فصلنامه علوم روانشناختی
پیاپی 136 (تیر 1403)

Any high-risk behavior can cause serious and sometimes irreparable harm to the individual and family. High-risk behavior often occurs in an emotionally-charged context, and executive functions and emotion regulation play important roles in risk-related decision making. Therefore, identifying the factors that facilitate and sustain risky behaviors in different groups is an inevitable necessity.

The aim of this study was to investigate the structural relationship between executive functions and high-risk behaviors in prisoners considering the mediating role of emotion regulation strategies.

The present study is descriptive and correlational, conducted by structural equation modeling method. The statistical population of this study is all prisoners in Shiraz city. The sample consisted of 409 prisoners in Shiraz who were selected by purposive sampling. Data were collected using Cognitive Abilities Questionnaire (Nejati 2013), Emotion Regulation Strategies (Garnefski et al., 2001), and Youth Risk Behaviors Scale (Snow et al., 2019). To evaluate the proposed model, structural equation modeling was used using AMOS version 24 and SPSS 27.

The results of correlation coefficient showed that there is a negative relationship between executive functions and adaptive emotion regulation strategies with risky behaviors (P< 0.05). Also, there is a positive and significant relationship between maladaptive emotion regulation strategies and risky behaviors (P< 0.05). The findings indicate that the proposed model is fitted with the data. The results of the structural model showed that 19% of the variance of adaptive strategies and 25% of variance of maladaptive strategies is explained by executive functions and 45% of variance of risky behaviors is explained by executive functions and adaptive and maladaptive strategies of emotion regulation.

It can be concluded that risky behaviors are affected by cognitive and emotional functions and cognitive emotion regulation strategies have a mediating role in this regard, which requires psychological interventions. Our results suggest that treatment for high-risk behavior may be more effective with a nuanced approach that does not conflate high impulsivity necessarily with high-risk behavior tendencies.

Attention and response inhibition is one of the problems of dysgraphia students whose treatment has not been paid much attention, so it requires new psychological interventions including cognitive rehabilitation.

The present study was conducted with the aim of determining the effectiveness of cognitive rehabilitation on the attention and response inhibition of dysgraphia students.

The current research was semi-experimental with a pre-test and post-test design with a follow-up period with a control group. The research population included all second and third grade female students with dysgraphia in the 15th district of Tehran in the academic year of 2021-2022, who were referred to Sharq Counseling Center from regular schools. 14 people were selected by multi-stage cluster random sampling; and they were randomly placed in two experimental and control groups and answered Yaqoubi et al.'s dysgraphia diagnostic questionnaires (2021), Mandy Brackencamp's selective attention, concentration and effort test (2002) and Bruno-Nero Hoffman test (1984). Then the experimental group received the Aram Nejati attention and memory rehabilitation training program (2017) for 10 sessions of 60 minutes, but only school training was provided to the control group. After the training sessions, the post-test was conducted. Analysis of variance with repeated measures was used to analyze the data.

The results showed that cognitive rehabilitation training was effective in improving attention and response inhibition of dysgraphia students compared to the control group. These results continued in the follow-up period(p< 0/01).

Based on the results, counselors and experts can use cognitive rehabilitation training to improve attention and inhibit response of dysgraphia students.

The birth and presence of a child with intellectual disability in families will lead to different types of emotional and cognitive reactions. Therefore, some of the mother’s of such children do not have flexible thinking and as a result the ability of operation in unpalatable condition becomes more difficult and they can not manage there emotion in such conditions easily. Also, these mothers suffer more tensions due to the lack of high psychological capital.

