نشریه توانمندسازی کودکان استثنایی
سال پانزدهم شماره 1 (بهار 1403)

The present study was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of teaching the Picture Exchange Communication System (PECS) on mothers’ stress and its effectiveness on the child-parent relationship, communication and social skills of slow-paced non-speaking children. The current study was a single-subject quasi-experimental type with an A-B design. The statistical population of the present study was made up of all slow-paced non-speaking students in Shahrood city studying in the academic year 2021-2022 which was obtained using available sampling method, and finally 3 children were selected (one male and two female students). The sample group was subjected to the educational program of the Picture Exchange Communication System (PECS) for 18 sessions. The tools of this research included Age and Stages Questionnaire (ASQ-3), Gilliam Autism Rating Scale (GARS-3), Child-Parent Relationship Questionnaire (CPRQ) and Parental Stress Questionnaire (PSS). The data were presented in the form of tables, graphs and descriptive reports. The findings showed that in the stages of post-test 1, post-test 2 and follow-up (one month apart), the educational program was effective on the child-parent relationship, communication and social skills of slow-paced non-speaking children and their mothers’ stress level. It can be concluded that the educational program of the Picture exchange communication system is effective on social and communication skills, so it is necessary that the educational program of the Picture exchange communication system receives the attention of therapists and researchers.

The present study was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of teaching the Picture Exchange Communication System (PECS) on mothers’ stress and its effectiveness on the child-parent relationship, communication and social skills of slow-paced non-speaking children. The current study was a single-subject quasi-experimental type with an A-B design. The statistical population of the present study was made up of all slow-paced non-speaking students in Shahrood city studying in the academic year 2021-2022 which was obtained using available sampling method, and finally 3 children were selected (one male and two female students). The sample group was subjected to the educational program of the Picture Exchange Communication System (PECS) for 18 sessions. The tools of this research included Age and Stages Questionnaire (ASQ-3), Gilliam Autism Rating Scale (GARS-3), Child-Parent Relationship Questionnaire (CPRQ) and Parental Stress Questionnaire (PSS). The data were presented in the form of tables, graphs and descriptive reports. The findings showed that in the stages of post-test 1, post-test 2 and follow-up (one month apart), the educational program was effective on the child-parent relationship, communication and social skills of slow-paced non-speaking children and their mothers’ stress level. It can be concluded that the educational program of the Picture exchange communication system is effective on social and communication skills, so it is necessary that the educational program of the Picture exchange communication system receives the attention of therapists and researchers.

The purpose of this research was to investigate the effectiveness of parent-child play therapy on self-esteem, social skills, and academic performance in Students with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). The research method was semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group. The statistical population of the research included all Students with Attention Deficit/ Hyperactivity Disorder of the second period of Isfahan City in the academic year 2023-2024, of which 30 people (19 male students and 11 female students) were selected by convenience sampling method based on the entry criteria. They were randomly divided into experimental and control groups (15 people in each group). In order to collect information, Eysenck self-esteem inventory (ESI), social skills questionnaire (SSQ) and academic performance questionnaire (APQ) were used. The experimental group received 10 90-minute sessions of the parent-child play therapy program and the control group did not receive any program. To analyze the findings, univariate covariance analysis was used using SPSS-23 statistical software. The results showed that play therapy had a significant effect on increasing the level of self-esteem, social skills, and academic performance of Students with Attention Deficit/ Hyperactivity Disorder (P<0.05). Therefore, it is suggested that specialists provide a basis for improving the self-esteem, social skills and academic performance of these children by establishing a parent-child play therapy training program.

The purpose of this research is to investigate the effectiveness of self-monitoring training on the attention and academic progress of students with special learning disorders. The research method was a single-subject type (multiple baselines) with intervention and follow-up. The statistical population of the current study includes all the fourth grade male students with math problems in the 20th district normal school, who were selected by purposive sampling of 4 boys according to the entry criteria. The tools of this research were Jordan's Attention Deficit Disorder Index (JADDI), the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale, 5th edition (SB-5) and teacher-made test for evaluating the subjects' math lessons. This study was conducted in three stages: basic, intervention and follow-up. In order to analyze the data, visual analysis and calculation of PND and SMD effectiveness indices were used for the average standard differences. Comparison of the results of three stages showed that self-monitoring training increased the attention and academic progress of all four subjects. Considering the effectiveness of attention self-monitoring training on the attention and academic progress of students with specific learning disorders (math disorder), it can be concluded that primary school teachers should use attention self-monitoring training to improve the attention and academic progress of elementary students with specific learning disorders.

This research was conducted with the aim of teaching the effectiveness of the behavior management program to parents on the challenging behaviors of high-functioning autism spectrum students. The statistical population of the research is30parents of 7-10year old students in Shiraz with high functioning autism spectrum in 1402, who were selected by purposeful sampling method and randomly divided into two groups of 15people, test and control, and both groups First, the subject was evaluated(pre-test) and after the implementation of the program, the experimental group was evaluated (post-test). The research tools included challenging behaviors questionnaire (RSCB). Data were analyzed by multivariate covariance analysis using SPSS-24 software. The findings of the research showed that the dimensions of challenging behaviors of autistic children in the two experimental and control groups are at a significant level in the post-test stage, in other words, behavior management training for parents has a significant effect on the dimensions of challenging behaviors of autistic children with high performance. has(P<0.05). As a result, the scores of the experimental group in the dimensions of challenging behaviors decreased in the post-test stage. Therefore, the training of parents' behavior management based on cognitive-behavioral basis has been effective in reducing the dimensions of children's challenging behaviors. According to the obtained results, it is possible to teach behavior management to parents in order to reduce Challenging behaviors and anxiety of children with high-functioning autistic disorder, as an effective intervention method, found benefits and reduced the challenging behaviors of children.

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effectiveness of parent-child Interaction therapy based on Eyberg’s approach on the anxiety and social skills of children with intelligence and developmental disability. The method of this study was the single subject, in three stages of baseline, intervention and follow-up. The statistical population included all mothers having children with intellectual and developmental disability and their children in Isfahan city, from among them,, 3boys were selected by purposive sampling method. Before implementing the intervention, the participants were evaluated 3times using Spence's preschool anxiety scale(PAS) and Matson's social skills questionnaire(MESSY). Then, the Eyberg's mother-child interaction therapy was performed for them in 15 sessions of 45 minutes, and during the sessions, they were evaluated 6 times using the mentioned tools. Moreover, after the end of the session, in order to check the durability of the intervention, they were evaluated 3more times. Finally, the data was analyzed using the method of visual analysis and effect size. The findings indicated that the anxiety of all three subjects decreased compared to the baseline and their social skills increased compared to the baseline. So that the effect size of the anxiety variable was reported for the first to third subject 1.62, 1.41 and 1.63 . In the variable of social skills, the effect size was reported 1.11, 1.47 and 0.58, respectively. Therefore, the results suggest that the parent-child Interaction therapy based on Eyberg’s approach can be used to improve children's anxiety and social skills by intelligence and development.