Iranian Evolutionary and Educational Psychology Journal
Volume:6 Issue: 1, Mar 2024

The aim of this study was to assess the level of electronic mental health literacy among parents of preschool children and to investigate the relationship between their literacy level and their knowledge of common mental health disorders and their children's problems.

Survey data were collected from 14 preschool children in Zanjan City and analyzed using descriptive statistical methods. Parents completed online mental health status questionnaires about their knowledge of common mental health disorders among children.

The results indicated that the electronic mental health literacy of parents was high, while their knowledge of their children's mental health disorders was low. Only 8.6% of them were able to correctly diagnose all three disorders presented, and among them, 40% diagnosed attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, 20% diagnosed autism, and 6.35% diagnosed separation anxiety disorder.  Parents with high levels of electronic mental health literacy were receptive to professional help and sought information to solve their children's behavioral problems. Children of parents with low electronic mental health literacy were more likely to experience higher rates of mental disorders. The risk of children of parents with low electronic mental health literacy being more prone to mental disorders.

The research findings are used to inform stakeholders about the use of online resources in diagnosing children's mental health status and promoting timely intervention

Reading disorders are one of the neuro-cognitive problems that cause academic and psychological problems for affected students. The aim of the present study was to compare the effectiveness of executive function training and intervention based on cognitive games in reducing neurocognitive problems of elementary school dyslexic students.

The current research is a semi-experimental type of research. Based on this, 45 elementary dyslexic students were randomly selected from among the students studying at the elementary level in Bandar Abbas city in 2021. They were placed in 3 groups of 15 people (two experimental groups and one control group). Conners' Continuous Performance Test was used to collect data in two stages, pre-test and post-test. The training package of executive functions and intervention based on cognitive games was taught to the participants of the first and second experimental groups, respectively, during 10 sessions of 90 minutes, one session per week; nonetheless, the participants in the control group did not receive any intervention in this regard.

The results of multivariate covariance analysis showed that both the intervention of executive functions and the intervention based on cognitive games have a significant effect on reducing the neurological problems in dyslexic students, but the educational package of cognitive games has a more significant effect in reduction of neurological problems.

The results pertain predominantly to the significance of cognitive games in enhancing the executive functions of students. It is proposed as an efficacious intervention for teachers and parents.

The societal stability and continuity depend on the correlation among the constituent elements of the social structure. In order to investigate the relationship between the use of global mass media and social cohesion among the residents of Barazjan city, the present study was conducted.

The survey was employed as the research method and the data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire. The statistical population of the study consisted of the citizens of Barazjan city who were over 18 years old, with a total number of approximately 85,000. The sample size, based on the sample power method, was determined to be 384.

The findings of the research revealed that there is a negative and significant relationship between the use of global mass media (P = -0.31) and its dimensions, namely the use of the Internet (P = -0.30), the use of satellite (P = -0.38), and the use of social networking (P = 0.31), with the level of social cohesion among the residents of Barazjan city. Furthermore, the results of the structural equation model indicated that the use of global mass media had a negative impact on social cohesion (-0.53) and accounted for 0.28 of the variances in the social cohesion variable.

The practical implications of these findings can be beneficial for social cohesion planners and provide valuable information for social managers.

Online learning is an area that reflects the integration of technology in education. Moreover, pragmatic knowledge, as an important part of EFL learning, cannot be neglected in EFL research. The pivotal role of meta-cognitive strategies is also undeniable in EFL learning.

This qualitative study sought to delve into the perceptions of EFL learners on the effectiveness of online meta-cognitive strategies training on their pragmatic knowledge. The participants included 20 conveniently selected female Iranian intermediate EFL learners who were studying EFL at a private language institute in Yazd, Iran. Data collection was done via a semi-structured interview. Data analysis was done through thematic analysis.

