فصلنامه علوم روانشناختی
پیاپی 135 (خرداد 1403)

The role of mathematics in the present digital world is very important. Due to its nature, mathematics is mostly disliked by students, especially those with learning disorders. Using e-learning in mobile environments and new teaching methods, the complementary sessions needed for students with learning disorders can be enriched. This group of students is most of the time forgotten. This study investigated the impact of adaptive game-based instruction on the mathematical performance of students with mathematics learning disorders.

The present study was conducted to investigate the impact of adaptive game-based instruction on the mathematical performance of students with learning difficulty in a mobile learning environment.

The current research design was the quasi-experimental type of pre-test-post-test and control group. The statistical population of the research included the students with a mathematics learning disorder in Malard, Tehran, in the second grade of primary school, in the academic year of 2022-2023 from which 10 samples were available that randomly were divided into two groups: experimental (5 people) and control (5 people). The experimental group attended 8 educational sessions in the Shad mobile environment in June 2023 using Shad facilities including messenger and games which are proposed by the experts of the Ministry of Education. For the pre-test and post-test, the questions from the Kangaroo Mathematics Competition 2021 were used and the data were analyzed using SPSS26 and univariate analysis of variance.

The research findings show that there is a meaningful difference between pre-test and post-test (F= 25.878, p= 0.001). There is also a meaningful difference between the control group and the experimental group in the post-test (F= 6.392, p= 0.039). According to the obtained results, it was concluded that adaptive game-based instruction has a positive impact on the mathematical performance of students with learning disorders in a mobile learning environment.

The results showed that using game-based adaptive learning in a mobile learning environment for students with mathematics learning disorder can help these students improve their mathematical performance at their preferred pace and content with educational support. As Shad environment facilities are available for all students in Iran, schools and learning disorder centers can use game-based adaptive instruction in Shad environment to help the students improve their performance through ongoing learning.

Pornography is one of the addictive and high-risk sexual behaviors that can play a role in different dimensions of people's mental health. People involved in pornography addiction suffer from mental, emotional, cognitive problems which have a negative effect on their life.

The aim of this study was to investigating the General health status of people with pornography addiction: comparison with the normal group.

This research is a causal-comparative study. The statistical population of the present study includes all men aged 18 to 35 with pornography addiction and normal in Urmia city in the spring and summer of 2023.
The statistical population of the present study includes all men aged 18 to 35 in Urmia city in the spring and summer of 2023. To determine the sample size, by referring to the GPower sample size software, 36 people with pornography addiction and 36 people who did not have pornography addiction were selected using the available sampling method and completed the pornography addiction questionnaire of Kerr et al (2014) and Goldberg's & Hiller general health questionnaire (1972). The data was analyzed by multivariate analysis of variance and by SPSS 19 software.

The results showed that there was a significant difference between the two groups in anxiety and insomnia (P< 0.05) and depression (P< 0.01), but there was no significant difference between groups in somatic symptoms and and social dysfunction (P< 0.05).

According to the obtained results, it can be said that pornography addiction can lead to more depression, anxiety and and insomnia; Therefore, it is suggested to use preventive and therapeutic interventions to reduce the tendency to pornography in groups exposed to this addiction

Today, new social harms have emerged at the level of schools, which overshadowed the personal and academic lives of many students. Considering the importance of cyberbullying, Internet addiction and alexithymia, as well as the gap in research, it seems necessary to provide a coherent model in this field and conduct more studies.

The purpose of the present study was to present a model of self-esteem and Internet addiction in secondary school students based on cyberbullying with the mediating role of alexithymia.

The current research was a description of the type of correlation and structural equation studies. The statistical population of the research included all female students of second secondary schools in Yasuj city in the academic year of 2022-2023. 250 people were selected by cluster sampling method and the questionnaires of cyberbullying by Setin et al. (2011), Rosenberg's self-esteem (1963), Internet addiction Young (1999) and alexithymia Bagby et al. (1994) responded enthusiastically. Finally, the data were collected and analyzed by Pearson correlation and structural equations modeling using SPSSV19 and AMOSV20 software.

The results showed that cyberbullying had a positive, direct and significant effect on alexithymia and internet addiction and a negative, direct and significant effect on self-esteem
(P< 0.01). Also, alexithymia had a mediating role in the relationship between cyberbullying and self-esteem and Internet addiction (P< 0.01).

