نشریه پژوهش های جغرافیای اقتصادی
پیاپی 15 (بهار 1403)

One of the ever-threatening problems of human settlements is the occurrence of accidents that cause irreparable damage to various aspects of human life. One of the most common risks is drought, which is very frequent especially in arid and semi-arid regions and has caused widespread effects on a wide range of ecosystems around the world. Agricultural activities in Iran are highly dependent on weather conditions. Due to the importance of agriculture in Zanjan, the severity of the effects of drought is also more prominent. The purpose of the above research is to determine the level of the economic resilience indicators of the studied villages and which of the economic resilience indicators have the greatest effects of drought. The present research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in nature. The method of collecting information is library and field (questionnaire), the method of data analysis is descriptive and inferential. The statistical population of the above research is 30 villages of Mahenshan county. After examining the drought situation using the SPI index, economic resilience indices were extracted and evaluated. The data collected in SPSS software were analyzed with binomial tests, t-test and exploratory factor analysis. Considering the positive result of the one-sample t test and the significance level is less than 0.05, it is determined that the state of the economic dimension is in a favorable state; In other words, there is a positive and significant relationship between the variables of the economic dimension. The results of the factor analysis test showed that the employment factor is the most important factor affecting economic resilience in rural areas. The specific value of this factor is 5.472, which alone is able to calculate and explain 34.198 percent of the variance.The occurrence of drought in the studied villages has caused a decrease in the level of economic resilience in the study area and the most unfavorable indicators of resilience in the economic dimension are related to the index of receiving credits and loans related to drought with 1.00% and the extension of the installment repayment period due to the presence of drought with 0.99% and the possibility of changing jobs after the drought is 0.98%.

This research examines how effective water resources management impacts sustainable rural livelihoods in Poldakhtar city. It addresses the key issue of rural migration driven by decreased water resources and inadequate management, particularly affecting agriculture. The study, applied and descriptive-analytical in nature, focused on 7358 households in Poldakhtar's villages, selecting 365 households as samples using Cochran's formula. Data analysis was performed using sample t-tests and multivariate regression analysis. Results from the sample t-test revealed that the most favorable aspect of water resources management was the use of suitable cultivation patterns, which had the highest average score of 3.376. Conversely, the lowest score of 2.706 was for the Agricultural Bank’s role in providing loans for water needs. Overall, water resources management in Poldakhtar was rated positively, with an average score of 3.118. Multivariate regression analysis assessed the effects of water resources management on various dimensions of sustainable rural livelihoods. The analysis showed that water management significantly influenced social livelihood (beta coefficient of 0.325), economic livelihood (0.276), human livelihood (0.213), and physical livelihood (0.178). These findings underscore the importance of effective water management in enhancing various aspects of rural life and its potential to mitigate migration challenges by improving living conditions.

With the expansion of urbanization, numerous challenges and issues have emerged, rendering centralized top-down planning ineffective in urban management. Consequently, one of the most important approaches to creating a sustainable and inclusive city is focusing on the fundamental unit of urban planning, namely the concept of neighborhood and neighborhood management. A neighborhood encompasses three dimensions of physical planning, social organization, and governance. Among these, considering the governance dimension, examining contextual needs, and laying the groundwork for defining a neighborhood-centric model are of paramount importance. To elucidate the neighborhood management model in urban governance by adopting an exploratory-descriptive approach in the metropolis of Tabriz.This research employs a Partial Least Squares (PLS) approach as a second-generation non-parametric method of Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). It validates a model by simultaneously examining the roles of variables. SmartPLS 4 software and questionnaire tools are utilized. Additionally, reliability tests, Cronbach's alpha coefficient, composite reliability, validity, and average variance extracted (AVE) are examined for each component, indicating satisfactory reliability and validity. The sample size is calculated based on the total population of Tabriz in the latest census of 2016, which is 163,096 individuals, using the Cochran formula, resulting in 384 participants. The research findings indicate that among the factors in terms of effect size, the network society structure ranks first with an index value of 5.254, followed by urban governance, network society policies, social capital, and governance capacity with values of 2.873, 2.630, 2.555, and 1.695 respectively. Regarding the path coefficient index, urban governance ranks first with a path coefficient of 0.288, followed by the network society structure, network society policies, social capital, and governance capacity with coefficients of 0.268, 0.228, 0.204, and 0.181 respectively.The research concludes that in elucidating the factors effective in realizing the neighborhood management model, attention to the network society structure and its three characteristics—decentralization, virtualization, and intelligence, along with the freedom of activities, plays a fundamental role.

