نشریه مطالعات توسعه اجتماعی - فرهنگی
سال یازدهم شماره 4 (پیاپی 44، بهار 1402)

The relationship between man and the environment is always changing. Entering the age of industry and modernity, humans have changed their lifestyle based on instrumental rationality and with selfish and one-sided decisions, they have created many environmental crises that worry and worry the public in different societies and the environmental issue has become a global and social issue. In this regard, the current research has also been conducted with the aim of sociological investigation of factors affecting environmental activities. The research method of the current study is survey type. The statistical population includes all environmental activists in Marivan and Baneh cities, 385 of who were selected through Cochran's statistical formula and stratified probability sampling in order to collect information. The data collection tool is a researcher-made questionnaire based on the qualitative part of this research, and the data analysis software is SPSS software. The results of Pearson's r correlation test show that the correlation between all the independent variables of the research includes attitude towards environmental activity as a political matter, attitude towards environmental activity as an aesthetic matter, attitude towards environmental activity as an economic matter, attitude towards Environmental activity as a religious matter and attitude towards environmental activity as a health matter were statistically confirmed with the environmental activity variable at a significance level less than 0.01. Also, the results of the multivariate regression analysis indicate that the independent variables in the regression model have been able to explain and predict 65.4% of the changes in environmental activities. Meanwhile, the environmental activity variable as an aesthetic issue has had the greatest impact on the dependent variable.

Today, neglecting the social and environmental concepts in housing has caused constructions to be measured in the form of a quantitative relationship, that is, the quantitative and numerical relationship of humans economically with the physical dimensions of housing or the people living in it. Thus, considering social values and concepts such as justice in housing has been violated. Therefore, the current research, recognizes the sensitivity of the issue of housing and its role on people's perception of social justice, has found the necessity of payment in this field by relying on the relationship between three environmental, social and physical factors related to housing; with the aim of explaining the role of housing on people's perception of social justice in Tehran as case study. The applied research is a combination of qualitative and quantitative research. Data analysis is done with SPSS version 27 and Smart PLS version 3 software. Findings show that there is a significant relationship between all three environmental, social and physical factors (p<0.05). The direction of the relationship between all three factors is positive and the factors are correlated with each other and affect the citizens' perception of justice; in general, citizens do not consider the housing situation in Tehran fair.

Early marriage, which is known as a global problem, is still widely practiced in Khuzestan province and Ahvaz city. This qualitative study aims to discover and interpret the formation of early marriage from the point of view of married girls and has been conducted with a descriptive-interpretive phenomenological approach. The participants in the research have been selected by purposive sampling method and are interviewed in-depth using open-ended questions, and the information has been saturated with 22 participants. The data obtained after each interview has been analyzed with Smith's (1997) thematic model. Descriptive information obtained from the interview using the researcher's observations and notes and constant comparisons obtained 34 primary concepts, 11 sub-categories and 4 main categories. The findings show that four groups of contexts play a role in the formation of early marriage of women in Ahvaz city, which are: cultural contexts (belief in the effectiveness of early marriage, traditions of patriarchy and family marriage, and lifestyle in accordance with the conditions), social contexts (confirmation by marriage, expedient marriage and freedom from family problems), economic conditions (financial facilities for the marriage process,motivation to finance and freedom from financial problems) and personal factors (misconceptions about joint life and negligence and neglect of responsibilities) cohabitation). As a result of early marriage of women in Ahvaz city, it is mainly rooted in cultural and social contexts, then economic conditions and personal factors.

The purpose of this research is to investigate the challenges of citizenship education based on the perception of Afghan immigrant students, with the aim of describing and interpreting the lived experiences of the components of citizenship education. The research method included the community of parents and students in the primary level of the 4th district of Alborz province, including 6 immigrant girls and 10 immigrant boys. The data collection tool was a semi-structured interview that has been continued until data saturation and analyzed using the Strabert and Carpenter method. After analyzing the data and removing the common codes, a conceptual code that expressed the experiences of the participants was extracted and categorized into 10 main themes. The findings of the present research indicate that the responses of the interviewees can be classified in the areas of environmental protection, based on the analysis of the interviews, indicating the themes of environmental protection, rights and duties of citizenship, empathy, responsibility, respect for the rights of others, cooperation, discrimination, the spirit of seeking justice, criticizing and accepting criticism, and establishing communication are the themes. The themes of discrimination, empathy, cooperation, communication are the themes that the interviewees had the most challenges regarding the quality and quantity of it, according to the experience in education in Iran, is significant based on the analysis of the above themes, gender bias in favor of men and the marginal role of women is one of the distinct distinctions of the interviewees.