In the end, it can be said that the final model of the research has a good fit, and therefore, the awareness of teachers, managers, parents, students and other experts in the field of education about the variables of this model can help prevent new social harms in schools.

Many of the risky behaviors of adolescence are caused by emotional disturbances resulting from the changes of puberty. The mental health of students at the threshold of puberty is directly related to academic and personal-social performance. In addition, boys and girls have obvious gender differences in perception, cognition, memory, and neurological functions. These differences may be attributed to various genetic, hormonal, and environmental factors. However, the results of previous researche in this field are inconsistent and insufficient.

The present study was conducted to compare the Psychological well-being, Cognitive-emotional regulation, and Brain-behavioral system of middle school male and female students in Havigh city.

The present research is a causal- comparative research. The research population included all the male and female students of the middle school level of Department of Education and Training schools in Havigh region (Talesh city) in the educational year of 2022-2023, who were selected by voluntary and available sampling method, 50 people in each group. In order to collect data, psychological well-being questionnaires (Ryff, 1989), cognitive-emotional regulation (Garnefski et al., 2001), and brain - behavioral systems Inventory (Carver and White, 1994) were used, which were analyzed with the statistical test of multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) and SPSS-24 software were analyzed.

The results showed statistically significant differences between the two groups of male and female students in psychological well-being scores (F= 12.82 and P< 0.01), and positive cognitive-emotional regulation (F= 34.88 and P< 0.01), negative cognitive-emotional regulation (F= 24.97 and P> 0.01), behavioral inhibition system (F= 14.62 and P< 0.01), and behavioral activation system
(F= 9.16 and P> 0.01).

According to the findings of the current research; The difference between the two genders in psychological well-being, emotional cognitive regulation and behavioral brain system can cause the different performance and exposure of male and female students in dealing with the problems of adolescence and puberty.

The phenomenon of marital infidelity is a painful experience for the other party, which can make a person suffer psychologically. A review of research shows that women affected by infidelity have problems in terms of marital loneliness, emotional Divorce, Alexithymia, and psychological capital and need special attention for psychological interventions.

The present study was conducted with the aim of determining the effectiveness of emotion-focoused therapy on marital loneliness, emotional Divorce, Alexithymia, and psychological capital in women affected by infidelity.

The research method was semi-experimental with a pre-test and post-test design with a control group and a follow-up test period. Among the women affected by marital infidelity in Tehran in 2022, 30 people were selected as available research samples according to the inclusion criteria and randomly replaced in two experimental and control groups. The tools used in this research included marital burnout questionnaires (Pines, 1996), emotional Divorce (Gutman, 2001), Alexithymia (Begby et al., 1994) and psychological capital (Luthans et al., 2007). Data were analyzed with SPSS 23 software and analysis of variance with repeated measures.

The findings showed that there was a significant difference between the mean of the pre-test and the follow-up test of the experimental and control groups in terms of marital Burnout, Emotional Divorce, Alexithymia, and psychological capital. In other words, EFT reduced marital Burnout, Emotional Divorce, Alexithymia, and increased the psychological capital of women affected by marital infidelity (p<0.001).

Based on the findings, it can be concluded that emotional therapy is effective in improving marital boredom, emotional Divorce, Alexithymia, and psychological capital, and this therapy can be used to improve the psychological status of women affected by marital infidelity.

In recent research, defects in cognitive processes have been proposed as one of the cognitive causal hypotheses, and psychological interventions can help to improve this disorder. Acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) focuses on increasing psychological flexibility, which is the ability to pay attention to experiences in the present without bias. Metacognitive therapy (MCT) also emphasizes how a person responds to his/her thoughts and how he/she communicates with them. Conducting comparative research on these two types of treatment in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder has received less attention.

The study aimed to compare the effectiveness of ACT and MCT in reducing insufficient executive functioning in obsessive-compulsive patients.

The current research design was a semi-experimental pre-test-post-test type with a control group. The statistical population of the research included all patients suffering from obsessive-compulsive disorder who were referred to counseling centers and psychological services in Kermanshah City in 2022. 45 of these patients were purposefully selected and randomly divided into two experimental groups (a treatment group based on acceptance and commitment and a metacognitive treatment group) and a control group (15 people in each group). The measuring tool in this research was the Wisconsin card sorting test of Grant and Berg (1993). The treatment protocol based on acceptance and commitment (Bach & Moran, 2008) and metacognitive therapy (Wells, 2008) were implemented during eight 60-minute sessions for the first and second experimental groups, respectively, but the control group did not receive any intervention. In order to analyze the data, one-way analysis of variance and SPSS-23 software were used.

