) significantly predict hope, accounting for approximately 38% of its variance (Adjusted R² = 0.38). These findings underscore the substantial roles thataltruism and prosocial behaviors play in fostering hope among individuals.The study confirms that altruism and prosocial behaviors are significant predictors of hope, suggesting that engaging in acts of kindness and social support can enhance individuals' hopeful outlook towards the future. These insights contribute to the psychological literature on hope and prosociality and offer practical implications for fostering hope through altruistic and prosocial interventions.

This study aimed to examine the predictive roles of neuroticism and self-efficacy on pain catastrophizing in an adult population.A cross-sectional design was utilized, involving 290 participants who completed the Pain Catastrophizing Scale, the NEO Five-Factor Inventory for Neuroticism, and the General Self-Efficacy Scale. Data were analyzed using multiple linear regression in SPSS-27.Results indicated that neuroticism positively predicted pain catastrophizing, while self-efficacy showed a negative predictive relationship. The model accounted for approximately 26% of the variance in pain catastrophizing scores.The findings highlight the significant influence of neuroticism and self-efficacy on pain catastrophizing, suggesting that interventions aimed at reducing neuroticism and enhancing self-efficacy may be effective in mitigating pain catastrophizing in individuals.

This studyaimed to examine the predictive role of Type D personality and locus of control on self-care behaviors among adults, particularly those managing chronic health conditions.Utilizing a cross-sectional design, data were collected from 370 participants through standardized instruments measuring Type D personality, locus of control, and self-care behaviors. Linear regression analysis was performed using SPSS-27 to assess the predictive relationships between the variables.The results indicated that both Type Dpersonality and locus of control significantly predict self-care behaviors, accounting for 33% of the variance in self-care engagement. Specifically, Type D personality and an external locus of control were associated with poorer self-care practices.The study underscores the significant influence of psychological factors on self-care behaviors. Tailored interventions that consider individuals' psychological profiles may enhance self-care practices, particularly among those with chronic health conditions.

this article examines the interaction between psychosomatic elements and speech and language impairments, emphasizing the significance of a comprehensive approach in diagnosing and treating such conditions. The current article aims to systematically examine the current research on psychosomatic factors in speech and language disorders and to investigate the implications for clinical practice. A concise search was undertaken, utilizing databases such as PubMed, PsycINFO, and others and, in this regard, only studies published in English after the year 2000 that focused on the psychosomatic aspects of speech and language disorders were left out. The review revealed a substantial correlation between mental well-being and speech and language impairments. It stressed the importance of incorporating psychological assessment in speech-language pathology and examined various therapeutictechniques that address both speech-language and psychological aspects. The results highlight the necessity of considering psychosomatic factors when assessing and treating speech and language disorders. The review proposes the integration of multidisciplinary approaches for optimal management.