Journal of Cellular, Molecular and Biomedical Reports
Volume:3 Issue: 3, Summer 2023

Sepsis has remained a high mortality rate worldwide. Endothelial cell dysfunction is closely associated with the development of sepsis. Hydrocortisone has potent immunological and antitoxic effects, and thus it is frequently used in the treatment of septic shock. However, it can also cause respiratory damage and death by anaphylaxis. In recent years, the combination of hydrocortisone and other drugs such as vitamin C and thiamine has achieved promising outcomes in refractory septic shock. The present review focuses on the therapeutic effects of hydrocortisone in sepsis and summarizes the mechanisms by which hydrocortisone acted on the vascular endothelial cells. We highlighted the effect of hydrocortisone on anti-inflammation, anti-apoptosis, improvement of vascular functions, and anti-oxidative stress. We also pointed out that the mechanisms by which the combination therapy with other drugs enhances the effects of hydrocortisone are still unclear and need to be clarified to determine the benefit of the treatment of sepsis.

A new simple, selective, rapid, precise reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography method has been developed and validated for the estimation of Molnupiravir in bulk and its pharmaceutical dosage form. The separation was made using Symmetry ODS C18 (4.6×150mm, 5µm) column. The mobile phase used contained Methanol. Phosphate Buffer pH-4.2 adjusted with Orthophosphoric acid solution in the ratio of 35:65% v/v in an isocratic mode at a wavelength of 236nm. The mobile-phase flow rate and the sample volume injected were 1 ml/min and 10 μL, respectively. The retention time of Molnupiravir was found to be 2.8 ±0.2mins. A good linear relationship of Molnupiravir r =0.999) was observed over a concentration range of 20 to 100µg/ml of Molnupiravir. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) for Molnupiravir was found to be 2.6µg/ml and 6.35µg/ml. The recovery percentage was observed in the range of 98-102%. The relative standard deviation for the precision study was found <2%. The developed method is simple, precise, specific, accurate and rapid, making it suitable for the estimation of Molnupiravir in bulk and marketed pharmaceutical dosage form. It was concluded that in the present developed RP- HPLC method is simple, rapid, and accurate, hence can be used for routine quality control analysis in the Pharmaceutical industry.

More than 75% of women have uterine fibroids (leiomyomas), which may have major morbid effects. By far, they are the main reason for a hysterectomy. Smooth muscle cells and fibroblasts make up the complicated cellular assemblage known as fibroids. They generally develop from somatic mutations, most often MED12, and are rich in the extracellular matrix. They provide chances to investigate fundamental mechanisms due to their lack of inhibition of growth and their capacity to display aspects of malignancy while remaining histologically and physiologically benign. The processes behind the genesis and evolution of leiomyomas remain a mystery. In the current research, 102 individuals were found, 12 of whom were removed for a variety of reasons, and 90 patients' data were analyzed. Age prevalence is evaluated in the topic, and risk factors, pharmaceutical therapy, surgical alternatives, and consequences are examined. According to this research, women between the ages of 31 and 40 are more likely to develop uterine fibroids, and age, obesity, and hormone imbalance are risk factors. Anti-fibrinolytic agents are a first-line therapy in the pharmacological management of menstrual bleeding. Hysterectomy is the recommended surgical procedure for the treatment of uterine fibroids. Our research found that excessive or prolonged bleeding and unfavourable pregnancy outcomes were the main symptoms. This research shows that uterine fibroids have a major influence on one's quality of life.

Chromoblastomycosis (CBM) is a fungal disease, distributed in tropical and subtropical regions, affecting mainly rural workers. It is characterized by chronic skin lesions that may vary from nodular, tumorous, verrucous or plaque type. Associated constitutional symptoms are rarely found. The histological presentation may yield a pathognomonic feature, the Medlar (sclerotic) bodies, in which a typical brown to black pigment is depicted, explaining “copper pennies” as its alias. In this article, the case of a 56-year-old woman in the countryside of Brazil is reported; whose main complaint was a chronic leg ulcer for the past 8 years. On the left leg, a large, partially ulcerated plaque lesion was found. Microbiological cultures were positive for the pathogen. Histological analysis demonstrated pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia, lymphohistiocytic infiltrate and sclerotic bodies (“copper pennies”). CBM’s epidemiological panorama, once established uniquely by geographical distribution, is transitioning to a global health issue, influenced by immunosuppressive conditions, global warming and migration. This scenario demands CBM to be widely considered as a differential diagnosis and may represent a clinical challenge in regions whose professionals have little expertise in infectious tropical diseases.

Successful malaria diagnosis is the mainstay of successful treatment, prevention and eradication of malaria infection. Apart from the gold standard technique (Microscopy), numerous diagnostic techniques perform a similar function to microscopy and in most cases tend to have varying sensitivity and specificity, especially when compared with the gold standard technique. Therefore this study aimed to determine the Performance and accuracy of SD Bioline Malaria Ag P.f (05fk50) (Rapid Diagnostic Test kit) to Gold standard (Microscopy). A total of two hundred (200) samples were collected from the consented study subjects and analyzed using RDT and Giemsa staining technique. The result revealed an overall prevalence of 132(66.0%) and 167(83.5%) respectively by RDT and Microscopy, where 115 (57.5%) were true positive, there was no significant difference between the two techniques (P> 0.05, df= 1, χ2 = 3.695). The RDT recorded a sensitivity and specificity value of 68.86% and 48.48% respectively with a positive predictive value of 87.78% and a negative predictive value of 23.53%. The RDT recorded an overall accuracy of 0.66. The Rapid Diagnostic test kit used in the present demonstrated a high level of sensitivity and positive predictive value with relatively low specificity and negative predictive value. Regular checks on the Performance and accuracy of all brands of RDT should be conducted as their perform

Deafness can occur due to damage to the ear, especially the inner ear. In other cases, the cause is a heterogeneous genetic abnormality and is caused by the changes that occur in the genes involved in the hearing process. Mutations in GJB2 and SLC26A4 genes are one of the most important causes of deafness in the world, which causes syndromic and non-syndromic hereditary hearing loss. The purpose of this study is to investigate GJB2 and SLC26A4 genes related to genetic syndromes of deafness and bioinformatic analysis at the genome and proteome level and to evaluate and compare the expression of these genes in different tissues of the human body. For this purpose, tools related to bioinformatics analysis such as UCSC and OMIM databases were used. One of the common genetic syndromes caused by mutations in these genes is pendred syndrome. The clinical symptoms of this disease are weight gain, constipation, dry skin, and hair, decreased energy, sleepiness, bulging belly, decreased body temperature, and slow growth. This disease does not currently have a specific treatment, so it is very important and fundamental to investigate the genetic factors affecting this disease. The results of this research showed that the transfer of potassium, sodium, and chlorine ions as well as the mutation in the SLC26A4 gene, which is responsible for the synthesis of pendrin protein, is very effective in the occurrence of pendred syndrome. To diagnose pendred syndrome more accurately, molecular methods should be used in genetic tests. The results of comparing the expression profiles of these two genes showed that the difference in the expression of these two genes is very high and, in general, the expression of the SLC26A4 gene in the body is very low. Because people with hearing loss have other problems including damage to other parts of the body such as the heart, kidneys, or eyes. Knowing the genetic cause in these cases allows the doctor to be aware of problems in other systems as well.