فصلنامه شعر پژوهی (بوستان ادب)
سال شانزدهم شماره 2 (پیاپی 60، تابستان 1403)

Gothicism and Gothic, in addition to art, are known and accepted as a style and method in literature. The elements of this style are generally expressed in fiction works, but its manifestations can be found in the poetry of some poets today, including Nosrat Rahmani. In this article, adescriptive-analytical method has been used to investigate and analyze the dimensions and quality of Rahmani's unconscious and sometimes deliberate use of the components of Gothicism. in this regard, the poems that can be found and analyzed based on Gothicism; Or the poems whose norms and content are based on characteristics that are related to Gothic elements, have been selected and analyzed from the perspective of Gothicism. The findings of the research show that Rahmani brought narratives with event, description, space creation and unconventional and surprising themes in his poetry, which can be evaluated as Gothic narratives. These narratives have an adventurous and nightmarish style and report the failure of crazy and tragic loves; Also, include surprising, ominous and generally related to death, grave, shroud and similar events. it has been classified under the titles of "Gothic and Surreal", "Gothic Description", "Gothic Spatialization", "Gothic and Place" and "Gothic and Objects". In these narrations, descriptions and images are also used that have an illusory and melancholy aspect; In this way, they can put strange, dark and scary spaces in front of the reader's eyes and thoughts and cause him fear and annoyance. These coordinates have established a kind of closeness and similarity between Rahmani's narratives and Gothic works, and have made Rahmani one of the poetswho are attracted to the elements of Gothicism.

Kowlivaareh is a collection of sixteen modern sonnets written by Simin Behbahaani, published in "Dasht Arjan" in 1362. While reading, the readers confront with a series of narratives by the main structure of dialogue; Therefore, the authors of this article have investigated and analyzed the conversational language of this collection. It's required to mention that the investigation and analysis of the conversational language in the narration is based on the theories of the structuralists, in which the linguistic elements involved in the conversation such as words, compounds, pronouns, tone, propositions Dialogue, literary elements in dialogue relations and the function of dialogue are examined and analyzed. In this article, the linguistic structure of Simin Behbahaani's Kowlivaarehaa has been investigated and the authors have found new and considerable results regarding the innovations of this great contemporary poet in modern sonnets. The function of dialogue in Simin Behbahaani's Kowlivaarehaa is carried out in the form of "reflection of the poet's inner states, description of the current situation and the demand for the desired situation" and the poet in these sixteen narratives, the Kowli - who is a symbol of she, herself and every free woman and man she calls for trying to build a better society.

The concept of war and its related interpretations is a significant aspect of the lyrical genre of romantic poetry. The concept of cuteness and showmanship in romantic relationships is explained using war-related forms and elements. This research investigates the function of love and war conceptual fields in Fayez Dashti’s couplets. This study utilizes qualitative and quantitative analysis to examine Fayez Dashti's couplets through the theoretical framework of conceptual metaphor, as established by Lakoff and Johnson (1980). The study findings, presented as desk research, demonstrate that out of 494 couplets by Fayez Dashti (1988), 131 couplets include at least one essential aspect of the war field. This abundance, which is obtained from the expansion of 79 clear cases of war relations, in support of the indices of inter-domains and metaphorical consequences related to the field of war, as well as the details that sometimes arise from the cultural-climatic conditions, is the theme of a significant part’s couplets. The result from this perception clarifies that the symbolic interpretation of these songs within the context of "Love is War" necessitates a continuous examination of the input fields and the metaphorical outcomes associated with the central metaphor.