The aim of this research was to develop a structural model of happiness of mothers with children with intellectual disabilities based on psychological capital with the mediation of cognitive flexibility

The method of the present study was applied in terms of purpose and in terms of descriptive nature, and is based on structural equation modeling method. The statistical population of this research included mothers with children with intellectual disabilities who have a file in Tehran's special education organization (Tehran's exceptional schools, academic year 1401-1400).. bye considering the possiblity of drop off, of samples, the sample size in the present study was also considered to be 300 people from Tehran. The sampling method used is also called availablity. Oxford happiness questionnaire (Argyle, 2005), psychological resource questionnaire (Luthans Et all, 2007), and cognitive flexibility questionnaire (Dennis & Vander Wal, 2010) were used to collect data. Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation tests using SPSS version 25 software and structural equation modeling using Amos version 8.8 software.

results showed that happiness based on psychological resources of mothers who have children with intellectual issues (through flexibility) has indirect effect (P= 0/000). About 77% of the mentioned relationship is explained by the effect of psychological resources on happiness through flexibility (P= 0/020).

It seems that considering that mothers with children with intellectual disabilities are less flexible in dealing with issues and problems and can hardly accept issues and problems, therefore, it is better to conduct more extensive research with more samples in These families should be done.

Emotional and cognitive states directly affect the neural mechanisms of chronic pain, And increasing pain negatively affects the emotional and cognitive states of a person. Despite the growing research evidence of the effects of psychological variables such as mindfulness, social support, stress and pain catastrophizing on the phenomenon of chronic pain, the general effects of these variables have been less investigated in the form of comprehensive causal model.

The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the structural model of chronic pain based on mindfulness, social support and life events with the Mediating of pain catastrophizing.

The method of the present study was descriptive-correlation type of structural equation modeling. The statistical population of the study included all male and female patients with chronic pain who were treated for follow-up treatment in 2022, they had referred to pain clinics, pain specialists, neurologists, physiotherapists, and health centers in Tehran with problems related to musculoskeletal pain and rheumatoid arthritis, of which 496 people were selected using the available sampling method. Data collection tools include the Mc Gill Pain Questionnaire (Melzack, 1975), the Five Factor Mindfulness Questionnaire (Baer et al., 2006), the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support by Zimet et al. (1988), Scale of Life stressful Events‐Paykel (Paykel et al., 1971) and Pain Catastrophizing Scale (Sullivan et al., 1995). Data analysis was done by structural equation modeling method and using SPSS-23 and AMOS-23 software.

The results of modeling of structural equations indicated a good fit of the model with experimental data. The effect of the coefficient of the direct standard path of mindfulness on the experience of chronic pain was significant and the indirect path of mindfulness on the experience of chronic pain with the mediating role of pain catastrophizing was significant (P< 0.05). The effect of direct and indirect standard path coefficient of social support with mediating role of pain catastrophizing on chronic pain experience was not significant (P> 0.05). The direct and indirect path of the number of stressful factors on the experience of chronic pain was also insignificant (P> 0.05). However, the standard direct and indirect path of the amount of stressful factors on the experience of chronic pain with the mediating role of catastrophizing was also significant (P< 0.05).

According to the obtained results, it seems that mindfulness, social support and life events play an important role in explaining chronic pain by mediating pain catastrophizing. Considering that these variables have a significant contribution in predicting the pain of chronic pain patients, Therefore, mental health professionals can use these factors to improve the mental health of people with chronic pain.

Addressing the challenges within the educational system during the early years of schooling stands as a crucial focus for researchers. Despite the necessity of exploring school-related fears and their influencing factors, there remains a scarcity of research in this domain.

The purpose of this research was to investigate the efficacy of storytelling on school phobia and separation anxiety among students in the first- grade of elementary school in Shiraz.

The present research employed a semi-experimental pre-test-post-test design with a control group. The study population consisted of all first-grade elementary students in Shiraz during the academic year 2022-2023. Thirty eligible students were randomly assigned to either a control group or an experimental group. After confirming the absence of significant differences between the control and experimental groups, a storytelling intervention program was implemented for the experimental group, utilizing a collection of books by Parirukh and Majid (2015) along with other educational materials. No intervention program was provided to the control group. The Anxiety-Related Disorders Questionnaire developed by Bimamar (1999) was used to measure two subscales: school phobia and separation anxiety, both administered before and after the intervention. Data analysis was conducted using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) in SPSS version 25.