The results of the one-way analysis of variance showed the effectiveness of both treatment models in increasing the number of completed classes, increasing the number of correct answers, and reducing the residual error (p<0.05). Also, based on the results of Toky Post Hoc test, a significant difference was observed between the two treatment groups in the research variable, And the treatment based on acceptance and commitment has been significantly more effective in increasing the number of classes completed, increasing the number of correct answers and reducing the error remaining in participants compared to metacognitive therapy. (p<0.05).

The study findings suggest that both treatments were effective in improving the executive function of obsessive-compulsive patients. However, the effectiveness of ACT was significantly higher than MCT.

Attention to social interactions is highlighted as a crucial component in the design of residential spaces. Neglecting environmental and behavioral psychological elements in the design of residential complexes can lead to problems in individual and social life. Despite the importance of this issue, a review of the literature in this field reveals few studies that focus on identifying environmental and behavioral psychological elements aimed at enhancing social interactions in the design of high-rise residential complexes.

The aim of the current research was to identify the psychological environmental and behavioral elements in enhancing social interactions in the design of high-rise residential complexes.

The present research employed a descriptive survey method. The population consisted of all residents of residential complexes in the city of Tehran, from which 11 residential complexes were selected using convenience sampling. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire consisting of 30 items. Sample size determination was conducted using Cochran's formula, resulting in 315 returned questionnaires out of 1000 distributed questionnaires, all of which were suitable for analysis. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS software version 25.

Based on the results and comparisons made, all three examined factors, namely physical, semantic, and functional features, have varying degrees of importance as influential factors on the level of social interactions in the open spaces of residential complexes (p< 0.001).

Creating and promoting local social networks and communication platforms for residents can help strengthen social connections and interactions among members of the community. These networks can facilitate the sharing of information related to neighborhood affairs, encourage participation in social activities and local events, and facilitate the formation of local groups and associations. By providing a digital space for residents to connect and engage with one another, these platforms can contribute to a sense of community cohesion and foster a supportive local environment.

The examination of the existing literature reveals a notable gap in research pertaining to the structural equation modeling approach to investigate the impact of academic self-efficacy on self-regulated learning among adolescents during quarantine periods.

The purpose of this research is to design a Structural equation model of the effect of Academic Self-efficacy on the Self- strategic learning of Adolescents During Guarantine Period.

The quantitative descriptive research method is a survey type. In this research, the statistical sample was considered using the random cluster sampling method, and 300 teenagers (girls) in the first half of high school, ninth grade in Tehran were selected as the final sample. 284 analyzable and free questionnaires have reached the stage of statistical analysis, as well as academic self-efficacy questionnaires by McIlroy and Bunting (2001), self-directed learning questionnaire by Fisher, King and Tago (2001) for data collection were used. To analyze the data, Pearson's correlation coefficient test and structural equations were used using SPSS and AMOS software.

Finally, based on the findings of the research, it was observed that academic self-efficacy has a significant positive effect on the self-directed learning of adolescents during quarantine with the value (Sig=0.0001, t=12.346) and the coefficient of influence (β=0.793), as well as the relationship model Appropriate research is necessary.

Therefore, it is suggested; With the active participation of students in learning, facing challenging experiences in learning, quick compensation for mistakes, more motivation to learn, the use of different strategies in learning by teachers can increase self-directed learning in students.

Sleep is one of the most important psychological and physiological processes for brain function and mental health that control human health. Sleep quality is essential in middle-aged society, and sleep problems in this society are recognized as a main risk factor for mental and physical health problems. So far, the effectiveness of various treatments have been performed to improve sleep quality in middle-aged people, but no study has compared cognitive behavioral therapy and acceptance and commitment therapy.

The present study was conducted with the aim of comparing the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy and acceptance and commitment-based therapy on improving insomnia in middle-aged people.

The research method was experimental with a pre-test and post-test design with a control group and a three-month follow-up. The statistical population of this research included all middle-aged men and women suffering from insomnia who referred to health centers in Hamedan city in 2022. 60 people were selected as available sampling and randomly divided into 3 groups of 20 people (two experimental groups and one control group), cognitive behavioral therapy, commitment and acceptance therapy and control group. The measurement tool in this research was the insomnia disorder questionnaire of Homai Maaz et al. (2023). The experimental groups were subjected to cognitive behavioral therapy based on acceptance and commitment for 9 sessions of 75 minutes respectively, and the control group received the usual treatment.