The results uncovered the following perceptions: Improving productive skills, improving eagerness to learn English pragmatics, decreasing exhaustion, increasing learning control, increasing learning preservation, increasing self-esteem, changing self-concept, and improving class interaction. These findings have implications for EFL teachers, learners, and curriculum planners. EFL teachers can effectively incorporate online meta-cognitive strategies training into their pragmatics teaching strategies. EFL learners are recommended to take advantage of online meta-cognitive strategies training to have more agency in learning, learn pragmatics for a longer time, experience higher levels of self-esteem and self-concept and enjoy more interactions with their classmates.

EFL curriculum developers can integrate online meta-cognitive strategies training into future curricula, enriching pragmatics learning experiences of EFL learners.

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the relationship between clinical disorders and personality traits by emphasizing on computer games in high school students of Marvdasht city.

This research is practical in terms of its purpose and descriptive of the correlational type based on the method of data collection. The statistical population of this research included all students of the second level secondary schools of Morvdasht city in 2018-2019, and 100 people were selected as the sample size using staged cluster sampling method. To collect data, SCL-90-R test, McCree and Costa (1985) personality traits questionnaire and computer game addiction questionnaire were used. In addition to descriptive methods, Pearson's correlation coefficient, Pearson's correlation and step-by-step regression analysis were used for data analysis.

The results showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between clinical disorders and students' addiction to computer games. Also, there is a negative and significant relationship between all the components of personality traits with the criterion variable of students' addiction to computer games. After performing multiple regression, the obtained R2 value showed that 88% of the total variance of students' dependence on computer games was explained by the variables included in the model. According to the beta values of physical complaints (Beta=0.504), anxiety (Beta=0.337), neuroticism (Beta=0.220), and agreeableness (Beta=0.063) as the strongest variables for predicting students' dependence on computer games.

The findings support the role of personality traits in students' dependence on computer games.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy of acceptance and commitment-based treatment on empathy and interpersonal relationships in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder.

This study employed a semi-experimental research design, utilizing a pre-test, post-test with a control group. The statistical population of the study consisted of all patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder seeking treatment in psychiatric clinics in Tehran in 2022. A total of 30 participants (15 in the experimental group and 15 in the control group) were selected through the accessible sampling method. Data collection tools included the Basic Empathy Scale ((Heinke & Louis, 2009)) and Trust in Close Relationships (Rempel & Holmes, 1986). The intervention, which involved acceptance and commitment-based treatment, was administered over 8 sessions of 90 minutes each, once a week, to the experimental group, while the control group did not receive any training. Data analysis was performed using covariance analysis.

The results of multivariate covariance analysis indicated that in the experimental group, there was a significant increase in the mean of empathy scores after the intervention. Similarly, the mean of scores for interpersonal relationships increased after the intervention (P<0.01).

The results generally endorse the efficacy of third wave psychotherapies, such as Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), in relation to emotional and interpersonal consequences.

he objective of this study was to investigate the impact of the Bybee five-step model (5E) teaching method on the academic engagement and academic self-efficacy of 6th grade students in experimental sciences in Bushehr.

The research design employed was quasi-experimental, using a pre-test and post-test design with a control group. The statistical population consisted of 671 sixth grade students in Bushehr city during the academic year of 2022. The sample size of the study consisted of 30 individuals who were selected using the accessible sampling method and were divided into two groups: experimental and control. The research instruments used were Rio's (2013) academic engagement questionnaires and Jing and Morgan's (1999) academic self-efficacy questionnaires.

The findings of the study revealed that the implementation of Bybee's five-step model (5E) training enhanced each component of academic engagement, namely behavioral engagement, agent engagement, cognitive engagement, and emotional engagement, in the experimental group compared to the control group. Furthermore, the teaching method based on the five-step Bybee model (5E) improved each component of academic self-efficacy, including aptitude, context, and effort, in the experimental group compared to the control group.

In conclusion, this research highlights the significance of incorporating innovative educational methods that encourage critical thinking, foster effective learning, and cultivate lifelong learners among students

This study aims to investigate the potential mediation role of purpose in life in the association between resilience and happiness among university students.

