نشریه پویایی روانشناختی در اختلال های خلقی
سال دوم شماره 4 (پیاپی 8، زمستان 1402)

The aim of this study was investigate the role of grandparents in the repairing or damaging of attachment security of avoidant insecure attached children. The present study was in terms of purpose applied and in terms of implementation method was qualitative. The research population was educators and children of center of intellectual development of children and adolescents of Tehran city, which from them 8 educators and 100 children were selected as a sample according to the principle of theoretical saturation and with the purposeful sampling method. The educators were subjected to a semi-structured interview and the children answered to the questionnaire of attachment styles classification and researcher-made questionnaire of mental representations of attachment relationships in middle childhood. The data of this study were analyzed by thematic analysis and frequency and frequency percentage methods. The results of thematic analysis showed that for attachment security of avoidant insecure attached children were identified 6 dimensions and 10 components; So that the dimensions were included of form of expression of feelings (with two components of normalization of the event and indifference or doubt), form of physical emotions (with one component of separating the feeling from the event), coherence in expression (with two components of shortness of expression and avoiding accountability), interaction with person (with one component of recklessness along with sensory detachment), form of expression of event (with one component of generalization and brevity) and facing whit the conflict (with three components of avoiding the event or escaping from the situation, open ending/making up and focusing on the consequences of the decision instead of understanding the problem). The results of frequency and frequency percentage indicated the examination of the mentioned 10 components based on 7 narratives including guests, keys, stores, strangers, paintings, bullies and picnics, which showed that grandparents played a small role in repairing or damaging of attachment security of avoidant insecure attached children. Therefore, by providing appropriate and practical training workshops can be improved the role of grandparents in the repairing of attachment security of avoidant insecure attached children.

The present research was conducted with the aim of investigating the structural relationships of rumination with the mediation of body image on the anxiety of people with bulimia nervosa disorder. This study was a descriptive from type of correlation. The statistical population of this research was all women with bulimia nervosa disorder who referred to counseling and psychology centers of Tehran city in the spring of 2022 year. The sample of the present study was 260 people who were selected according to the inclusion criteria with using the purposeful sampling method. The research tools were included the rumination questionnaire of Nolen-Hoeksema and Morrow (1991), anxiety subscale of the stress, anxiety and depression scale of Lovibond and Lovibond (1995) and body image concern inventory of Littleton et al (2005). The data of this study were analyzed by Pearson correlation coefficient and path analysis methods in SPSS-21 and LISREL-8.8 software. The findings showed that there were a positive and significant relationship between rumination, anxiety and body image concern in people with bulimia nervosa disorder (P<0.01). In addition, rumination model with the mediation of body image concern on the anxiety of people with bulimia nervosa disorder had a good fit. Also, the effect of rumination on the anxiety was significant (P<0.001), but the effect of rumination on the body image concern and the effect of body image concern on the anxiety was not significant (P>0.05). In addition, the effect of rumination with the mediation of body image concern on the anxiety was not significant (P>0.05). According to the results of this study, in order to reduce the anxiety of people with bulimia nervosa disorder can be used by educational workshops prepare the ground for reducing rumination.

Extramarital relationships are one of difficulties and problems that are always considered a threat to spouses and one of the most important family and social harms during life. The present study aimed to compare the effectiveness of transdiagnostic treatment unified and intensive short-term dynamic psychotherapy in eudaimonic well-being in women affected by marital infidelity. A semi-experimental research method and a pre-test-post-test-follow-up design were used with a control group. The statistical population included all the women affected by marital infidelity in the city of Jam in the first six months of 2022 and the statistical sample consisted of 45 eligible and volunteer affected women who referred to the consulting center of Pazargad Non-Industrial Operations Company. These people were selected after initial evaluation were randomly assigned to two experimental groups (transdiagnostic treatment unified and intensive short-term dynamic psychotherapy) and a control group (15 people in each group). Then, the intensive short-term dynamic psychotherapy of 12 sessions and the transdiagnostic treatment unified group of 8 sessions underwent individual treatment, and the control group was placed on the waiting list. After the end of the treatment sessions, a post-test and a follow-up test were conducted after two months. The instrument for measuring was Questionnaire for Eudaimonic Well-Being (Waterman et al. 2010). Multivariate covariance analysis and SPSS-25 software were used to test the research hypotheses. The results showed that transdiagnostic treatment unified and intensive short-term dynamic psychotherapy were effective in increasing eudaimonic well-being, and transdiagnostic treatment unified was more effective than intensive short-term dynamic psychotherapy and this effect is permanent over time (P<05). Transdiagnostic treatment unified and intensive short-term dynamic psychotherapy therapies are effective in increasing the virtue-oriented well-being of affected women and can be used in their counseling.