The results of the covariance analysis revealed a significant difference in the mean scores of school phobia and separation anxiety between the pre-test, post-test, and follow-up assessments (p < 0.05) for the experimental group. Specifically, the scores in the experimental group decreased significantly at the post-test and follow-up stages. In contrast, there was no significant change observed in the scores of the control group across these assessments.

The findings of the present study demonstrate that storytelling is effective in reducing separation anxiety and fear of school among students. Avoiding school can lead to serious consequences, including harm and social deviance. Students who skip school may be more susceptible to delinquent behaviors and jeopardize their future careers. Storytelling emerges as an accessible and effective intervention to alleviate children's fears and anxieties related to school. Moreover, parents can be trained in storytelling techniques to motivate their children to attend school and engage positively in the educational environment.

Existing literature in this domain reveals a gap in research, as no study has been conducted to model the satisfaction of university students at the Islamic Azad University based on the six-factor personality model, HEXACO, with motivation for progress as a potential mediator. This underscores the need for an investigation into the interplay between personality factors, academic satisfaction, and the motivating forces for academic advancement among students at the Islamic Azad University.

The present study was conducted with the aim of modeling academic satisfaction based on the six factors of Hexaco personality with the mediation of motivation to progress in the students of Islamic Azad University, Roudhen Branch.

The research method was correlational. The population of this study was the students of Islamic Azad University, Roudhan branch, in the academic year of 1402-1401. 315 people were selected using random sampling method. The data collection tools were the Hermans achievement motivation test (1970), the students' academic satisfaction scale (Terekzadeh and Mesbeh, 2013) and the 60-question Hexaco scale (Ashton and Lee, 2009).

Data analysis using the structural equation modeling approach showed that the academic satisfaction model has a favorable fit based on the six factors of Hexaco's personality with the mediation of students' progress motivation. The effect of Hexaco's personality trait dimensions on academic satisfaction is significant (P< 0.0005); So that honesty, humility, β= 0.341, openness to experience, β= 0.426, conscientiousness, β=0.513, extroversion, β=0.363, adaptability, β= 0.420, and excitability, β= 0.392, were reported.. Also, achievement motivation has an effect on academic relationship satisfaction (β= 784; P< 0.0005).

It seems that studying the level of satisfaction with education and academic motivation of students can be an indicator for improving academic performance. Also, it seems that the psychological and personality evaluation of the applicants to enter the universities can lead to the selection of a suitable field of study and create higher academic satisfaction.

Research evidence indicates that marital infidelity can have irreparable consequences for couples, and causes rumination and fear of negative evaluation in cheating women. Despite numerous studies on marital infidelity, treatment effective in reducing rumination and fear of negative evaluation of betrayed women has been neglected.

The present study was conducted with the aim of the effectiveness of cognitive processing therapy on rumination and fear of negative evaluation of betrayed women.

The method of the present research was practical in terms of purpose and semi-experimental in terms of method, pre-test-post-test with control group and three-month follow-up. The statistical population of this study included all the betrayed women who needed counseling services in Bandar Abbas city in the second half of 2022. Among all counseling and psychological service centers in Bandar Abbas city, 30 women who had referred to ten centers due to infidelity of their husbands were selected by available sampling method and were randomly replaced in the experimental group and the control group. To collect data, rumination questionnaires (Hoeksma, 1991) and fear of negative evaluation (Lary, 1983) were used. The participants of the experimental group received 12 sessions of cognitive processing therapy according to Resik et al. (2007). The data were analyzed by analysis of covariance using SPSS-22 software.

The findings of the present study showed that the cognitive processing treatment led to the reduction of rumination and fear of negative evaluation of women in the tested group. (p> 0.01).