A sample of 410 students from the University of Shiraz and the University of Hormozgan participated in this research using a convenience sampling method in the 2022-2023 academic year. To collect data, the Resilience Scale (RS-14; Wagneild, 2009; Hashemi et al., 2018), the Measure of Happiness (MH; Rizzato et al., 2022; Tavoosi et al., in press), the Purpose in Life Test-Short Form (PIL-SF; Schulenberg et al., 2011; Tavoosi et al., in press) were used.

Results indicated that resilience and purpose in life were predictors of happiness, accounting for 34% and 62% of the variance, respectively. Also, resilience predicts 35% of the variance of purpose in life. The results of the model showed that purpose in life plays a mediating variable in the association between resilience and happiness.

The findings of the present research provide evidence that people with higher resilience have a purpose in their lives, and having a purpose in life can increase psychological well-being so that people with a purpose in life report higher levels of happiness.

The purpose of this research was to design a model for improving the professional qualifications of academic-applied university lecturers with an organizational learning approach.

This study was a mixed exploratory design that was conducted in two qualitative and quantitative stages. The statistical population of this research in the qualitative part includes managers and vice-presidents of Razavi Khorasan Scientific-Applied University, university professors and experts in the relevant field, who were selected by purposive sampling method (25 people). In the quantitative part, the dimensions and components were extracted in the form of a questionnaire from the interviews. The sample was considered 351 people based on Morgan's table. Structural equations were used to examine the main research question and fit the model to the data.

The findings showed that professional competence has five dimensions (moral competence, knowledge competence, attitudinal competence, perceptual competence and behavioral competence) and 21 components. The highest priority is with the dimension of academic competence. Also, organizational learning has four dimensions (commitment, continuous learning, empowerment, and knowledge management) and 19 components, and the highest priority is the empowerment dimension. The impact of organizational learning on the promotion of professional competence showed that organizational learning has a 63% effect on professional competence in general.

As a result, managers and officials should take steps by holding classes, gatherings, conferences and workshops in order to improve the academic status and practical activity of professors to increase the practical participation of professors in personal and large-scale projects.

The enhancement of resilience, a psychological characteristic, can be achieved through addressing the various challenges and issues faced during adolescence.

Consequently, this study aimed to investigate the impact of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) on the resilience levels of high school students. Employing a semi-experimental design with a pre-test and post-test, as well as a control group, the research encompassed a 90-day follow-up period. From a pool of 10th and 11th grade students, 30 participants were randomly selected and assigned to either the experimental or control group, with each consisting of 15 individuals. The experimental group underwent 12 sessions of 90-minute cognitive-behavioral therapy. Throughout the study, the research participants completed Connor and Davidson's resilience questionnaire on three occasions: pre-test, post-test, and follow-up. The data obtained were subjected to analysis using repeated measures analysis of variance and analysis of covariance.

Notably, the application of cognitive-behavioral therapy yielded a significant improvement in the resilience of high school students (p<0.001).

Consequently, this study demonstrates the potential of cognitive-behavioral therapy as an effective intervention for enhancing the resilience of high school students

The primary aim of this study is to examine the impact of interactive and non-interactive multimedia education on the citizenship skills and social intelligence of sixth grade elementary school boys.

The research design employed in this study is semi-experimental, using a pre-test-post-test design with a control group. The study encompasses all primary boys' schools in the second period of Shiraz city, with a sample of 60 participants selected through available sampling, divided into two groups of 30 individuals (experimental group and control group). The research utilizes various instruments such as the citizenship skills questionnaire, the social intelligence scale, as well as interactive and non-interactive multimedia tools.

The obtained data were analyzed using univariate and multivariate covariance analysis, revealing a positive and statistically significant impact of multimedia-based education on social intelligence, citizenship skills, and other factors including self-confidence, decision-making abilities, orderliness, responsibility, emotion control, conflict resolution, acceptance of others, ability to participate, and environmental preservation. Moreover, multimedia education demonstrates a positive and significant influence on social information processing and social awareness.

Consequently, this study demonstrates the potential of interactive and non-interactive multimedia education as an effective intervention for enhancing the citizenship skills and social intelligence

Parents always hold certain expectations for their offspring, and these expectations tend to vary in old age compared to middle-age and youth. Consequently, the primary objective of this study is to ascertain the expectations of elderly men and women in Tehran based on their gender.

