نشریه انسان و محیط زیست
سال بیست و دوم شماره 1 (پیاپی 68، بهار 1403)

Today, there are concerns related to the increase in livestock and its destructive effects, including soil compaction, soil degradation, erosion, and water pollution. One of the common ways to rangeland rehabilitation and restore it ability is plantation and exclosure.

To conduct this research, 10 transects of 100 meters were established in study area (each transect was 50 meters away from the previous transect). Along each transect, ten 1×1 meter plots were determined and a 100 gr soil sample was taken from 3 depths of 0-10, 10-20 and 20-30 cm in each plot. Similarly, the same number of samples were also taken in the adjacent region which was not cultivated and wsa considered as a control area. The samples were taken to the laboratory to measure bulk density, soil moisture content, pH, EC, total nitrogen, total phosphorus and soil organic carbon. Then, they were analysed using one-way analysis of variance (P≤0.05).

The results showed that in the grazed region, the bulk density, EC, total nitrogen, total phosphorus and organic carbon of the soil were significantly higher than those of pit-seeding area. The results also showed that the soil moisture and pH were not significantly differed in the two studied regions.

The soil bulk density increased with grazing and trampling due to soil compaction. The electrical conductivity of the exclosure area was also lower than those of grazed area due to the increase in vegetation and the reduction of evaporation and transpiration in the exclosure region. The increase in the amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and organic carbon in the soil in the grazed area is probably due to their absorption by the roots of plant species and the return of these nutrition to the surface layers of the soil through the excrement of the livestock.

The idea of a livable city in worn-out urban contexts mainly emphasizes the creation of sustainable neighborhoods and livability of these contexts. Livability plays a vital role in the growth and development of cities and the quality of life of citizens. Identifying and understanding the needs of the citizens and revitalizing these settlements will improve the quality of life and enhance the livability in these settlements.

The current research was conducted using the Vicor multi-criteria decision-making technique with the aim of evaluating the livability of the four districts of Tabriz metropolis. After extracting the factors involved in the livability at the district level by using the opinions of experts of the components in 5 dimensions, identifying and analyzing the information obtained from Shannon entropy techniques, Vicor and from Arc GIS software. Used.

The obtained results indicate that districts five and four are in a favorable condition in terms of social dimensions, services and urban and physical-spatial infrastructures. District 3 is located in a completely favorable situation only in the physical-spatial dimension and is in an unfavorable situation in other investigated indicators. Also, districts two and one are in a relatively unfavorable situation in most of the studied indicators.

The findings indicate that the five districts of the four metropolitan areas of Tabriz are above the average level of the average statistical population in terms of social, economic, services and urban infrastructure, physical-spatial and environmental conditions. In terms of livability, it is in a relatively favorable condition.

The purpose of this research is providing a suitable model for locating emergency accommodation caused by natural and unnatural disasters in the 19th district of Tehran.

The research method is descriptive-analytical and data analysis is done using MCDM and Arc GIS and Excel system. The statistical population was selected from among the variables of emergency accommodation location and the sampling method was simple and the sampling volume was obtained using Morgan's table (n = 19). The research tool was a questionnaire that was quantitatively designed and its questions were extracted using emergency accommodation standards and distributed among experts. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by experts and its value was 0.421. The reliability of the questionnaire was also calculated using SPSS20 software with Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.827.

finding of the present research was considered from 3 main criteria (desirability, compatibility and capacity) and 18 sub-criteria to determine accommodation. In the process of locating emergency accommodation, first, information layers were prepared, then standardization and AHP coefficients were applied to them, and finally, after weighting them, layers were overlapped.

After the final production of the settlement map and according to the results of this research, 28 zones with a value of 7-9 were accepted for settlement. Also, 17 areas with a value of 7 (relatively good), 7 areas with a value of 8 (good) and 4 areas with a value of 9 (ideal) were identified in the study area for emergency accommodation. In total, 1,321,8725 square meters, equivalent to 1,321 hectares, were habitable in District 19 of Tehran.

Due to the growing importance of environmental issues in organizations, the present study investigates the impact of external pressures and internal impetus on organizational performance by considering the mediating role of green supply chain adoption and green procurement.