Based on the obtained results, it can be said that cognitive processing therapy was effective on rumination and fear of negative evaluation of betrayed women, and therefore the awareness of specialists in the fields of psychology, counseling and health about these treatments to reduce rumination and fear of negative evaluation of women

Emotional abuse is a type of interpersonal violence that causes the loss of intimacy and the separation of couples. Lack of marital intimacy along with low emotional maturity will increase the desire for emotional abuse between couples. Factors affecting emotional abuse have been investigated in previous studies, but no study was found that investigated emotional abuse based on emotional maturity and its differentiation with the mediating role of marital intimacy in the researched society.

The aim of the present study was to determine the pattern of structural relationships of emotional abuse based on emotional maturity and self-differentiation with the mediation role of marital intimacy.

The method of the current research was descriptive, of the type of structural equations. The statistical population of the research included all the couples who referred to counseling centers in Sanandaj in 2022, from which 222 people were selected through available sampling. The instruments used in the research included emotional abuse (Barahimi, 2008), emotional maturity Yashopersing and (Bahargava, 1991), self-differentiation (Skowron and Friedlander, 1998) and marital intimacy (Asoudeh and Timouri, 2017). Data analysis was analyzed using Pearson correlation method, structural equation modeling and partial least squares (SMARTPLS-3) algorithm and SPSS-23.

The results indicated the fit of the general research model with the experimental data. The findings showed that emotional maturity, self-differentiation and marital intimacy can directly predict emotional abuse (P< 0.001). Also, the indirect effect of emotional maturity (P= 0.001) and self-differentiation (P< 0.001) with the mediation of marital intimacy on emotional abuse was significant.

According to the findings obtained in the current research that low emotional maturity and self-differentiation in the long term causes a decrease in marital intimacy, and this eventually causes emotional harm and the occurrence of marital conflict among couples; Therefore, it is suggested to use methods of teaching emotional maturity and marital intimacy to reduce emotional abuse, and counseling and psychotherapy centers should pay more attention to these variables in predicting emotional abuse of couples.

Academic dishonesty not only undermines the values of integrity and fairness but also impacts the learning environment, hindering the genuine development of knowledge and skills. A deeper understanding of the psychological and personality processes involved in academic dishonesty can offer solutions to enhance moral identity and the overall quality of students' educational experiences. Despite the significance of this issue, the interplay between personality traits, moral identity, and academic dishonesty has remained understudied in the existing literature.

The purpose of this study was to structural equation modeling prediction of academic dishonesty based on personality characteristics with mediating role of moral identity in students in Tehran city.

This study was conducted in the presence of 500 people by available sampling method among high school students in Tehran city in year academic 2021-2022. To measure the variables, academic dishonesty scale (ADS) of Witherspoon and et al (2010), neo personality inventory (NEO-PI-R) of McCrae and Costa (2008) and moral identity questionnaire (MIQ) of Black and Reynolds (2016) were used. Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation and structural equation modelling with using SPSS-24 and AMOS software was investigated.

The results showed that there is significant relationship between personality characteristics and moral identity with procrastination (P< 0.01). The results also showed that most of the direct paths of this study were significant and the indirect paths of personality characteristics were significant through the mediating role of moral identity on academic dishonesty. Also, proposed model had an acceptable fitness to the data (RMSEA= 0/052, P-value< 0/05) and evaluated model has a good fit and is an important step in identifying the factors that are effective in academic dishonesty in high school students in Tehran city.

The findings of this research offer valuable insights towards reducing academic dishonesty among students by considering the roles of personality traits and moral identity. Several proactive measures can be implemented in this regard, such as organizing webinars aimed at improving personality traits and moral identity to diminish tendencies towards dishonesty and academic cheating among students.

Considering the importance of marital compatibility in the health and stability of the family system, it is essential to identify the factors affecting it. However, in the literature of this field, no study was found that developed a model of marital compatibility based on the dimensions of intelligence, and the effectiveness of the model of marital compatibility on moral intelligence has not been the focus of researchers.

