Journal of Nano Structures
Volume:14 Issue: 2, Spring 2024

In this study, cocoamide monoethanolamine was used to create the Kappa Carginate nanopolymer. After that, it was ground with hard balls to produce nanoscales. (24.56 ,26.80 ,49.13) nm. FTIR, scanning electron microscope, and an X-ray diffraction tool were used to studies. The polymer’s ability to absorb substances was tested at various pH, with pH 7 having the best absorption capacity (50). The effect of time on absorption capacity was also investigated, with the more time the polymer was exposed to, the greater the absorption. The role of heat in deciding the usage of polymer in ion treatment (Zn2+, Pb2+, and Co2+) in solutions was investigated, and the influence of heat on the neutral pH capacity for absorption was demonstrated.

Porous CdS nanocrystalline thin film was synthesized via chemical bath deposition. The XRD (X-ray diffraction) pattern of the porous shows the cubic structure. FESEM (Field emission scanning electron microscopy) analysis shows that the surface of Cadmium sulfide (CdS) is a porous shape.  The EDX (energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy) Technique assures the presence of Cd and S elements in the sample. To determine the band gap energy of porous CdS, UV-visible absorption spectra were analyzed, revealing an estimated value of approximately 2.39 eV. Subsequently, the photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue was using porous CdS as the catalyst. This degradation process took place under visible light irradiation from a 200-W xenon lamp. The utilization of porous CdS in this photocatalytic reaction demonstrates its potential as an effective catalyst for the degradation of methylene blue, a commonly used dye in various industries. To our knowledge, there is no previous study about porous CdS acting as catalysis to remove methylene blue dye. In seven hours, porous CdS removed 72% of methylene blue.

In this study, preparation of azo dyes as appropriate functional azo groups. Then pointed out best chemical properties of azo dyes by Mechanism preparation of Azo dye derived from Cephalosporin (Ceftazidime and Cefotaxime) and application in Pure Pharmaceutical dosage. Also in this study , synthesized  poly (AM-co-AC) hydrogel by free radical copolymerization, was utilized as an initiator for the free radical reaction in the presence of a catalyst, potassium persulfate (KPS), and N,N-methylene-bis-acrylamide (MBA) as crosslinking agent. The overlay nanopolymer was diagnosed utilized techniques, like FESEM, TEM and XRD measurements, this surface have a properties could be applied for future work of water treatment. Precision, selective, rapid, sensitive, inexpensive, and accurate spectrophotometric method has been developed for the study of cefotaxime in pure pharmaceutical dosage. The oxidative coupling reaction of the cefotaxime drug with 2,4-dinitrophenyl hydrazine in potassium periodate as a chromogenic reagent in alkaline medium to preparation of azo dye form a color-stable orang product soluble in water with a maximum λmax of 580 nm for two drug (Ceftazidime and Cefotaxime). The best conditions for the estimation were established, like the effect of volume of the reagent, the order of additions, the effect of volume of sodium hydroxide, the effect of temperature, the effect of solvent, and the effect of oxidation time. That obeyed law lambert beer in linearity of the concentration (1–10 mg/L) of cefotaxime, correlation coefficient of R2 (0.9979), (0.9689) and LOD( 1.2×10-4 μg/ml), ( 1.4×10-3 μg/ml),and   LOQ (9.2×10-4 μg/ml), LOQ (8.3×10-3μg/ml), for two drug (Ceftazidime and Cefotaxime) respectively. The value of recovery% was in the range of 99.16–100.7 (n = 3), which indicates the precision of the developed method. This method is useful successfully for the determination of for two drug (Ceftazidime and Cefotaxime) in pharmaceuticals (injection).

2-[2-(5-Methylethiazolyl) azo] and the combination of its cobalt(III), nickel(II), and copper(II) complexes yields the new bidentate azo dye ligand 5,6-dimethylbenzimidazole (5-MeTADMBI). The suggested structures were found by using atomic absorption spectroscopy, molar conductivity, magnetic susceptibility, nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) and 13C NMR, Fourier transforms infrared (FTIR), ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis), mass spectrometry, X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA/DTG), and scanning electron microscope field emission (FE-SEM). All complexes have been given geometry suggestions according to analytical and spectroscopic data with cobalt(III), nickel(II), and copper(II) ions, the 5-MeTADMBI ligand takes an octahedral shape via N, N donors and behaves as a bidentate. The biological testing of the synthesized compounds against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella and candida. revealed increased antibacterial activity. Their testing revealed that the metal complexes are superior against a variety of bacterial and fungal species. Finally, based on IC50, most of the compounds exhibited potent anticancer activity towards both the A549 human lung cancer cell line and the normal human lung fibroblast HdFn cell line.