The value of an active sports tourist lies directly in the co-creation of his experience with the event and the destination. This study examines the impact of sport tourists' travel on the creation of a shared event experience by examining whether they affect event and/or destination loyalty in the Neor region. Understanding these interrelationships is essential, as the loyalty of active sports tourists can help achieve a competitive advantage for event and destination service providers. The current type of research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of data collection. Data collection has been done in two forms - library and field. The research tool is a questionnaire made by the researcher and closed in the form of questions. In this research, the statistical population of this research was all the tourists who had traveled to Neor from other cities and were present in the tourist area of Neor. The direct and indirect effects of sports tourism in the Neor region on strengthening the loyalty of tourists through structural equations and Lisrel software. The results showed that sports tourism with an impact factor of 0.76 was effective on the approach of strengthening the loyalty of tourists to the destination in the Neor region, and based on the thirteen dimensions of the loyalty of tourists to the destination, the dimensions of "how the staff of the tourism complex behaves"; "quality of interaction with tourists"; "Variety of tourist attractions" has the most influence, and also the dimension of "creativity in the destination" has the least influence on the loyalty of tourists to the Neor region, according to tourists.

Knowledge-based economy is a concept and approach in which emphasis is placed on the creation and use of knowledge, technology and innovation in economic processes. This concept relies on the principle that knowledge and innovation increase production, improve productivity, create employment and sustainable economic growth. Achieving basic economics requires investments in the human resources sector and planning policies focused on research and innovation, which can finally achieve macro social and economic goals through entrepreneurship and the creation of small, medium and large knowledge-based businesses. According to the purpose of this research, it investigates the impact of knowledge-based economy components on the economic well-being of different provinces of Iran, and the importance of this article is to investigate the impact of knowledge-based economics components on the economic well-being of Iran's provinces with a composite index approach based on the panel data econometric method (minimum method fully modified squares and ordinary least squares) were estimated using Eaves 12 software during the years 2012 to 2018 to check the stability and dynamics of the variables and also the long-term relationship between the variables using the unit root test and the Kao test and for the significance of the panel and fixed effects. And its randomness, the Flimer and Hausman test was used, which was confirmed with a 99% probability level of the test being a panel and with a 99% level of the first model having fixed effects, and in the second model with a 99% probability level of random effects. The results of the research show that in model A, the combined components of basic economics have a positive and significant effect on the economic well-being of Iran's provinces, and the productivity component and the ratio of government expenditures also have a positive and significant effect on economic well-being, and the inflation component has a negative and significant effect on well-being. economy of Iran's provinces, and in the estimation of Model B, the research results show that the combined components of education; Technology, information and innovation have a positive and significant effect on the economic well-being of Iran's provinces, and the combination of economic incentives has a negative and significant effect on the economic well-being of different provinces of Iran.

Rural tourism development research is very important for rural communities; Tourism development can provide a source of income and employment for the villagers. The aim of this research was to identify the most influential factors in the development of rural tourism in line with the sustainable economy of the village with the  Fuzzy Dematel approach. This research is a mixed research, which was conducted with a qualitative and quantitative approach. From the point of view of the goal, it is classified as developmental research, and from the point of view of the data collection method, it is classified as survey research. The statistical population of the research field in the qualitative and quantitative part is the experts and officials of the cultural heritage and tourism organization of Lorestan and Kermanshah province, as well as the academic staff members of the field of rural development and economics, which are 27 people using the purposeful sampling method and based on the principle of theoretical adequacy. They were considered as research samples. The data collection tool was prepared in the qualitative part of the semi-structured interview, and in the quantitative part, a fuzzy Dimtel questionnaire was prepared. After the analysis, it was found that factors such as identification of potential and actual capacities, formulation and implementation of the strategic document and development of rural tourism and appropriate information about the capabilities of rural tourism are among the most influential factors of rural tourism development in line with the sustainable economy of the village.