The purpose of this research is to evaluate the effectiveness of the model of marital compatibility based on the dimensions of intelligence on the moral intelligence of compatible and incompatible couples in Kermanshah city in 2021-2022.

The research method in the first part is in terms of the practical purpose and in terms of the descriptive implementation method, content analysis type, and in the second part of the research, it is a semi-experimental type with a control group and a control group. The statistical sample of the qualitative part was to develop a training package for compatible and incompatible couples living in Kermanshah city (10 family counseling specialists) in the year 2021-2022. In order to sample according to the purposeful sampling method, 40 people from compatible and incompatible couples in Kermanshah city to extract the components of the model of marital compatibility based on the dimensions of intelligence and to investigate the effect of independent variables (the educational package approach was developed 20 people and for the control group Also, 20 compatibles and incompatible couples were selected and randomly placed in the experimental and control groups.

The findings in the qualitative section indicated that the components of moral intelligence in the educational package included honesty and truthfulness, perseverance and persistence for the right, accepting responsibility to serve others, the ability to forgive one's mistakes, and the ability to ignore the mistakes of others. The results of the quantitative part showed that the intervention of the marital compatibility model based on intelligence dimensions significantly increased moral intelligence and its components (P> 0.05).

According to the effectiveness of the findings of this study, it can be concluded that the developed protocol has the potential to be effective in improving moral intelligence and its components among couples and can be of interest to mental health professionals and family counselors. It should be included in pre-marital counseling and also to reduce inconsistency in clients.

Exam anxiety is a prevalent psychological and educational challenge among students, significantly impacting their academic performance, mood, and social behaviors. Gaining a deeper understanding of the psychological processes involved in exam anxiety can assist in developing effective strategies to enhance academic performance and improve students' overall quality of life. However, in the existing literature, the intricate interactions among maladaptive schemas, fear of negative evaluation, and exam anxiety have not been thoroughly examined.

The purpose of this study was to modeling structural test anxiety based on early maladaptive schemas with mediating role fear of negative evaluation in students in Tehran city.

This study was conducted in the presence of 500 people by convinience sampling method among high school students in Tehran city in year academic 2021-2022. To measure the variables, test anxiety inventory (TAI) of Abolghasemi and et al (1996), Young schema questionnaire – short form version 3 (YSQ-S3) of Young (2005) and brief fear of negative evaluation scale (BFNE) of Leary (1983). Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation and structural equation modelling with using SPSS-24 and AMOS software was investigated.

The results showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between early maladaptive schemas and fear of negative evaluation with test anxiety (P <0.01). The results also showed that most of the direct paths of this study were significant and the indirect paths of early maladaptive schemas were significant through the mediating role of fear of negative evaluation on test anxiety. Also, proposed model had an acceptable fitness to the data (RMSEA= 0/041,P-value< 0/05) and evaluated model has a good fit and is an important step in identifying the factors that are effective in test anxiety among high school students in Tehran city.

The results demonstrated that initial maladaptive schemas have a significant impact on exam anxiety through the mediating role of fear of negative evaluation. Therefore, based on these findings, it can be concluded that in addition to their direct influence on exam anxiety, schemas can also affect the dependent variable or criterion through the mediation of fear of negative evaluation. Consequently, this finding represents a significant step towards understanding the factors influencing exam anxiety in first-year high school students in Tehran

Divorce is a social issue that has witnessed an upward trend in recent years, exerting negative effects on families, children, and society. One significant factor contributing to divorce is marital misconduct, which may lead to the commission of crimes related to domestic violence, assault, infidelity, and even homicide. Despite numerous studies on the causes and consequences of divorce in Iran, there is a lack of sufficient research on the role of marital misconduct in divorce occurrences.

This study aims to investigate the causes of divorce reported by divorce applicants and domain experts in Rasht City, with a specific emphasis on the commission of crimes resulting from marital misconduct. Additionally, the study seeks to propose legal and psychological solutions to reduce the phenomenon of divorce.