This research adopts a practical orientation, utilizing a deductive-inductive approach and qualitative research methodology. The study is based on documentary analysis and in-depth interviews conducted with elderly individuals residing in Tehran. The statistical population consists of 31 elderly individuals (17 women and 14 men), and interviews were conducted until theoretical saturation was achieved. The analysis of the interviews involved coding and employing the contextual analysis method, leading to the identification and presentation of main categories in the final model for elderly men and women.

The findings indicate that men and women have distinct expectations from their children. The extracted codes were classified into three broad categories: social expectations, societal expectations, and emotional-psychological expectations. Men expressed the highest expectations in the realms of economic and psychological-emotional expectations, while women placed less emphasis on financial expectations and instead prioritized social and psychological-emotional expectations. It is noteworthy that the expectations of the elderly differ when it comes to their sons and daughters.

The gender disparity in expectations has implications not only for the elderly, but also for their children. Expectations outlined for daughters were not applicable to sons, and vice versa. Consequently, it is crucial for the government to pay special attention to these expectations when devising macroeconomic and social programs for the elderly.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy of a curriculum aimed at enhancing spiritual intelligence on resilience among parents with intellectually disabled children, which was developed using brain-centered emotional interactive strategies.

The research employed a semi-experimental approach with a pre-test, post-test design and a control group. The statistical population consisted of all parents of intellectually disabled children in the six districts of Isfahan city's exceptional education schools, totaling 2411 individuals. The sample, consisting of 60 parents, was selected using a combined sampling method that included both simple random and accessible sampling. Connor and Davidson's (2003) resilience questionnaire was utilized as the data collection instrument. Data analysis entailed the use of analysis of covariance and the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test to assess data normality, Levene's test to examine variance equality, and regression homogeneity assumption testing. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS-24.

The results revealed that the curriculum designed to enhance spiritual intelligence, which focused on hope, resilience, and social isolation, had a significant impact on parents of mentally retarded children (F=2759.46, p<0.05,  F=228.77, p<0.05, F=10.230, p<0.05).

Consequently, this study demonstrates the potential of spiritual intelligence content curriculum as an effective intervention for enhancing the resilience among parents with intellectually disabled children.

The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of cognitive-behavioral therapy and emotional schema therapy in reducing anxiety sensitivity and ambiguity intolerance in students with anxiety disorders in the city of Sari.

This is a quasi-experimental design that followed a pre-test and post-test format with a control group. The study sample consisted of 45 students diagnosed with anxiety disorders by the psychologist at the Education Department's consultation center in Sari. The students were randomly assigned to three groups (first experimental group: 15 individuals; second experimental group: 15 individuals; control group: 15 individuals). The first experimental group received training in the cognitive-behavioral therapy program, while the second experimental group received training in the emotional schema therapy program. The control group did not receive any specific intervention. Data collection was based on the anxiety sensitivity questionnaire by Floyd et al. (2005) and the ambiguity tolerance questionnaire by Weden et al. (2003). The data was analyzed using covariance analysis.

The findings of the study revealed no significant difference in the effectiveness of the two treatment methods, indicating that both cognitive-behavioral therapy and emotional schema therapy were equally effective in reducing anxiety sensitivity in students with anxiety disorders. The results also indicated that despite the effectiveness of both treatment methods, there was no significant difference between cognitive-behavioral therapy and emotional schema therapy in increasing ambiguity tolerance in students with anxiety disorders.

Consequently, this study demonstrates the considerable effects of CBT and EST on students with anxiety disorders.

The objective of the current research is to formulate a model that explains the environmental behavior of employees within the Madkush Steel Company, located in Hormozgan Province.