The present investigation delineates the synthetic procedure employed for the production of 2-[2’-(5-methylthiazolyl)azo]-5,6-Dimethyl benzoimidazole (L1) and its corresponding silver(I) complex (C1) as well as gold(III) complex (C2). The ligand and the complexes underwent comprehensive characterization using a range of analytical techniques including FT-IR spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance 1H-NMR spectroscopy, 13C-NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, Elemental Analysis (CHNS), molar conductivity measurements, X-Ray diffraction analysis, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), and magnetic susceptibility measurements. The antibacterial and antifungal properties of these compounds were assessed, revealing that the synthesized compounds demonstrated superior efficacy against bacteria in comparison to conventional antibacterial medications. Nevertheless, their efficacy against fungal pathogens was observed to be comparatively diminished in comparison to conventional antifungal medications. Based on the findings from molecular docking investigations, the synthesized compounds were evaluated for their binding affinity towards the kinase domain of human DDR1 in conjunction with the pancreatic cancer-associated protein. Furthermore, the L1 compound and C1 compound were subjected to evaluation in terms of their anti-cancer efficacy against a specific pancreatic carcinoma cell line (TP-53) utilizing the MTT assay. The experimental results have revealed that the examined compounds exhibit noteworthy anti-cancer properties, thereby implying their prospective utilization as auspicious contenders for subsequent advancement as anti-neoplastic agents.

In this paper, a solution casting technique has been used to investigate the nanocomposite from polyvinylalcohol (PVA) and polyethylene glycol (PEG) with additive different (1.5, 3, and 4.5) wt.% of zirconium carbide nanoparticles (ZrC NPs). The absorption spectrum between 200 and 800 nm was examined using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer. The addition of ZrC nanoparticles to the polymeric system improves the absorption of ultraviolet waves. While transmittance ratios (85-70%) are maintained allowing it to be employed for a variety of purposes, including solar radiation shields, low-cost UV protection, and drug packaging. The optical energy gap for indirect transitions (allowed and forbidden) shrank as ZrC NP content increased. Also, every optical constant has been studied, The parameters that have been experimentally studied for the nanocomposite (PVA-PEG-ZrC) have shown results that are identical to the theoretical studies and the mathematical relationships that govern these parameters.

In this study, copper and chitosan were used because of their excellent antimicrobial properties. Electrochemical impedance tests show that an HA/Cu/Drug/chitosan (Chit) coating has a polarization resistance of 300,000 Ω because the copper coating on the titanium dioxide nanoparticle (TNP) increases corrosion resistance. A potentiodynamic polarization test shows that the current of corrosion of the HA/Cu/Drug/chitosan sample is 2.1719 × 10−6 A. The antibacterial activity of the HA/Drug, HA/Drug/Chit, and HA/Cu/Drug/Chit coatings was evaluated in vitro against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29737, and it is found that the HA/Cu/Drug/Chit coating presents high antibacterial activity due to the presence of copper and chitosan. Its optical density is 0.78, which is lower than that of all the other samples. Cell viability is highest for the TNP samples containing chitosan. Regarding the TNP sample containing HA/Drug (99.4%), it is observed that the percentage of cell viability is higher than that of the TNP sample containing HA/Cu/Drug (97.54%) due to the toxicity of copper. This study shows that the modification of the titanium implants can be used to control drug release and enhance corrosion resistance, antibacterial properties, and cell viability.