The present research adopts a descriptive-correlational approach with an applied nature. The target population includes all divorce applicants in Rasht City, from whom 200 individuals (100 men and 100 women) were randomly selected for examination of the reasons behind divorce based on their self-narratives. Moreover, domain experts in divorce, including family court judges, divorce notaries, and social workers (42 individuals in total), were included. Data were collected using a researcher-designed questionnaire through fieldwork, and the analysis involved Pearson correlation, stepwise regression, and Spearman tests in the SPSS26 software.

Regression analysis results indicate that the most influential factor in divorce rates is related to sexual and ethical crimes, especially illicit relationships in virtual spaces (p < 0.05).

The findings of this study suggest that marital misconduct can lead to unlawful and criminal behaviors, impacting divorce rates. Therefore, it is recommended to focus on increasing awareness and communication skills among couples, strengthening emotional relationships, encouraging joint decision-making, supporting at-risk families, and providing suitable counseling and psychological therapy services to prevent and reduce divorce in society.

Body dysmorphic disorder is the most common disorder among women with breast cancer. In addition to causing problems for these patients, it has created challenges for their families and those around them. Research has shown that treatment based on acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) can be effective in the field of this disorder. Therefore, research targeting this topic has received less attention.

The present research aimed to assess the effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) on body image distortion in women with breast cancer.

The present study is a quasi-experimental research with a pre & post -post-test-followup design with the control group. The statistical population of the research was women aged 30 to 50 years old with breast cancer, who had been referred to breast cancer clinics in Shiraz during the first four months of 2022. Among them, 50 people were assigned with available sampling methods in two groups, the experimental and control group (25 patients in each group). ACT treatment interventions according to the training package of Hayes and Strossahl (2010) were performed on the experimental group during 8 weekly 90-minute group sessions, but no intervention was received by the control group.data were collected using the standard questionnaire for metacognition assessment of body deformity (Rabiei, Salahian, Bahrami, and Palahang, 2011). The data of this research were analyzed by the statistical method of analysis of variance with repeated measurement in SPSS software V24.

The findings showed that the treatment based on acceptance and commitment therapy significantly affected breast cancer women with body dysmorphic disorder in the experimental group (P< 0.05).

According to the findings of this research, it can be concluded that acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) interventions have been effective in improving the quality of life of women with breast cancer.

In case of inadequacy and inadequacy of parents, issues and problems occur, including child abuse by them or the people around them; Child abuse is one of the big social problems that includes all societies, both advanced and developing, so that the health and comfort of the injured child is endangered.

The purpose of this article is to determine the fit of the prediction model of dark personality traits based on childhood traumas with the mediating role of self-regulation, mentalization and attachment styles.

The current research was of correlational type and according to the objectives, Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) method was also used, based on Klein's formula, 147,400 people were considered. Also, separately from the questionnaires of dark personality traits (Johnson and Webster, 2010), self-regulation by Miller and Brown (1999), adult attachment style of Collins and Reed, (1990), mentalization or reflective performance by Fonagy et al. (2016), trauma Childhood Questionnaire (CTQ) was used by Bernstein, Stein, Newkamp, Walker, Pugh, et al. (2003) to adjust the model. In this research, descriptive statistics of mean, standard deviation, skewness and kurtosis and inferential statistics of correlation, regression and structural equation modeling (SEM) were used to analyze the data.

The results of the research show that the direct path of childhood trauma to dark personality traits was not significant, but all the indirect paths were significant, which indicated the confirmation of the mediation of the three variables of self-regulation, mentalization and attachment style (p<0.05).

Based on the results of this study, it is recommended that experts in the field of psychology focus on educating and supporting mothers to enhance their abilities in shaping secure attachment styles in their children. Clinical psychologists and therapists should particularly emphasize interventions aimed at improving cognitive restructuring and self-regulation for individuals with dark personality traits.