Lyrical poetry is emotional poetry that comes from the depth of the poet's being and expresses his most original and intimate feelings. This type of poetry is a mirror of the whole interior view and expresses the poet's conscience, and it has different types, all of which are taken from the poet's emotional and fragile self, and their impact is due to the fact that it arises from the depth of being and sits on the heart. . One of the types of lyric poetry is Bath-al-Shakvi, which literally means complaint and heartache, and in it the poet rises to glory from all the factors that messed up his emotional, social, political and existential philosophy and the human race. And she undergoes changes and distortions, and sometimes she sits with the audience with tears, sometimes with reproaches, and sometimes with lamentations, and she expresses the causes of her suffering and distress. Simin Behbahani is one of the contemporary poets who has spoken in her poems in the form of complaints about the disorders of life such as the neglect of feelings, romantic resentment, as well as protesting the conditions of the society in which she lived and the suffering of the people of the time. In this article, the authors try to describe and analyze the types of complaints in the books of poems "Chalcharagh" and "yek dariche azadi" written by Simin Behbahani. The findings of the research show that personal complaints have a higher frequency than other complaints in both collections, and the reason for this can be seen in the failures of the poet's family life and her sensitive and feminine spirit. These complaints are the best way to find out the poet's mental and psychological characteristics and present a picture of her personal life to the audience

The connection of several of Hafez's poems with each other is significant. Analyzing the elements of these links can sometimes lead to a more accurate understanding of Hafez's poetry. Reflecting on the intertextual relations of Diwan Hafez provides us with valuable information about the events of his life and some influential figures in those events. One of those praised by Hafez is Khwaja Jalaluddin Turan Shah, the famous vizier of Shah Shuja' Mozaffari. The analysis of the poems related to him in Hafez's Diwan shows that there was a close relationship between him and Hafez. During the times when Hafez's relationship with Shah Shoja and his court was in crisis, Turan Shah tried to improve things in the role of a supporter. Supporting Hafez against his opponents and helping him in poverty are also important issues that should not be neglected in drawing the face of Turan Shah. In addition, Hafez has recorded some valuable advice from that wise minister in his poems. Understanding and analyzing these important words can lead to valuable results for a better understanding of Hafez's life and an even more accurate understanding of his poetry. In this essay, with the method of content analysis and in a descriptive-analytical way, we have tried to analyze the presence of Turan Shah in Hafez's poems by relying on the detection of intratextual relationships in Hafez's Diwan.

Phenomenology is one of the most important methods of contemporary philosophical thinking, which was founded by Edmund Husserl and quickly became a method for research in various fields of human sciences, including literary criticism. By suspending the natural approach to the world and focusing on the interpretation of phenomena as they appear on the subject, the phenomenologist learns and explains the objects.Since artists, especially poets, actually describe their lived world as it has appeared to them, the components of the phenomenological method such as "Intentionality", "Epoche", the Tim consciousness, "Ego" and its lived world and " He traced "time consciousness" in their works. Qaisar Aminpour is one of the poets with a contemporary style. In this research, we have analyzed and analyzed selected poems of his, and extracted the phenomenological components that he used to describe the world he lived in.The results of the research show that Aminpour mentioned "Epoche", "Intentionality" and "Ego" in his poems. In some cases, Kaiser discussed the "categorial intentionality" of phenomena, and as we have presented in an example, Husserl's "Time consciousness" can be a guide in the analysis of some of his poems.

Persian literature is bound to accept oral and folk culture and literature in its text and heart. Hafez is one of the poets who nurtured the oral culture of his time and reflected it in the art of his poems. There is a verse in his poetry as follows:What should I do with your eyes and eyebrows?And the bow saddle that you draw on the patient's headThe recording of this verse is based on the edition of Abulqasem Anjavi, and Parviz Natal Khanleri, Mohammad Qazvini, and Qasim Ghani gave "I am sick", but Hossein-Ali Haravi "On the head of the patient" is more correct and the recording of Hafez Qudsi is a proof of this claim. knows However, "pulling a bow over the patient's head" is a matter of discussion. In the past, it was official that when they despaired of the patient's recovery, they would keep a big tray next to the patient and without him noticing, they would put a ball of clay in the bow and hit the tray hard to Hearing that unexpected sound, the patient will get scared and recover. This researcher in this article, which is done with descriptive and analytical method, seeks to investigate this issue by exploring popular culture, Persian literature and traditional medicine and by mentioning the mythological roots and basics of traditional medicine along with .