فصلنامه پژوهش ها و سیاست های اقتصادی
پیاپی 109 (بهار 1403)

In today's world, improvement and promotion of logistics performance plays a key role in creating sustainable development, so that becoming an international and regional logistics hub has been one of the most important commercial strategies of countries in recent years. Iran has had poor performance in becoming the logistics hub of the region in spite of its great potential. The present study has analyzed the feasibility of establishing a logistics hub in Isfahan province. In this regard, the feasibility of establishing a logistics hub in Isfahan province was analyzed based on the seven key factors required for the construction and development of logistics hubs, which are based on the empirical literature available in the field of successful logistics hubs in the world (especially the analysis of the development of logistics clusters in Singapore and Dubai and their unique processes to become logistics hubs using Porter's methodology (2008) in the field of cluster analysis). The findings revealed that Isfahan province in comparison with other provinces of the country has the necessary conditions for creating hub logistics, and it can be done by expanding and developing rail, air and multimodal transportation infrastructure; improving the business environment and removing obstacles to attracting and developing foreign direct investment increased the potential of this province for this purpose.

As technological advancements drive economic development and energy diversification, reliance on electricity has steadily increased. With the residential sector being a major electricity consumer, understanding the behavioral patterns of this group is crucial for managing electricity consumption and mitigating pollution associated with power generation. The main purpose of this study is to evaluate household electricity consumption behavior alongside its determining economic factors based on Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB).In this framework, the relationship between electricity pricing and socio-demographic factors with saving intention is examined to assess the intention of households to conserve electricity and explain their saving behaviors. To test the research hypothesis regarding the significant and dominant effect of behavioral factors on household electricity consumption, structural equations are employed. Research data is gathered through a field study involving 405 subjects (based on Cochran-Orcutt statistics) from residential electricity customers in Mazandaran Province of Iran. According to the results, the path coefficients for attitude, perceived behavioral control, and subjective norm were estimated to be 0.442, 0.323, and 0.128, respectively. Notably, the path coefficient for electricity price was estimated to be 0.121 (lower than subjective norm), indicating a significant but less influential role compared to behavioral factors. Additionally, the path coefficient for electricity saving intention was estimated to be 0.617, again highlighting the substantial importance of behavioral factors in electricity consumption. Based on the findings of this research, it is recommended that policymakers consider behavioral factors alongside pricing measures to control electricity consumption. For instance, in the framework of nudge approach, designing bills based on behavioral patterns and sending monthly and quarterly reports to compare the consumption of residents with their neighbors can have a significant effect on reducing electricity consumption. This approach not only contributes to resource and environmental conservation but also mitigates the adverse income distribution effects stemming from electricity price hikes.

In order to investigate possible ways to reduce environmental degradation while increasing production and economic growth, it is important to study the relationship between carbon dioxide emissions and economic growth using environmental indicators. In this study, we examine the Kuznets environmental hypothesis through two indicators of environmental performance and green economy growth indices for panel data of 134 countries from 1980-1980 using the fixed effects models. The results show Kuznets's environmental hypothesis by both indicators is not rejected. Then, we examine the impact of trade, foreign direct investment, education and research and development on all three indicators using the fixed effect model. The results show that trade has a significant effect on the environmental performance index and CO2 emissions in the environmental Kuznets curve. Foreign direct investment has a significant effect only on the Kuznets curve index and leads to increased carbon dioxide emissions. Education growth has a positive and significant effect on the environmental performance index and Research and development growth has not significant effect on any of the indicators. According to the results, it is suggested to the policymakers to design and implement coherent environmental policies while paying attention to the development and increase of the income of their country by considering environmental indicators. For example, the increase in trade and education, if it is increased in a planned manner, according to the planned rules and principles, will improve the quality of the environment.

Supervision of banks during financial life of banks shows that changes in the performance of banks can affect the economy. Disclosure of bank information is one of the ways that policymakers, investors, and depositors in the banking sector can monitor the good performance of banks. In this regard, reputable international organizations such as the Basel Committee, and the Economic Development and Cooperation Organization, have expressed a framework for corporate governance and information disclosure. In Iran, the framework of disclosure of bank information has also been stated. The review of theoretical literature indicates the existence of an optimal level of information disclosure according to economic and environmental factors. Considering the importance of the topic, in this article, the relationship between information disclosure and profitability of banks in the short and long term has been investigated by using the ARDL model in the period of 2001-2021. The results show that there is an inverted U-shaped relationship between information disclosure and banks' profitability so with the increase in information disclosure, the level of banks' profitability improves first and then decreases from the optimal level. Also, there is a U-shaped relationship between information disclosure and banks' profitability according to the level of economic growth, so first with the increase of disclosure and economic growth of banks, the profitability of banks decreases, and after the minimum point of banks' profitability, with the increase of economic growth and disclosure, profitability Banks increase. On the other hand, there is an inverted U-shaped relationship between information disclosure and banks' profitability according to the level of inflation. So, it is suggested to bank supervisors to pay attention to macroeconomic conditions in the requirement to information disclose. So according to the level of economic growth and the level of inflation, they determine the amount of information disclosure.

Calculating the value of goods smuggling and correctly estimating the economic factors affecting it are important in order to adopt policies related to the fight against goods smuggling. In the present study, the value of goods smuggling was calculated using the international trade method. Also, by introducing the unobservable component of the trend and creating a state-space model, using the method of structural time series and applying the Kalman filter algorithm, the coefficients were estimated and the short-term and long-term elasticities of the factors affecting goods smuggling were calculated. The data used in this research is a time series during the period of 1971-2021. First, by using the variables of Iran's import and export of other countries to Iran, the value of goods smuggling was calculated. The variables of unemployment rate, inflation rate, tax burden and the difference between official and free exchange rates were used to identify the factors affecting the smuggling of goods. The results indicate that the estimated underlying trend is not smooth and its nature is of the type of relative level model. According to the estimated model, in the short and long term, the unemployment rate has the greatest effect with 0.099 and 0.155, respectively, and the inflation rate has the least effect with 0.0062 and 0.0096, respectively, on the increase in the value of smuggling during the studied period. has it. Based on the results of this research, the general policy for the economic fight against goods smuggling and also to support the national production is to reduce the unemployment rate. Also, among other policies to combat goods smuggling, we can mention reducing the tax burden, controlling the inflation rate, and reducing the difference between the official and free exchange rates.

For 30 years, global development has demanded a new approach for cooperation between government, people and businesses to achieve health goals. The aim of the current research is to Design a Pattern to reduce the government's tenure in the field of health by approaching the government as a responsible observer in line with the realization of the general policies of Article 44 of the Constitution. The research method is a combination of qualitative and quantitative. In the qualitative part, by using 200 articles related to structural reform medels in other countries, as well as internal laws and regulations and experts' opinions, tried to explain the dimensions, components and indicators of the research, including 5 key dimensions related to the field of governance, 11 components and 57 indicators, and 9 methods of reducing tenure and designing 2 questionnaires. Finally, to analyze the quantitative data of the research, the structural equation method was used using the combined ISM-DEMATEL method to explain the relationships between dimensions, components and indicators (the first questionnaire) and Shannon's entropy method to prioritize the methods of reducing tenure (the second questionnaire). The result of this research shows that this is a complex but inevitable policy that must be determined when it starts. It also recommends interventions in several fields, such as the need to formulate general goals and policies in the field of health with a comprehensive approach, the key players of which are the government, the private sector, civil society, and the health sector.