To achieve this objective, a multi-faceted approach was employed, involving an examination of the research's contextual background and the establishment of a theoretical framework. The research methodology consisted of a blend of qualitative methods. To refine the identified components, the fuzzy Delphi method was applied. The research sample encompassed university experts specializing in human resources, environmental specialists, environmental managers, production managers, as well as knowledgeable individuals affiliated with the Madkush Steel Company in Hormozgan Province. A purposive sampling technique was used, resulting in a sample size of 15 participants. Data analysis was executed using the Atlas.ti software for the qualitative portion of the research, while the localization of the identified components was performed using fuzzy Delphi in conjunction with SPSS24.

The findings of the research reveal that the constructed model for understanding the environmental behavior of organizational citizens comprises five key components that contribute to organizational environmental behavior. These components encompass individual factors, organizational factors, normative factors, environmental factors, and managerial factors. Additionally, the model comprises three dimensions of organizational environmental behavior, including environmental initiatives, environmental assistance, and civic participation.

Consequently, it encompasses four outcomes of organizational environmental behavior, namely, sustainable performance, competitive advantage, social capital, and the development of green products.

The aim of this study was to evaluate and scrutinize the ideology behind the Shahab national program (multiple intelligence) among primary school students.

The methodology employed is pragmatic in its objectives and descriptive-analytical in its approach to data collection, utilizing surveys and post-event analyses. The target population for this study encompassed all primary school students in Isfahan province during the academic year of 2022. By employing cluster sampling and the Cochran formula, a sample size of 250 individuals was determined. The instrument utilized for data collection in this study was the Gardner multiple intelligences questionnaire comprising 80 items.

The findings indicated that according to the participants, the strengths and weaknesses of the national Shahab program have a significant impact and were deemed acceptable and conventional. As per the respondents of the Fundamental Transformation of Education document, the fostering of talents contributes to the unique abilities and individual variances among students. The participants also noted the significance of nurturing the exceptional abilities of elementary school students.

The results typically offer school planners and counselors the essential understanding and perspective to recognize and support exceptional abilities

The purpose of this investigation was to design a body appreciation training program (focusing on positive body image) and assess its impact on body image concerns and overweight among overweight adolescent girls in Isfahan.

The study utilized a quasi-experimental approach with pre-test and post-test measurements along with a control group. The target population consisted of overweight high school girls in Isfahan during the year 2021, chosen through cluster sampling from the city's six educational districts. A sample of 40 overweight students was purposefully selected and divided into a control group (20 individuals) and an experimental group (20 individuals). Evaluation tools comprised instruments by Littleton et al. (2005) Body Image Concern Inventory and BMI. A researcher-developed body appreciation package was delivered to the experimental group over 8 sessions lasting 90 minutes each; conversely, the control group did not undergo any interventions. Data analysis was carried out using SPSS-22 software, employing descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (univariate analysis of covariance).

The outcomes demonstrated a notable statistical difference (P <0.001) in body image concerns between the experimental and control groups. Essentially, the Body Appreciation Training contributed to a decrease in body image concerns among overweight high school girls while it did not have a significant effect on the weight loss of overweight female students.

The discoveries of this research have the potential to inform the development of interventions aimed at mitigating the adverse consequences of obesity and body dissatisfaction among adolescents.

The aim of the current research was to present a model for evaluating the performance of teachers in Qom.

The research methodology encompassed a practical approach, utilizing a combination of exploratory and mixed strategies, with both qualitative and quantitative components. Within the qualitative segment, the grounded theory approach was implemented, while the post-event method was employed in the quantitative segment. The qualitative phase targeted a population of 50 education experts, specialists, and teachers in Qom during 2021. Following theoretical saturation, the sample size for this phase consisted of 21 individuals selected through a targeted sampling method with a snowball technique. Conversely, the quantitative section involved the selection of 300 administrative staff, managers, and teachers based on Cochran's formula, using a multi-stage random sampling technique. Data collection involved the utilization of a semi-structured interview technique as well as a performance assessment questionnaire. Content analysis (interviews) and coding (open, axial, and selective coding) were employed for qualitative data analysis, while the quantitative analysis utilized exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis.

The outcomes of the study highlighted a six-component model for evaluating the performance of teachers in Qom, comprising classroom management, innovation and creativity, capability development, communication, commitment, and information technology.

