نشریه مطالعات سیاسی جهان اسلام
پیاپی 48 (زمستان 1402)

The purpose of this article is to examine China-Syria relations and its impact on Turkey's regional power, and it tries to answer the question of how China-Syria relations in the years 2011 to 2021 have affected Turkey's regional power and interests.
To answer the purpose of this research, explanatory-analytical method has been used.
The geopolitical position of Turkey in the region of West Asia, the Black Sea and the Mediterranean has placed this country in the center of an important geopolitical environment in the world. After the instabilities caused by the Arab uprisings in the region in 2011, Turkey took a power-oriented approach to strengthen its regional power to protect its position against threats and challenges. In the meantime, the Syrian crisis has become a conflict between the interests of China and Turkey in the region, and China's support for the Syrian government has affected Turkey's regional power. In response and using the explanatory-analytical research method, the hypothesis of the article is that "China-Syria relations through China's political support to Bashar al-Assad and the establishment of economic and trade relations with this country have affected Turkey's regional power at this point and It has weakened it".
The findings of the research show that the establishment of political-economic relations between China and Syria and this country's support for Bashar al-Assad's government and Beijing's support for anti-terrorist operations in the region are in conflict with the interests of Turkey's regional power and have weakened this country's power-oriented approach in the region.

It is obvious that the political behavior of a nation arises from the political culture of that society, which will determine their destiny, and their current situation is also a sign of the political culture that has been institutionalized in the past generations. This research has been conducted with the aim of investigating the place of political culture in the developments of Afghanistan, from the fall of the Taliban to their re-establishment. The data of this research was conducted through semi-structured interviews with 35 people of Afghan nationality. Interviews have been extracted and analyzed by the method of ground theory, coding, and then their themes. According to the findings of this research, the platform that was formed in the development of an ethnic political culture at all levels of the Afghan society, along with causes such as the weak and corrupt performance of the government and the intervention of factors resulting from the negative performance of political institutions, caused the strategy of the Afghan nation to respond to these conditions. , to express feelings of hatred and despair towards the government, and to lose hope and despair towards the government. The consequence of this process was that Afghanistan still has a long way to go to democracy due to lack of necessary social base and structural weakness. The result of this incorrect procedure was the preparation of the necessary conditions for the re-rule of the Taliban.

One of the main discourses in the contemporary world is the issue of Islamophobia, which intensified from the second half of the 20th century with the occurrence of Islamic freedom-seeking movements and, most importantly, the Islamic Revolution of Iran, and in the meantime, Zionist Christians consider Shiites as a major threat. From the side of Islamic civilization, he thought for his religious beliefs and teachings and with the extensive guidance of the media, he tried to shape the public opinion of the world against the Shiites. Now the question is, what is the main goal of Zionist Christianity in promoting and propagating the issue of Islamophobia? The hypothesis states that Zionist Christianity is a cultural, political and discourse movement that, relying on Talmudic teachings and apocalyptic conflict, intends to destroy the most important enemy of Israel (Muslims) by promoting Islamophobia and cause the continuation of this regime. The theoretical framework of the article, inspired by the discourse analysis method of Laclau and Mofe, seeks to prove this hypothesis, which explains the desired indicators with the help of a descriptive method, and the results of the research show that the reason for this is largely due to their literal interpretations of the Bible. It is related that Muslims are always a potential threat to the existence of the Zionist regime

Due to its strategic importance, West Asia has caused multiple interventions by extra-regional powers, especially the United States of America. The Islamic Republic of Iran, with its policy of changing the status quo and adopting a policy of partnering with its strategic allies, has faced the expansionist policy of the United States. This article is prepared in response to the question that to what extent the US-Iranian military-security interests in West Asia have been effective in the strategic confrontation between the two governments.

The current research has been compiled in an explanatory-analytical way using library and internet resources and using the theory of realism.

Until 1979, Iran acted as a strategic ally of America in the region, after the Islamic revolution, it became the main actor of changing the status quo with a new governance plan, in opposition to the unilateralist interests of America. In order to maintain the superiority, the stability of the oil market and the commitment to the strategic allies of the region, America has destabilized the security in this part of the world and by creating a crisis, it has allocated a lot of money with the aim of containing Iran and the axis of resistance.

West Asia is important because of its strategic position for the promotion of American interests, including the protection of the Zionist regime and the free flow of oil. Iran's location at the world's transportation crossroads plays a role as a driving engine against the interests of America and its allies. For this reason, the United States has put a lot of effort into developing the military base, emphasizing the protection of its military-security interests and partners, Iranophobia policy, containment of Iran, establishment of offensive systems, sectarian and proxy war.

This paper compares the soft power and cultural relations of Iran and Türkiye in the South Caucasus republics and compares the cultural diplomacy of both states in this region, especially after the collapse of the Soviet Union. The purpose of this research is to investigate the success rate of Iran's cultural diplomacy in the South Caucasus region compared to Türkiye's cultural diplomacy in this region.

This paper relies on the theory of cultural diplomacy, examines the diplomacy and cultural relations of Iran and Türkiye in the South Caucasus region in a descriptive-analytical and comparative manner.

Türkiye has somehow been more successful by significantly expanding its cultural relations with the Republic of Azerbaijan and Georgia by using various tools and quite active political stances, compared to Iran, which has used fewer tools and has mostly played a neutral role in the political issues of the South Caucasus. Although, historically, civilizationally, culturally, and religiously, Iran has more capacities for success and greater influence in the South Caucasus; But it has not been very successful in actualizing these potential capacities.

It seems that one of the reasons for the weakness of Iran's cultural diplomacy in the Caucasus compared to Türkiye could be Tehran's greater attention to the Arab states of West Asia; Contrary to Türkiye's emphasis on the priority of developing its relations with the Turkic-speaking states of Central Asia and the Caucasus, and in this way and with a regionalist approach, it also expands its cultural relations with Georgia, Tajikistan, and even Armenia.

"Islamophobia" is a part of the existence of the discourse in the epistemic framework of the intellectual system in the Western world and has been influencing the political and cultural views of Western societies towards Muslim societies for decades. Since one of the sources of knowledge of Islam, especially in Western and sometimes Muslim societies, is the Encyclopedia of Islam, many references to the Encyclopedia of Islam in contemporary scientific research and its place among Islamic scholars. Studies and world fame have caused the goal of this research to be far from the essentialist point of view to the achievements of oriental studies and to attribute Islamophobia to the authors of the articles of the encyclopedia of Islam. This research seeks to answer the question of how Islamophobia is manifested in the representation of Islamic history and heritage in the articles of the Encyclopedia of Islam (EI2). What methods are used to create the image of Islamophobia in these articles? This article is done in a descriptive-analytical way, relying on the methods of inference and qualitative questioning. Several entry authors by presenting a concealed interpretation within the envelope of reality, reducing the characteristics of the Islamic elite to a few simplistic and exaggerated depictions of negative traits, omitting or distort certain aspects of reality, amplify or diminish the significance of event, selecting, method of organization and arranging the contents, and pouring the information in a specific interpretative framework aligned with their tendency or interests, have renovated an Islamophobic portrayal of historical events related to the beginning of Islam. In describing the historical events of early Islam with methods such as image-making, stereotyping, gatekeeping, agenda setting, and framing, we have represented a distinct image of Islam, which leads to fear and hatred in the minds of the audience.