The increase of social capital in long term has important effects on the mentality of the residents of the neighborhood, mutual trust, solidarity, participation in neighborhood affairs, etc., and when achieved, the quality of life in the neighborhood grows accordingly. In this regard, the present study, an attempt has been made to measure the amount of social capital and the level of quality of life among the residents of the neighborhoods of Rafsanjan city with a sociological approach and survey method, and finally to investigate the effect of social capital on their quality of life. In this research, all the residents aged 18 years and older are part of the statistical population, and according to Cochran's formula, 383 people have been selected by cluster sampling method proportional to the volume. The data collection tool is a researcher-made questionnaire, and the description and analysis of the data has been done using Spss software. The results of the research findings show that there is no significant difference between women and men in terms of the amount of social capital and quality of life, but there is a significant difference between income groups and the amount of social capital and their quality of life. Also, there is a significant difference between the different periods of people's residence and the amount of social capital and their quality of life. The results of multiple regression analysis show there is a correlation of 0.508 between research variables. Also, about 25% of the dependent variable changes are predicted by the social capital variable, and among the components of social capital, trust has the greatest impact on the quality of life of city residents.

In this study, we are looking for a sociological explanation of women's approach to body management and socio-cultural factors affecting it. The target group of this study is the women of districts 1 and 17 of Tehran. In the current research method, the quantitative-survey method is used based on this, with the multi-stage cluster sampling method, 384 people have been selected as the sample size from the population of two regions, 1 and 17, and the necessary information has been collected using the questionnaire technique. The findings show that demographic variables and social factors with variables such as (social interactions equal to 0.0911, socio-economic base equal to 0.189, consumerism equal to 0.126) and cultural factors with variables such as (group reference values (0.116) are related to body management. It seems necessary to redefine beauty and change the perspective and attitude and create a new approach in redefining body management.

Conflict is natural and a characteristic of all social organizations. In governmental and non-governmental organizations, they are always faced with the problem of differences between human resources (managers-employees) at the headquarters and line levels. This happens in cooperatives and companies for various reasons. Based on this, the leading research aims to investigate the sociological factors affecting the occurrence of our differences between the worker and the employer. The research method is quantitative (survey). The sample size is based on Cochran's formula and 384 people have been selected by random cluster sampling. Friedman's non-parametric test has been used to rank the indicators. Descriptive findings show that the average age of respondents is 38.57 years, 25% of respondents are female and 75% are male, 92.7% have insurance history and 7.3% are uninsured. The results of Friedman's test show that among the psychological factors (lack of motivation at work, stress on the part of the parties and being stressed while doing the job and being quick-tempered when problems arise), in the dimension of individual factors (lack of communication skills, lack of proper employee-employer interaction, excessive work procrastination), in terms of occupational factors (a large amount of work and little time to do it, constant abandonment of work by the worker and repetitive and monotonous work), in terms of economic factors (insufficient salary to solve personal and life problems, Lack of incentives and rewards commensurate with the performance of human resources, non-payment of benefits and bonuses on certain days), in the environmental factor dimension (lack of environmental order and discipline, not observing work safety, wet environment), in the organizational factor dimension (lack of work contract, settlements prematurely, short-term contracts), in the aspect of cultural factors (ignorance of religious duties, lack of attention to Islamic and social values), in the aspect of social factors (lack of feeling of group support, not observing social affairs, low trust between colleagues) in the occurrence of differences among the worker-employer has had the greatest role and influence.

The study aims to the relationship between parenting style and mental health with addiction readiness of Kerman students. The present research is of a descriptive-correlation type and the statistical population included all male and female students of the secondary school in the 2nd district of Kerman in the year 1400-1401. Using Cochran's formula, 360 male and female students have been selected. The sampling method in this research is based on multi-stage cluster sampling. To collect information, questionnaires on readiness for addiction, parenting methods and mental health have been used, and Spss24 software applied for data analysis. The findings indicate that the level of mental health shows a significant difference according to gender, and according to the average obtained, boys have lower mental health than girls (p<0.05). There is a significant relationship between parenting styles and mental health of male and female students with readiness for addiction (p<0.05). Also, in the prediction of the effect of independent factors on readiness for addiction in male and female students, it is found that the variable of paranoid thoughts is the most important variable affecting readiness for addiction in both groups of student.