نشریه جامعه و سیاست
سال دوم شماره 1 (پیاپی 5، بهار 1403)

Poverty is a social, economic, and cultural phenomenon that results from the lack of minimum human needs or the inability to provide them in fact, it is the result of social and economic inequality, which appears as a problem, and makes the spatial structure of different areas of the city have clear and obvious contradictions; the existence of deprived class can be observed in any society, but what proportion of the population of that society is deprived and poor is a fundamental issue that can be emphasized and emphasized by the officials and leaders of that society. Imam Khomeini (RA) as the founder of the Islamic Revolution, from the very beginning of the revolution, paid attention to the deprived class and poverty alleviation. In their lectures and books, this issue has always been considered. For example, it is said in the sahifah: One of the great blessings that God has given this nation is that the government is the government of the oppressed, the government of the deprived. The main purpose of this article is to investigate the position of the deprived class in the discourse criterion of Imam Khomeini (RA) in Iran after the Islamic Revolution. Therefore, with the descriptive-analytical method and using library sources, to the main question, what was the position of the deprived class in the discourse criteria of Imam Khomeini (RA) in Iran after the Islamic Revolution? The answer has been given. The results of the research findings show that Imam Khomeini (RA) paid great attention to the deprived class and always emphasized it.

Political stability refers to the relative absence of certain "destabilizing" political events that manifest as changes in the structure of power and changes in government through peaceful or violent actions. Therefore, the research problem of this study is to examine the status of political stability and instability during Hassan Rouhani's presidency (2013-2021) and to investigate the most important factors influencing it. By doing so, this study aims to provide a model (conceptual framework) for analyzing it. The present study, entitled "Examining the Role of Rouhani's Government Performance on Political Stability in Iran," seeks to analyze and interpret the impact of Rouhani's government performance on political stability over two four-year periods. In this study, four components encompassing political stability are examined independently and separately as factors: political participation, changes in government, the relationship between the governing institution and institutions affiliated with the government, and the functions of the government. Emphasis on these factors is based on political evidence and realities in Iran, as well as the opinions and studies of Saunders, David Easton, Huntington's theory, and Parsons. To achieve the objectives of this study, the researcher employed a qualitative comparative method and utilized both domestic and foreign sources as data collection tools. The findings of this study indicate that the solution to strengthening political stability and durability in Rouhani's first term lies in political balance and theoretical consensus among power institutions, political participation, and government functions in economic areas such as controlling and reducing inflation rates, strengthening people's purchasing power, and increasing economic growth. In the second term, the decline of these indicators is considered a factor of instability. However, the inability to align policies and orientations with the leadership's approach in foreign policy has had a greater impact on the instability of Rouhani's government in the second term.

The aim of the current research was to explain the sociological political participation from the perspective of the elites of Khuzestan with an emphasis on social capital. The current research method is quantitative and practical in terms of purpose. The statistical population of this research is all the political elites of the Khuzestan region, which includes university lecturers, middle and senior managers of government departments and organizations private companies, doctors, engineers, educators, and writers. From the sociological point of view, participation means the feeling of belonging to a group and participating actively and voluntarily in it, which leads to social activity; It is very important. Considering the results of this study, it can be concluded that the existence of social interactions plays an important role in the collective life of people, and social capital can be considered as an influential factor in the political participation of society. In this regard, thinkers of the replacement theory believe that in today's social life, people who spend more time on the Internet cannot spend more time on other activities. Supporters of this theory believe that the media is important because of 1. taking people's time to participate in social activities; 2. Preventing face-to-face communication and 3. Encouraging people to join like-minded groups; They have a negative effect on political approaches and participation. On the other hand, they believe that the social trust of these people in political institutions also decreases. Therefore, the politicians of the society should provide the conditions of social communication and face-to-face meetings so that people can have social participation in different groups and associations and then strengthen their political participation. then strengthen their political participation.

The purpose of this research is to examine Israel's crime and its impact on Iran's security from the perspective of international law. Israel has long used the strategy of "inter-war campaigns or campaigns between wars for the interests of Iran and Iran's allies attack in Syria; With the difference that in the past few months and at the same time as Israel's destructive war in Gaza, the intensity and frequency of such campaigns has increased. Israeli war crimes are violations of international criminal law, including war crimes and crimes against humanity, that the Israel Defense Forces, the military arm of the Israeli government, have been accused of committing since Israel's founding in 1948. These include the deliberate targeting and killing of civilians, killing of prisoners of war and surrendered combatants, indiscriminate attacks, collective punishment, starvation of civilians, use of human shields, torture, forced transfers, violations of medical neutrality, targeting of journalists, attacks Illegal air strikes or attacks against civilian objects and protected objects, indiscriminate destruction, and incitement to genocide. The challenges of the Israeli regime in the political field are increasing in terms of quantity and quality, and existential security is still an issue for it. Racial separation or apartheid, instability, corruption, reduction of political participation, and deadlock in the peace process in the Middle East are some of the political challenges that affect the security of the Israeli regime. Its security and legitimacy have faced an existential threat. Systematic and continuous violations of various fields of international law by the Israeli regime have been serial and accompanied by increasing level of severity and extent. The purpose of the Israeli regime in committing these violations, which ironically have been documented in some cases (only in some cases) by international mechanisms, is not necessarily to expand the occupation, but to destroy and destroy the existing international law and turn it into Israeli international law.

Child marriage is a socio-cultural phenomenon that affects girls' lives in some parts of the country, leading to many personal and social problems and damages. The aim of this research is to explore the lived experiences of child brides based on marital quality. The present research was conducted qualitatively, focusing on the lived experiences of women who have undergone this phenomenon. The study involved women aged 18 to 39 who were married for the first time before the age of 18. Sampling was done purposefully using the bullet method. The interview texts were analyzed using the theoretical coding method. The research findings, derived from the interviews, include causal conditions such as gender stereotypes, lack of spouse choice, and lack of knowledge. The category of marital powerlessness emerged as the main phenomenon. The results show that marriage at a young age causes women to face powerlessness in the personal and interactive aspects of marital relationships. Their responses to the problem of powerlessness manifest as concealment, divorce, adaptation, and forced silence. Consequences of this include marital boredom, dissatisfaction with life, frustration, social isolation, and emotional divorce.

Over the past three decades, relations between China and Turkmenistan and Kazakhstan have developed based on strategic and bilateral cooperation, with China playing a pivotal role in the region as Kazakhstan's primary economic partner. This research investigates the potential scenarios for the transportation of natural gas from Central Asian and Caspian Sea countries to China using cooperative game theory. The study begins by addressing the problem statement, theoretical framework, literature review, and research methodology. In the second phase, the economic evaluation of existing infrastructure and the most likely scenarios for the next 30 years are conducted. In the final phase, the bargaining power of each country is calculated using the Shapley value in various scenarios. The findings indicate that Kazakhstan, due to its geographical location, holds the highest bargaining power among Central Asian countries. Additionally, production capacity and gas exports are identified as the second most important factors in determining bargaining power. The research shows that an alliance is not feasible without the presence of a key country, and both geographical location and natural resources are identified as sources of national power in the geopolitics of energy. The model further reveals that if Iran's production capacity increases and its pipeline infrastructure connects to Turkmenistan, Iran could play a significant role in supplying natural gas to China. This study also demonstrates that the simultaneous implementation of all projects benefits Kazakhstan, while the best scenario for Iran involves cooperation with Azerbaijan. This research addresses critical questions regarding the distribution of bargaining power among countries and the economic and political impacts of various scenarios in the oil and gas trade between Central Asia and China.