In essence, our results provide valuable insights to managers for appraising the performance of teachers based on a sound model.

The objective of the present study was to examine the emotional autonomy dimensions as predictors of self-focused attention and self-criticism among adolescents exhibiting hypochondriacal beliefs who were referred to educational counseling centers.

This investigation employed a correlational research design to analyze how the dimensions of emotional autonomy could forecast self-focused attention and self-criticism. The participants in the study were students identified as having hypochondriacal beliefs within the student population; given the limited number of individuals in this population, all 80 students were chosen as the sample through accessible sampling. Data collection involved utilizing the Emotional Autonomy Scale (EAS; Steinberg & Silverberg, 1986), the Self-focused Attention Scale (Woody et al., 1997), and the Levels of Self-Criticism Scale (Thompson & Zuroff, 2000). Descriptive statistics such as mean and standard deviation were applied for data analysis, while inferential statistics utilized Pearson correlation and regression techniques within the SPSS-24 software.

The outcomes of the study revealed that the emotional autonomy dimensions significantly and positively predicted self-focused attention and comparative self-criticism among adolescents with hypochondriacal beliefs referred to educational counseling centers.

These findings offer valuable insights for guiding counseling interventions for teenagers with hypochondriacal beliefs.

The primary research question of this study focuses on determining the appropriate model for the development of social entrepreneurship with a social responsibility approach in the welfare of Khorasan Razavi.

Positioned within the domain of developmental-applied research, the current study employed a mixed methodology combining qualitative and quantitative approaches. The qualitative segment targeted a cohort of experts or a Delphi panel comprising 25 individuals, while the quantitative section involved a sample of 323 employees and managers from the welfare sector in Khorasan Razavi, selected through random sampling. Data analysis encompassed the use of descriptive and inferential techniques.

Based on the findings in the qualitative section, there are an interrelationship between social entrepreneurship and social responsibility. In the quantitative part, the multivariate regression results indicated that the dimensions of responsibility have a 21% impact on entrepreneurship.

. In summary, the results underscored the significance of integrating a social responsibility approach in fostering the development of social entrepreneurship.

The current investigation was carried out to explore the underlying reasons behind compromise and withdrawal of divorce among couples seeking consensual separation.

A qualitative approach was employed in this study, utilizing the grounded theory method. The sample consisted of 9 couples who had sought services at the West Tehran Health Center, specifically those who had retracted their decision for consensual divorce in 2022, chosen through purposive sampling. Data collection was conducted through semi-structured interviews, with data analysis following the systematic framework proposed by Strauss and Corbin (1990).

Through the open, axial, and selective coding processes, various concepts emerged including causal, contextual, intervening conditions, strategies, and consequences. The central category identified in the research findings was the notion of compromise with existing circumstances and the decision to sustain the cohabitation process. Causal conditions encompassed financial constraints, parental responsibilities, second chances, fear of solitude, lack of support, and indecision regarding divorce. Contextual conditions included dependent personalities, family conflicts, decision-making dilemmas, and uncertainties. Interfering conditions involved cultural and social influences, limited opportunities, and lack of individual autonomy. Upon comprehensive analysis of the paradigmatic model categories, a conclusion was drawn.

. The findings highlighted the efficacy of adaptive strategies such as compromise, self-regulation, counseling, and professional assistance in fostering satisfaction and continuation of cohabitation, contrasting with ineffective strategies like avoidance and destructive behaviors that led to dissatisfaction with shared lives.

The purpose of this research was to compare the effectiveness of the coping power training program and the Long and Forehand parenting program on the aggression of students with oppositional defiant disorder.

A qualitative approach was employed in this study, utilizing the grounded theory method. The statistical population of first to third grade students with symptoms of oppositional defiant disorder and their mothers in two cities of Tehran in 2022. A total of 45 sample people were selected in a non-random, purposeful way and randomly arranged in one of three groups of 15 people, the coping power program, the Long and Forehand parenting program, and the control group, and they answered Shahim's aggression questionnaire. Before the implementation of the training course, a pre-test was conducted for all three groups, and after it was completed, a post-test was conducted for all three groups. The resulting data were analyzed using SPSS statistical software and the method of variance analysis with repeated measurements.