The findings showed that after the intervention, both treatment methods improved the insomnia disorder compared to the control group, and the treatment results were maintained in the follow-up period (p<0.001); However, acceptance and commitment therapy compared to cognitive behavioral therapy had a greater effect on the improvement of middle-aged insomnia disorder (p<0.001).

According to the research results, it can be said that cognitive behavioral therapy and acceptance and commitment therapy, along with other therapeutic methods, are suitable intervention methods for improving insomnia disorder in middle-aged people. Psychologists, clinical counselors, and therapists can reduce the problems of patients with insomnia disorder by holding psychological workshops such as cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia and acceptance and commitment therapy for insomnia as easy, accessible, and low-cost treatments to help these people.

Chronic diseases such as heart patients cause psychological changes in patients in addition to physical symptoms, which can increase the damage caused by this disease for individuals and society. Therefore, the necessity of research in the field of examining the psychological factors of these patients in order to increase their mental health is significant.

The present study was conducted with the aim of determining the mediating role of psychological distress and self-efficacy in explaining the causal relationships between emotion regulation strategies and adherence to treatment in coronary heart disease patients.

The present research method was descriptive and correlation and structural equations type.
The statistical population of the study included all patients with coronary artery disease who had referred to Shahid Chamran Hospital in Isfahan in 2022. The statistical sample included 218 patients with coronary artery disease who were selected by purposeful sampling based on the research entry criteria. The tools used in the present research include questionnaires of adherence to the treatment of chronic diseases (Syd Fatemi et al., 2018), perceived social support (Zimmat et al., 1998), psychological distress (Lovibond & Lovibond, 1995), self-efficacy in cardiovascular disease management (Staka et al., 2015) and the Cognitive Emotion Regulation (Garnefski et al., 2006).
Data analysis was analyzed using two or multiple comparison and relational inferences in data analysis and SPSS.22 and Amos.22 software.

The findings of the present study showed that the causal model of treatment adherence based on emotion regulation strategies with the mediating role of psychological distress and self-efficacy in patients with coronary heart disease has a good fit (P>0.05).

The results of this research can help patients with coronary artery disease to achieve effective strategies to deal with the disease and achieve a useful medical and psychological outcome by using psychological distress management and cardiovascular disease management self-efficacy

A decrease in positive emotional expressiveness, a decrease in intimacy expressiveness, and an increase in negative emotional expressiveness are related to marital incompatibility. Therefore, it is very important to improve emotional expressiveness in incompatible couples through couple therapy interventions, especially compassion-focused couple therapy, but there is a research gap in the effect of compassion-focused couple therapy on emotional expressiveness in the studied society.

The present study was conducted with the aim of determining the effectiveness of compassion-focused couple therapy on positive and negative emotional expressiveness and intimacy expressiveness of incompatible couples.

The design of the current research was semi-experimental, of pre-test-post-test type with a control group. The statistical population was all incompatible couples who referred to Sifa, Behin and Hamraz centers of counseling and psychological services of Khorramabadcity in 2023. A sample of 20 qualified couples was placed in two experimental and control groups using the targeted manner from the available type. Couples were evaluated based on Emotional Expressiveness Questionnaire (King & Emmons, 1990) in two stages of pre-test and post-test in both groups. The experimental group received compassion-focused couple therapy (Lotfi et al., 2021) over eight 60-minute sessions. Analysis of covariance and SPSS version 27 software were used for data analysis.

The findings of the present study showed that compassion-focused couple therapy was effective in increasing posiive emotional expressiveness and intimacy expresiveness, as well as reducing the negative emotional expressiveness of incompatible couples (p<0.01).

According to the findings, compassion-focused couple therapy by strengthening positive and adaptive emotions in couples, reducing negative emotions of couples, encouraging couples to express verbal and behavioral compassion and empathy towards their spouses and understanding the strengths and weaknesses of oneself and the spouse improves emotional expressiveness in incompatible couples. Therefore, compassion-focused couple therapy can be used to improve the emotional expressiveness of incompatible couples.