Developing high-performance photocatalytic materials to remove contaminants from water sources is vital for health and environmental conservation. In this study, ZnO/Ni-doped Co3O4 heterojunction nanocomposites were successfully fabricated by sol-gel method and utilized as one of the most promising photocatalysts for the photocatalytic decolorization of reactive red 141 (RR141) dye. The concentration of Ni dopant was selected from 0 to 8 wt%. The prepared photocatalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and field emission-scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectra (EDS), and UV-visible diffuse reflectance spectra (UV-vis DRS) analysis. The optical band gap of ZnO nanoparticles, Co3O4 nanoparticles, ZnO/Co3O4, ZnO/2Ni-Co3O4, ZnO/5Ni-Co3O4, and ZnO/8Ni-Co3O4 nanocomposites was found to be 3.25, 2.54, 2.9, 3.78, 2.71, and 2.56 eV, respectively. The photocatalytic results demonstrated robust performance for ZnO/5Ni-Co3O4 nanocomposite in the decolorization of RR141 dye, achieving output as high as 97.4% under 100 min light irradiation. This enhanced photocatalytic efficiency can be attributed to the synergistic effects of Ni doping into Co3O4 lattice and its coupling with ZnO to form an n-p heterojunction ZnO/Ni-Co3O4 nanocomposite, which effectively improves light absorption and separates photogenerated charge carriers on the surface of the nanocomposite.

A distinct approach in this study was the synthesis of a novel nano heterocyclic Schiff base ligand (LH) by the reaction of 1, 2-diphenyl-2-(thiazol-2-ylimino) ethan-1-one with 1-(4-((2-hydroxybenzylidene) amino) phenyl) ethenone and 4,4’-methylene dianiline. A chelate complex is formed when Schiff base ligand (LH) reacts with palladium (Pd (II)) ions. Synthesized ligand and its complex were characterized by different characterization techniques including UV-Visible, Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR), molar conductivity, melting point, atomic absorption, magnetic susceptibility, CHNS elemental analysis, Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Results of the characterization study suggested that the Pd (II) complex have a square-planar geometry with metal to ligand ratio of 1:1. For exploring the potential of the synthesized complex against a breast cancer cell line (MCF-7) and normal HEK cell line (for comparison study), the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) cytotoxicity assay was employed for evaluating the anticancer activities of the synthesized materials. Overall, the results of the study revealed that synthesized novel nano Schiff base ligand (LH) and its Pd (II) complex possess the remarkable anticancer properties and can be used as an anti-cancer drug in the field of medicine.

This work describes how to use the solution casting method to add varying amounts (0, 1, 2, 3, and 4) of Y2O3 and SrCO3 nanoparticles (NPs) to polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) composites. The optical microscopy images showed the formation of networked channels inside the polymeric matrix as electrically charged particles, which became more intense at higher nanoparticle concentrations. With the use of field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), the surface of the nanocomposite was examined. The Y2O3 and SrCO3 nanoparticles were found to be consistently and equally distributed throughout the PVA polymer matrix. Fourier transformation spectroscopy (FTIR) was used to analyses the structural characteristics of the nanocomposite and gather data on molecular vibration. The polymer matrix interacted with the additional Y2O3 and SrCO3 nanoparticles, according to FTIR analysis. Physical interactions between Y2O3 and SrCO3 nanoparticles and the PVA polymer matrix have been demonstrated by the FTIR analysis. The dielectric constant and loss were found to be significant of (PVA/Y2O3/SrCO3) nanocomposite decrease with increasing of frequency while, they are increase with content ratio of Y2O3 and SrCO3 NPs. The A.C. conductivity of (PVA/Y2O3/SrCO3) nanocomposite increase with increasing of frequency and concentration of Y2O3 and SrCO3 NPs. Finally, the PVA/Y2O3/SrCO3 nanocomposites were tested for the antibacterial against both gram positive Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and gram-negative Escherichia coli (E. coli). The result obtained that the inhibition zone diameter increased with increasing Y2O3 and SrCO3 NPs. The PVA/Y2O3/SrCO3 nanocomposite exhibited antibacterial activity.

The advantages of nanoparticles in the treatments of cancer are rapidly growing, chemotherapy is considered the common treatment for cancer, and radiation and surgery treatment have their disadvantages because it lacks the target of the drug delivery. This study is directing a great deal of attention to TiO2-NPs that are produced by the methods of green synthesis. These nanoparticles could act as drug transport and carriers and in some cases also as drug replacements for the treatment of cancer. In this study, TiO2-NPs that are non-toxic and also cost-effective were prepared employing the gall plant extract of Quercus infectoria. Green-treated TiO2-NPs were measured on their purity and were pure; the investigations were carried out through UV–Vis- spectrophotometer, and the diffraction of X-ray (XRD). The analysis of specific and targeting the functional groups responsible for TiO2-NPs reduction were performed via spectroscopy of Fourier transform infrared (FTIR). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was employed to confirm the formation of spherical shapes of TiO2-NPs.