Based on the results of the effectiveness of both training programs, it has had a significant impact on aggression, and the effect of long and forehand parenting program training on aggression has been greater than that of coping power program.

Therefore, it can be concluded that the coping power program and the Long and Forehand parenting program can be used as a suitable therapeutic intervention tool to reduce the aggression of students with oppositional defiant disorder.

: Instagram social network has a high capacity in the field of interaction, dynamic and continuous between audience and content producers. Therefore, the purpose of the current research is to identify and provide indicators related to the production of content or effective Instagram advertising messages of candidates during the presidential elections.

The research method was a qualitative approach and data analysis was done through in-depth interviews (semi-structured open questions), coding (open, selective and axial). The sampling method is theoretical (snowball). After conducting an in-depth interview with 12 knowledgeable and expert professors and experts in the field of research; Qualitative content analysis of collected data, in three stages of coding, finally leading to extraction; 45 core codes, 4 main categories and 182 subcategories.

The results showed: 4 basic indicators emphasized by experts as fundamental factors related to the characteristics of effective Instagram advertising messages of candidates in the presidential elections; It consists of: 1- persuasive and effective content of the message, 2- having a competitive advantage of the candidate, 3- complying with the musts of election campaigns, 4- avoiding the musts of election campaigns.

Consequently, the respondents in this research considered the Instagram space according to the type of user and its nature in terms of the content of the messages; They emphasized on being short, visual and clear as the most important feature of an effective advertising message for candidates.

Impulsive behaviors pertain to various reward-driven, immature, and high-risk activities encountered in daily life, often referred to as risky activities. This study aims to compare the efficacy of the third wave of psychological treatments in addressing impulsivity among women with substance-related and addictive disorders.

This study adopts an experimental design with both experimental and control groups. The target population consists of women exhibiting impulsivity and substance-related and addictive disorders in Zahedan city, Iran. Convenience sampling was employed, wherein 12 patients were chosen for each group after undergoing an interview at a psychology clinic. The research instruments employed were the Structured Clinical Interview based on DSM-5 (2013) and the Barratt Impulsive Scale (1994). The experimental group received the third wave of psychological treatment, which spanned one month and consisted of 8 sessions lasting 90 minutes each. Conversely, the control group did not receive any intervention. Pre and post-tests were conducted using inventories, and data were evaluated using multivariate analysis of covariance and LSD test.

The findings reveal significant differences between the mean scores of impulsivity and it’s components in the experimental groups, which underwent the third wave of psychological treatments, and the control group (p<0.001).

In conclusion, the results of these studies have demonstrated that the third wave of psychological treatment, specifically DBT, can effectively address impulsivity in women with substance use and addictive disorders.

This study investigates the efficacy of two distinct therapeutic approaches, Mentalization-Based Treatment (MBT) and Positive Psychology Intervention (PPI), in addressing emotional deprivation and abandonment issues within the vulnerable demographic of homeless women.

The design of this research was a semi-experimental type, as it was conducted in an experimental manner, in a pre-test/post-test with a control group. The process of participant selection involved a random sampling method, which resulted in the inclusion of 72 individuals who were then randomly assigned to three groups, with each group consisting of 24 individuals. The Early Maladaptive Schemas (EMS) was used to collect data. In order to test the research hypotheses, multivariate analysis of covariance and Bonferroni post-hoc tests were employed.

Through a rigorous examination of post-intervention results, we identified a significant disparity in scores between the MBT and PPI groups. Notably, the MBT group demonstrated a marked improvement compared to the control group, while no substantial difference was found between the PPI group and the control group. Consequently, this study concludes that MBT significantly outperforms PPI in mitigating the emotion deprivation and abandonment schema in homeless women.

In light of these findings, organizations supporting homeless women, especially single mothers, are encouraged to consider the adoption of the Mentalization-Based Treatment approach to enhance their mental schemas and promote emotional well-being.