This study is categorized as applied and descriptive. The statistical population of the study consists of managers and experts of Iran Khodro Industrial Molds Company, that number was 331 people. The sample size was calculated based on Cochran's formula to be 178 people. For sampling, the available sampling method was used and data collection was done by a researcher-made questionnaire. The content validity of the questionnaire was confirmed using expert's opinion and its reliability was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha coefficient. In order to data analysis, the structural equation modeling method (SEM) and Amos software have been used.

Findings indicate that external pressures with the mediating role of green supply chain management adoption and green procurement have a positive significant effect on organizational performance. In addition, the effect of internal impetus on performance was confirmed by the mediating role of green supply chain management adoption.

Based on the findings, it can be said that the organization's actions to adapt to the environment and meet environmental requirements, is a way to differentiate from competitors. The use of a green supply chain, in addition to the organization benefits from the advantages of savings, can also maximize the profitability of the organization by creating innovation in the design and production of environmentally friendly products.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of green attitude on creative green behavior and interest in the environment by considering the mediating role of green entrepreneurial orientation in the tourism industry.

This study is an applied goal in terms of implementation method in the form of a descriptive-survey research with a cross-sectional approach. The statistical population of the study is all employees of tourism companies in Mazandaran province, of which a sample of 384 people has been selected using the Cochran's formula. In this study, to collect information to test the hypotheses, a researcher-made questionnaire adapted from Lou (2021) study, including 6 dimensions and 32 questions, was used, which was compiled based on a five-point Likert scale. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed using the content validity method. To evaluate the reliability of the questionnaire, Cronbach's alpha coefficient was calculated. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was more than 0.7, which indicates that the questionnaire has good reliability.

The findings of the research hypotheses test showed that green attitude has a positive and significant effect on green entrepreneurial orientation and green creative behavior; Green entrepreneurial orientation has a positive and significant effect on environmental interest and green creative behavior. In addition, it was found that green entrepreneurial orientation, the relationship between green attitude and green creative behavior; And environmental interest mediates the relationship between green entrepreneurial orientation and green creative behavior.

The results obtained in this research indicate the importance and influence of the organization's green attitude and orientation in the employees' green creative behaviors. In this research, theories of planned behavior and complementary sources have been used to create a new conceptual framework.

With the beginning of the diagnosis and spread of the corona virus in the beginning of 2020, the negative effects on urban communities have been revealed, as a result of which, despite the establishment of rules to prevent the spread of this virus, the presence of citizens in urban public spaces has been minimized. Is. Humans must return to urban spaces in order to continue their lives, as a result, it is necessary to take plans and actions for a new reading of the design of public spaces, with an emphasis on minimizing the risks of the spread of the Covid-19 virus and observing social distance.

The current research was conducted with a cognitive-meta-analytical method and a theoretical and theoretical approach and library studies.

The purpose of this research is to verify the components of resilient and lively public space from Matthew Carmona's point of view and to investigate the effects of the corona virus on each of the components in the urban space.

Based on this, the components of the urban space from Cremona's point of view include (physical, functional, social, visual, perception and time components) which the covid 19 virus respectively causes effects such as (widening of sidewalks, biophilic design) buildings and... in the physical dimension), (prohibition of automobiles in some streets and creation of two-wheeled spaces, the idea of a 15-minute city and... in the functional dimension), (creation of social distance, closure of gathering centers, etc.) .. in the social dimension), (creating a harsh and cruel face in the city due to the lack of people in the urban space and the closure of ceremonies and rituals, etc.) in the visual dimension, (the appearance of violence, fear, despair, etc.) in the dimension of perception) and (decreasing the duration of citizens' presence in traffic and parks, etc. in the dimension of time).In general, this phenomenon, like any other phenomenon, has many positive and negative consequences that this epidemic can be considered an opportunity to reconsider the design of cities for better preparation for future crises.

With the onset of the new era, and as a result of the speed of construction in cities, the boundaries of seasonal and permanent rivers, formerly considered green spaces and recreational areas of the cities, became a waste of urban space. This research tries to apply new approaches to organizing a part of Mehran Rood's peripheral tissue in Tabriz's bilankooh neighborhood.

The selection of the study sequence was done using the ANP questionnaire and method. The method for collecting information in the field of theoretical foundations is in the form of libraries and documents, and in the field of case study, field studies. In this study, descriptive-analytical method has been used.

