فصلنامه پژوهش های حسابداری مالی
سال پانزدهم شماره 3 (پیاپی 57، پاییز 1402)

Because the risk of falling stock prices has a significant impact on investment decisions and the optimal allocation of resources, it is essential to understand the factors affecting this phenomenon and its underlying factors. Based on the rational stock pricing structure in the Iranian capital market, this study measures the risk of falling stock prices and its alignment with price bubbles. To analyze and test the research hypothesis, data related to 30 companies admitted to the Tehran Stock Exchange for the period 1390-1401 were extracted. For this study, the stock price fall measurement model was estimated for the sample companies, and then its efficiency was measured and evaluated with the Kupiec test, and it was confirmed at a 95% confidence level. After estimating the capital assets pricing models, this study used Bartlett, Lunn, and Brown-Forside tests to assess the alignment between falling stock prices and bubbles. The results showed that there is no alignment between the variance of the risk of falling stock prices and bubbles based on the rational stock pricing structure in our country's context. Therefore, in our country, falling stock prices in line with price bubbles are not based on rational stock pricing.

This study delves into auditors' perspectives regarding the catalysts and barriers that impact audit firms' responsiveness to users' needs for audited financial statements. The research adopts a thematic analysis approach, with the participants being partners from audit firms selected through snowball sampling. Data collection was carried out via semi-structured interviews and continued until reaching theoretical saturation. The point of theoretical saturation was reached after conducting 17 interviews. The findings of this study highlight nine factors that foster accountability within audit firms: active engagement of professional associations, the societal position of auditors, mimetic isomorphism, signaling mechanisms, a culture of embracing risk, stakeholder demand for accountability, a suitable legal foundation, structural factors, and proactive audit committee. Conversely, the study discovers six challenges that hinder the establishment of transparency and accountability in audit firms: legal claims, expanding expectations of stakeholders, insufficient financial resources, information leakage, audit quality, and differing perspectives from supervisory bodies. This research offers valuable insights contributing to the theoretical underpinning of accountability for stakeholders within audit firms. This can potentially assist the audit profession and standards-setting bodies in enhancing the legal framework to fortify oversight mechanisms.

One of the most critical responsibilities of bank managers is liquidity management. The purpose of this study is to design and implement a combined mathematical model of the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Goal Programming (GP) for bank liquidity management. Initially, a conceptual model was drawn up, followed by the definition of model variables based on the bank's financial statements. Due to the presence of multiple, conflicting goals and the differing importance of each goal, the GP technique was utilized. The weighted nature of the GP model allowed for the calculation of the importance of ratios affecting the bank's liquidity within the objective function through the Analytical Hierarchy Process. The model was solved, and the analytical results were presented to bank officials. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed model was validated through a survey of seven main questions related to seven evaluation dimensions from 30 banking experts. Given the similarities in banking systems in the country, with minor modifications, the proposed model and pattern of this research could provide the necessary foundations for efficient liquidity management in other banks as well as help other Iranian banks to enhance their liquidity management efficiency with some adjustments.

The digitization of the economy presents challenges and opportunities for the auditing profession and requires auditors to adapt. This study examines changes in auditing profession expected by Iranian experts until the next 15 years. It addresses the perception of auditing, the auditor–client relationship, regulations, structural and procedural changes, and the profile of the auditing profession. 27 projections in the form of five sections were extracted through the background study. Using the purposive sampling method, 26 audit experts were selected as a statistical sample in 2023. In order to screen the auditing changes fuzzy delphi method were used. Then the changes screened were ranked through the priority assessment questionnaire and the Mabak technique. Experts believe the annual auditing will evolve toward a continuous and full approach. However, audit risks will not disappear. Similar to other areas, a regulatory gap between the new digital business reality and auditing standards will exist. automation will relieve auditors from routine tasks in favor of more complex tasks and massive job losses will occur. Audit addressees will trust automated auditing procedures more than manual ones. They expect a forward-looking approach from auditing. Auditing report will become less informative for audit addressees in cases like intangible assets and risk management report. Experts believe that while the current models of audit fees will not be appropriate in the future, the tension between the client and the auditor will not increase. Experts believe that new technologies will not replace the auditor but rather will provide support.

Most organizations witness the occurrence of unethical behaviors; But often a certain form of unethical behavior is neglected. This type of unethical behavior, that is done with the purpose of helping and benefiting the organization and its members, is known as unethical pro-organizational behaviors. The purpose of this research is to investigate the factors affecting unethical pro-organizational behaviors by accountants. In this research, social exchange theory has been used to explain the pro-organizational aspect of these types of behaviors and social cognition theory has been used to explain their unethical aspect. The statistical population of this research is made up of chief financial officers and accountants of manufacturing companies listed on The Tehran Stock Exchange. The required data was collected through standard questionnaires from 181 chief financial officers and accountants in 2023 and structural equation modeling was used for data analysis. The results indicate that the construct of perceived organizational justice has a positive and significant effect on the constructs of positive social exchange and organizational identity. In addition, positive social exchange and organizational identity constructs have positive and significant effects on unethical pro-organizational behaviors, although, no evidence of the moderating effects of positive reciprocity beliefs and moral identity constructs was found in the relationship between positive social exchange and organizational identity with the unethical pro-organizational behaviors. The results of this research show that the simultaneous use of social exchange theory and social cognition theory can provide a suitable framework for explaining the unethical pro-organizational behaviors of accountants.

 One of the goals of firms is to optimize their capital structure. Due to transaction costs, the actual capital structure is always deviated from the optimal and cannot be immediately adjusted. Therefore, examining the factors affecting the financial leverage adjustment speed can be important. The aim of this research is to investigate the effect of economic uncertainty and investment increase on the financial leverage adjustment speed. For hypothesis testing, a sample of 130 companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange during the period 2016-2021 was selected, and hypothesis testing was carried out using multiple regression and panel data. The results of hypothesis testing show that economic uncertainty has a positive and significant effect on the financial leverage adjustment speed in firms with excessive financial leverage, but this effect is not significant in firms with lower financial leverage. Additionally, firms with excessive financial leverage have a slower rate of leverage adjustment during periods of investment increase than during normal periods. However, investment increase has no effect on the financial leverage adjustment speed in firms with lower financial leverage. Moreover, the results show that in conditions of investment increase, firms with excessive financial leverage and low economic uncertainty have a leverage adjustment speed close to zero, while economic uncertainty has no effect on the financial leverage adjustment speed in firms with lower financial leverage during periods of investment increase.