Designing and applying a model for psychological well-being, especially with a resilience approach can play an important role in improving health and quality of life. As a result, the aim of this study was to explaining the psychological well-being model of counselors and psychologists with a resilience approach. The current research in terms of purpose was applied and in terms of execution method was qualitative. The research population was counselors and psychologists of members of the Counseling and Psychology System Organization of the country, which 13 people of them were selected as a sample with using the purposeful sampling method and according to the principle of theoretical saturation. The research tool was a semi-structured interview, which its validity was confirmed by triangulation method and its reliability was calculated by the agreement coefficient method between two coders 0.86. The data of this study were analyzed by the coding method based on the grounded theory in MAXQDA software. The findings showed that the psychological well-being model of counselors and psychologists with a resilience approach based on grounded theory had 35 sub categories and 12 main categories; So that training and promotion of specialized and cognitive abilities and self-acceptance were identified as a causal conditions, adaptation to job conditions were identified as a central category, client-related factors were identified as a contextual conditions, support resources were identified as a intervening conditions, awareness of one's emotions, energy restoration, time budgeting, spirituality skills and communication skills were identified as a strategies and development of problem solving skills and effective conflict management were identified as a outcomes. Finally, the psychological well-being model of counselors and psychologists with a resilience approach based on the grounded theory was drawn. According to the results of this study, it is necessary to plan to improve the psychological well-being of counselors and psychologists with a resilience approach according to the identified categories.

Considering the importance of test anxiety in female students, the present research was conducted with the aim of comparing the effectiveness of mindfulness and working memory education on test anxiety of junior female students. The current research was a semi-experimental with a pre-test, post-test and one-month follow-up design with a control group. The research population was all junior female students in Bojnord city in the 2022-23 academic years. The sample of this study was 45 people who were selected by available sampling method and randomly assigned into three groups of 15 people. The first experimental group underwent 8 sessions of 120 minute of mindfulness education and the second experimental group underwent 15 sessions of 60 minute of working memory education and during this time the control group did not receive any training. In this study, in addition to the demographic information form was used from the Friedman and Bendas-Jacob test anxiety scale (1997). The data of the present research were analyzed by the methods of chi-square, analysis of variance with repeated measurements and Bonferroni post hoc test in SPSS-21 software. The findings showed that both methods of mindfulness and working memory education reduced the test anxiety components including social derogation, cognitive obstruction and tenseness of junior female students and result remained in the follow-up stage (P<0.001), but there was no significant difference between the mentioned intervention methods in reducing their test anxiety components (P>0.05). Considering the effectiveness of both mindfulness and working memory education methods in reducing test anxiety and the lack of significant difference between them, it is suggested that counselors and psychologists use both methods to reduce exam anxiety.

The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of group logotherapy on the spiritual health and social adjustment of female students with physical and motor disabilities. This study in terms of purpose was practical and in terms of execution method was semi-experimental with a pre-test and post-test design along with a control group. The research population was all female students with physical and motor disabilities of Tehran city in the 20219-20 academic years. The sample of the current study was 40 people who were selected by available sampling method and randomly replaced into two equal groups. The experimental group underwent 10 sessions of 40 minutes group logotherapy and the control group did not receive any treatment. The data were collected with spiritual health questionnaire (Paloutzian & Ellison, 1982) and social adjustment subscale in adjustment inventory (Sinha & Singh, 1993) and were analyzed by multivariate analysis of covariance method in SPSS software at a significance level of 0.05. The findings showed that there was a significant difference between the experimental and control groups in terms of both variables of spiritual health and social adjustment. In the other words, the group logotherapy method led to improve the spiritual health and social adjustment of female students with physical and motor disabilities (P<0.001). According to the results of this study, health professionals and therapists can benefit from the group logotherapy method along with other effective treatment methods to improve spiritual health and social adjustment.

The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effectiveness of Mahdavi education on psychological well-being in the students of Islamic Azad University of Roudhen Branch. The method of the present research was a quasi-experimental type of pre-test, post-test with a control group, and its design was carried out in the form of experimental groups and control groups and two stages of pre-test and post-test. The statistical population of this research included the students of the Islamic Azad University, Rodhan Branch, in the academic year 1401-1402. The sample size of the research was estimated to be 15 people for each group (15 people in the experimental group and 15 people in the control group) and a total of 30 people. In the first stage, the sampling was done voluntarily in Azad University of Rodhan, and through the implementation of Rif's psychological well-being questionnaire (2002), the students who received low scores from these two questionnaires were screened, then among these students, people who Those who were willing to cooperate with the researcher and met the criteria for entering the research were selected and randomly assigned to two experimental and control groups. Then, the training group received Mahdavit training, but the control group received training, then the post-test was taken again from both groups. The findings of the analysis of covariance with SPSS-25 software showed that Mahdoite education increases sub-scales of psychological well-being including self-acceptance, positive relationships with others, autonomy, mastery of the environment, purposeful life and personal growth in university students. Azad Islami unit of Roudhen is significantly effective.