The achievement of this research in the field of the basis is to provide a theoretical framework in the form of seven criteria and sub criteria related to each. After studying the examples and their conclusions, the small of projects in the field of intervention was defined that provide 3D designs and Designing their spaces are sub-criteria like biomorphic and biomimetic, landscape and shelter, and the use of indigenous materials and vegetation were more effective and practical.

This study suggests that considering natural factors such as river and its linkage with peripheral urban texture with the help of complementary and compatible uses such as gardens and agricultural land in urban areas can enhance the Tabriz city biophilic potential and solve problems such as detachment Urban and river texture, diminishing social communication and reducing floods during crisis situations.

Due to the increasing price of energy carriers, energy consumption has become one of the main challenges. Meanwhile, residential buildings have a significant share in energy consumption. In Iran, the construction sector accounts for about 40% of total energy consumption and is one of the most consumed sectors of energy demand in the residential sector. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to explain the optimal architectural patterns of residential buildings from the point of view of energy.

The method of this research is descriptive-analytical and survey. By examining the design examples of common buildings in District 12 of Tehran and modeling them with the help of "Design Builder" software, the amount of energy required for heating and cooling of the building and the effect of various factors on the energy consumption of the building were calculated.

The results indicate that simple methods of interior and exterior architectural design of residential buildings can reduce energy consumption in the study areas by about 40% and also by developing architectural criteria for different areas of the city. Tehran and the application of these criteria in their design can be achieved a significant reduction in energy consumption of buildings and energy efficiency.

As a result of reducing the energy consumption of buildings with architectural design, this method of energy efficiency in buildings is highly compatible with the economic, cultural and social conditions of the residents of these areas. Have high success.

The right to development and the sustainable development are appropriate responds to adverse consequences of classic approach to development and in each of them, there is a try to look at development from a specific perspective with a goal of finding a appropriat respond to its adverse consequences. It seems that the adoption of a human rights oriented approach in advancing of development process, is a context in which the consideration of both concepts can be well realized. In the framework of this approach and as result of adverse effects of failure to comply with environmental considerations of the sustainable development on realization of the human rights in development policies, Paying attention to these considerations will be among the priorities of any development program. The important point here is that guarantee of human rights is also considered as an main goal in the framework of the right to development, and therefore any success in guaranteeing human rights in development process through environmental considerations, can also contribute to the realization of this right.
Also, the pursuit of human rights-oriented development in the context of the realization of the right to development, is an effective step in forcing states to comply with environmental considerations and, consequently, to ensure the path to sustainable development. the inclusion of human rights considered in the right to development, in the binding international treaties such as the Covenant on Political and Civil Rights and the Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, is a context in which any commitment of states to comply with environmental considerations of sustainable development can be considered as an binding obligation, due to the positive impact of these considerations on realization of above-mentioned human rights cases.

Many organizations are implementing environmental protection strategies in response to the conditions and demands of today's world. This study aims to identify and evaluate how sustainable and green human resources can be used for competitive advantage in the oil industry.
Material and

Research in the present study has a quantitative-qualitative approach in terms of its purpose and data collection methodology. In the field of organizational sustainability, written materials and electronic resources have been used purposefully to collect information. In the qualitative part, it was done purposefully and non-randomly through semi-structured interviews, and in the quantitative part, it was done using simple random sampling and a questionnaire. Based on the structural equation model, hypotheses were tested with SMART-PLS software.

the result of running SMARTPLS final model According to the results obtained from the software, it can be acknowledged that the dimensions of senior management, employees and the organization have a positive and significant effect on the green performance of the organization and ultimately have a positive effect on gaining a competitive advantage. The path coefficient values in the model for the components of the organization are 0.504, employees are 0.286, and senior management is 0.191 percent, which directly explains the changes related to the sustainable and green organizational performance variable of 0.431. The results show that among the main indicators of the research, human resources (with path coefficient: 0.386) has the greatest impact on the green performance of the organization. Also, the impact of the organization's green performance on competitive advantage (with a path coefficient of 0.437) is significant.
Discussion and

Results have shown that the environmental performance of the organization is influenced by the staff, senior management, and stakeholders, and thus affects its competitive advantage. In order to implement green strategies successfully in polluting industries, especially in oil refining, senior managers will need to focus on the intangible assets of their investment organizations to leverage the creativity of their employees.