نشریه تحقیقات سیاسی و بین المللی
پیاپی 57 (زمستان 1402)

Atatürk and Reza Shah started the modernization program in Turkey and Iran almost simultaneously. Despite the historical similarities in the field of corrective measures of both personalities, the aforementioned process brought different results in the two countries; Compared to Reza Shah, Mustafa Kamal faced more success and the mobilization of the opposition was less widespread. The present study seeks to answer the question that compared to the simultaneous modernization project of Reza Shah and Atatürk, why Mustafa Kamal was more successful in institutionalizing reforms. Based on the findings of the research, Atatürk was able to implement his plans by adopting the Fabian approach (branch by branch and gradual, and striking method within the Fabian strategy) in the context and historical background of Turkish society. On the other hand, Reza Shah Pahlavi, without taking into account the historical and social situation of Iran's society at the time, could not provide infrastructure power in the society to support his policies with the simultaneous and radical plans. In this article, we will answer the research question in a brief manner by addressing the historical background of the reforms in the two countries, and then by using a qualitative and comparative analytical-historical-comparative method.

The study has investigated the perception of Iranian EFL teachers and policymakers towards the phenomenon of linguistic imperialism and globalization in the English language teaching curriculum and the relationship between contextual factors and the attitude toward linguistic imperialism. To conduct this research, 674 Iranian EFL teachers and eight high-ranking officials of Iran who are responsible for designing and compiling national documents in the Expediency Recognition Council, the Cultural Revolution Council, and the Ministry of Science, Research, and Information Technology were invited to participate in the research. Using structural equation modeling, the collected quantitative data was analyzed and the content analysis method was used for qualitative data. The findings showed the significant influence of cultural and contextual factors in shaping the attitude of educators and policymakers toward linguistic imperialism. To preserve the cultural and linguistic identity of students along with learning English as a global language, this approach can help students to increase their language skills and at the same time facilitate international communication. Therefore, the members of society specifically the planners, teachers, language learners, and parents should pay attention to the nature and cultural, social, and political consequences of this language and not consider it as a neutral communication tool.

The purpose of article to study the status of protection of the rights of combatants in jurisprudence and humanitarian rights by library method. The culture of systematizing the realization of the rights of warriors and keeping their memory and name alive is an important part of the cultural values of different societies. Therefore, efforts should be made to make these rights and values current in the heart of the society. During every war, policies are adopted to minimize the undesirable and unwanted effects of war, and these cases are foreseen in every war. The findings indicate that different divisions can be considered for the set of combatant rights; Among the most important factors, we can mention the rights during war and after the end of the warThe right to enjoy the status of prisoners of war" The care and access of combatants to medical services is of the rights of this class, which should be considered during and after the war. Other rights of fighters that were investigated in this research are economic rights and social rights. These issues are emphasized in humanitarian law Islam, as part of the example of share in Allah's beard (zakat), it given to them.

International relation's arena is extremely effected of cultural and identity ingredients. So gain an aspect and international prestige, penetrate in public opinion and access to soft power are the important and at the same time unspecified goals is the diplomacy of countries. China's emerging power is trying to export its cultural industries and penetrate as deeply as possible in the MiddleEast in order to strengthen its soft power.The importance of this Chinese strategy can be seen in the cooperation document with Iran.At the same time, the identity and cultural opportunities contained in this agreement have the potential to expand Iran's soft power in the international system.Therefore, the purpose of this study is with descriptive-explanatory method and using library texts and available data to answer the main question, how does China's cultural exports to the Middle East and the cultural opportunities of the Iran-China Cooperation Agreement highlight the role of soft power in international relations?This hypothesis is raised in response to this question: China's investment in the distribution of identity products in the Middle East and the cultural opportunities resulting from the 25-year cooperation agreement for Iran, express the need for governments to pay attention to the concept of soft power.

In 2022, Iran witnessed a wave of social protests that attracted the attention of the world. The main goal of this research was to answer the question, what was the role of foreign Persian language media, especially the international network, in covering and influencing the protests of Shahrivar month 2022 in Iran? According to the hypothesis of the research, foreign language Persian media are trying to weaken the authority and change the government of Iran by targeting people's values ​​and beliefs and projecting and reflecting false news and adopting the method of news tyranny. To answer this question, highlighting theory and descriptive-analytical method and secondary data were used. The findings showed that the activities and provocations of the foreign language Persian media, especially the Iran International network, play a direct and central role in intensifying dissatisfaction, political activism, spreading the virus of gatherings, desecrating the mental security of public opinion, vandalism, tarnishing the image of the system and officials. and had security and military organizations.

The revolution in Iran had tremendous effects on the Muslim countries, especially the Shiites of the west-Asian region and some countries at the level of the international system. The Islamic Revolution has become an effective phenomenon in modern Shiite geopolitics, regarding its appeal in its slogans, goals and principles, ways and methods, content and results of movements, historical and religious commonalities, and regional and international conditions. Now the main question is “which issues affect the foreign policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran in the West Asian region?” Among the effective factors in the foreign policy of the Islamic Republic, we can mention the principle of invitation, Tuli and Tabari, “the creation of hearts” (that is, the support of Muslims and the oppressed), adherence to contracts and agreements and international customs, the principles contained in the constitution, which Iran's approach towards other countries and international organizations are determined and bilateral and multilateral relations are formed within the framework of these rules. The foreign policy of the Islamic Republic, relying on the Shia Islamic identity, is a way to spread the life-giving teachings of Islam and send the message of spirituality, freedom and independence to the world. In this research, using the descriptive analytical method, the causes and factors affecting the foreign policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran will be analyzed based on the theory of constructivism, inspired by the Shiite identity in the West Asian region