The present study was conducted with the aim of comparative investigation of the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment-based therapy and schema therapy on emotional expression among couples with marital burnout. This research in terms of purpose was applied and in terms of implementation method was semi-experimental with a pre-test, post-test and two-month follow-up plan with a control group. The present study population was couples with marital burnout who referred to Astan Mehr Counseling Center in Mashhad in the spring of 2022 year. The sample size was 30 couples and 10 couples were considered for each of the three groups, which were selected by purposive sampling method and randomly replaced with the help of lottery in three equal groups. The first experimental group 8 sessions of 90 minute underwent the acceptance and commitment-based therapy, and the second experimental group 11 sessions of 90 minute underwent the schema therapy and during this time, the control group did not receive any intervention. The tools of the current research were the demographic information form and questionnaires of Pines' marital burnout (1996) and King and Emmons' emotional expression (1990) which whose psychometric indicators were confirmed. To analyze the data of this study were used from the method of analysis of variance with repeated measurements and Bonferroni's post hoc test in SPSS software. The findings showed that the methods of acceptance and commitment-based therapy and schema therapy in compared to the control group improved the emotional expression among couples with marital burnout and the results remained in the follow-up phase (P<0.05). Other findings showed that there was no significant difference between the methods of acceptance and commitment-based therapy and schema therapy in improving the emotional expression among couples with marital burnout (P>0.05). Considering the effectiveness of both methods on improving emotional expression and the lack of significant difference between them, it is suggested to counselors and therapists to use both mentioned methods along with other treatment methods to improve emotional expression.

The aim of this research was to investigate the effectiveness of rational emotive behavior therapy on executive functions and academic procrastination of children with sluggish cognitive tempo. The research method was semi-experimental with a pre-test and post-test design with a control group. The statistical population included all children aged 11 to 14 years in the 2nd district of Qom province in 2022, who were meet criteria of sluggish cognitive tempo symptoms based on the psychologist's/psychiatrist's diagnosis. From this statistical population, a sample of 10 children were selected by purposeful sampling and randomly assigned to two groups of 5 people (experimental and control). For the experimental group, rational emotive behavior therapy was implemented in 9 sessions of 45 minutes. The research tools included measure of sluggish cognitive tempo (MSCT, Penny et al., 2009), the coolidge personality and neuropsychological inventory for children (CPNI, Coolidge et al., 2002) and academic procrastination test (APT, Savari, 2011). Data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of covariance. Results showed that by controlling the pretest, there are significant differences between experimental and control groups in the average scores of executive functions and academic procrastination at posttest. Based on these findings, it can be concluded that rational emotive behavior therapy is effective in reducing executive function problems and academic procrastination in children with sluggish cognitive tempo.

One of the important functions in the football game is the decision-making function, which should be improved and promoted. Therefore, the current research was conducted with the aim of determining and comparing the effectiveness of teaching game for understanding, sports teaching and their combination on the decision-making performance in the football game of students. The present research method was semi-experimental with a pre-test and post-test design without a control group. The statistical population of this study was all male students aged 10 to 12 years in Tehran city in the fourth to sixth grades. The sample of the research was 60 people who were selected by the purposive sampling method and randomly replaced in three experimental groups. The research tool was game performance evaluation tool (Gutierrez et al, 2011), which evaluates game performance from different aspects including decision-making (passing, dribbling and shooting). The first experimental group was trained with the method of teaching game for understanding, the second experimental group was trained with the method of sports teaching 15 sessions, and the third experimental group was trained with their combination method. The data were analyzed with the methods of paired t-test, one-way analysis of variance and LSD post hoc test in SPSS version 25 software at a significance level of 0.05. The results showed that all three methods of teaching game for understanding, sports teaching and their combination improved the decision-making performance in the football game of students (P<0.001). Also, there was a significant difference between the three groups in terms of decision-making performance; So that the effectiveness of teaching game for understanding was higher in compared to sports teaching and their combination, and in addition, the effectiveness of combined teaching was higher in compared to sports teaching (P<0.001). According to the results of the present research, to improve the decision-making performance in the football game of students can use the method of teaching game for understanding, method of combining teaching game for understanding and sports teaching, and finally, the method of sports teaching.