Leadership plays a vital role in the dynamics of the organization. The degree of success of the organization in reaching the predetermined goals, the amount of effort of the employees for the success of the organization and the effectiveness of the leader on the employees depends on the behaviors and leadership style. The development of organizational innovation and learning in order to obtain a sustainable competitive advantage and improve organizational performance requires the existence of suitable conditions and management styles, which are one of the effective factors in this field.

considering the importance of organizational performance based on leadership styles, this research aims to design a model for predicting organizational performance based on leadership styles and the mediating role of innovative culture and organizational learning.

The research method is inductive and qualitative. The statistical population consisted of experts and academic specialists who were selected as the sample size using the principle of saturation and the snowball sampling method. In order to collect data, semi-structured interviews were used. Data analysis was done using the qualitative data analysis method of Maxqda software.

Based on the findings of the research, the dimensions and components of leadership styles were identified in 8 categories, the dimensions and components of organizational innovative culture in 5 categories, and the dimensions and components of organizational learning in 7 categories. Based on the findings of this research, organizational performance can be developed and improved by using appropriate leadership style and implementing innovative culture and strengthening organizational learning.

According to the results of the research, it is suggested to use projects with high potential and based on meritocracy management and knowledge and expertise in sensitive and highly important categories in line with the development of suspended and forward-looking projects so that the performance of the organization through development Projects and the community's sense of need for these projects should be used to achieve the organization's goals.

Examining the psychological aspects of Isfahan style poetry and architecture from the perspective of Alfred Adler and Carl Gustav Jung's theory.

In this article, common psychological aspects of Esfahani style (Indian) poetry and Esfahani style architecture have been investigated.

The research method is library and its type is analytical-descriptive. After examining the characteristics and common psychological aspects of poetry and architecture of the Isfahani period, we have come to the conclusion that in addition to the social issues that affected poetry and architecture in the Safavid period, some aspects of psychology in this period also affected the style of poetry and The architecture of this period has left an impact. Among other things, due to the spread of poetry and art among the people and its departure from the court, signs of extroversion can be seen in the poetry and art of this period, and its representation is paying attention to the intellectual and imaginative tastes of the public instead of considering the opinions of the rulers.

This can be examined in the form of the "social interest" component of Alfred Adler's theory. This caused the poetry and architecture of this period to become general instead of being specialized and customized and developed based on the intellectual, imaginative and emotional taste of the public. Another common psychological aspect in the poetry and architecture of this period is the attention to beliefs and opinions that are presented as archetypes in the field of psychology and can be examined in the form of Jung's theory.

This aspect is also a result of popularization of poetry and architecture, and during this process, the common beliefs and ideas and archetypes of the general public of the people were manifested in the poetry and architecture of this period.

The relationship between the physical environment and the psychosocial atmosphere of schools can have a wide-ranging impact on students' academic performance, behaviors, emotions, and relationships. Therefore, analyzing the relationship between the physical development model of schools and the improvement of the psychosocial atmosphere can assist educators and administrators in creating conducive environments for the growth and development of students. Furthermore, it is noted that in many educational settings in Iran, there is a lack of indigenous models tailored to local societal conditions for improving the psychosocial atmosphere of schools. Hence, there is a need for the development of a native and suitable model for enhancing the psychosocial atmosphere of schools.

The aim of this study was to design a model for the physical development of schools to improve the psychosocial atmosphere of secondary schools.

In the present study, a data-driven approach was employed. The population of the study consisted of specialists, stakeholders, and expert managers in the field of school physical development located in the first district of Ahvaz, Iran. The sample size comprised 16 individuals selected through purposive sampling method. The data collection tool was semi-structured in-depth interviews. After transcribing the interviews, the collected data were analyzed through coding, involving three stages: open, axial, and selective coding.

The model extracted from the analysis of the research findings in the selective coding section was designed in the form of six main themes and 13 sub-themes. Four themes, namely architectural and environmental design, safety, covered spaces, open spaces, were identified as influential contextual conditions on the central phenomenon. Two themes were created regarding the contextual conditions for creating the studied phenomenon, and four components of school culture, social communication and participation, human resources, and emotional environment were identified as intervention factors.

The results indicate that for improving the psychological atmosphere of schools, attention to the design of the physical environment, particularly the classroom, is necessary. Based on the findings of this study, it can be suggested that education authorities, especially those responsible for school renovation, pay special attention to the issue of the school's physical environment tailored to the students' age. The architecture of the buildings and spaces of each educational level should be designed according to the spirits, age, and interests of the students.