نشریه پژوهش های نقد ادبی و سبک شناسی
پیاپی 54 (زمستان 1402)

Samaani's Rooh-al-Rawah and Kashf-al-Asrar Meybdi are two works in Persian mystical literature, the first of which deals with the description of Asma-ul-Hosni and the second is the interpretation of the Holy Qur'an. Despite the fact that the basis of the work of the two authors is different from each other and the subject of one of the books, i.e. Rooh-ul-Rawah, is specifically the description of Asma al-Hasani and the other book, i.e. Kashf-ul-Asrar, is the interpretation of the Surahs of the Holy Quran, but It can be said that Meybodi was influenced by Samani's Ruh-al-Rawah in his interpretation, and Meybdi's prose is very similar to Ruh-al-Rawah's prose in terms of stylistic features, especially in the third verse. Samani's melodious and melodious prose in Rooh-al-Rawah has had a surprising effect on Meibdi's prose. In this research, the authors have come to the conclusion that there are similarities between the spirits and the discovery of secrets on three linguistic, literary and intellectual levels. The use of Farsi words and Ijaz in the speech is one of the linguistic similarities of the two books. The use of literary techniques such as simile, allegory, simile, metaphor and the use of debate and poetry in prose is one of the literary commonalities of these two books. Finally, expressing the contents in the manner of preachers and assembly speakers and being influenced by the mystical school of Abu Saeed Abu Al-Khair and avoiding dry and ascetic prejudices are the intellectual commonalities of Samaani and Meybidi.

The history of literature is the history of intertextuality or a series of influences and effects. Meanwhile, the influence of prominent works on artists after them is more and more serious. In the same way, it is the influence that Nezami Ganjavi had on the poets after him. One of them is the great contemporary poet, Ahmed Shamlous. With the trick of "summoning and re-creating the character", Shamlou has called "Mahan Koshyar" from the seven military figures, dressed it in new clothes and played with creativity. The method of summoning and re-creating a character, which is conceptualized and named for the first time in this article, consists of taking a face from the works of others, and retrieving and re-creating it in a dynamic, active and meaningful character in a new context.
In fact, the new Mahan is the same as Ahmad Shamhou, and now, in addition to the former wandering and deception in Haft-Pikar, he has experienced existential loneliness, a sense of historical and ethnic impasse, philosophical despair and boredom, and a kind of pseudo-ideological wandering. For Shamlou, the Mahan issue is, as he stated, the fundamental issue of our century.

The collection of stories and novels examined in this research is related to the opposite climates of the south and north of Iran. The common point of these two regions is the presence of the sea, which affects the climate and the occupation of the residents. The general purpose of the current research was to compare the climate style literature of the north and the south. In this research, which was carried out in a descriptive-analytical way, the climate literature of the north and south of Iran in the novel "Goodbye to my city" by Hajar Khammami and the story "Gilea Mard" by Bozur Alavi (North) and the story "I turn off the lights" Konem" by Zoya Pirzad (South) has been reviewed and compared. The collection of two stories and novels examined in this research is related to the contrasting climates of the south and north of Iran. The common point of these two regions is the presence of the sea, which affects the climate and occupation of the residents, and of course it also changes the mood and lifestyle of the people.

Form and content are components that influence each other and have close and two-way relationships. If these relationships are accompanied by skill and taste in a special order and unique language and expression, it shows the artistry of a poet or writer. A lasting text must have a good form and content. If Ferdowsi's Shahnameh is still valuable after a thousand years, it is because of its good form and content. Now the question arises as to how Ferdowsi was able to show us the beauty of his poetry in this Verjamand work. What literary tools did Hakim Tus use to express the beauty of his poetry? By examining the stories of Shahnameh, we find that Ferdowsi was able to write beautiful and artistic poems by combining form and content. He has been able to choose appropriate words, beautiful combinations, images Poetically, the music of the words, the tone of speech, the rhetorical aspects, etc., write beautiful and artistic poems. In the story of Zal and Rudabe, Ferdowsi used tricks that formed a unique form and content in describing the heroes of the story.

Each individual has a unique worldview and ideology, which is conveyed to others through discourse and forms the basis of social relationships and the formation of beliefs. One of the prominent Russian theorists, Mikhail Bakhtin, presented the theory of dialogic logic in the genre of the novel to demonstrate the justice discourse among the author and other characters. He provided elements for examining multiplicity in the novel, including heteroglossia, carnival, characters, and types of dialogue. This paper uses a descriptive-analytical approach to explore the short story "Nun" from the collection "Nun and Other Stories" by Jamal Zaki Al-Ghwasmi, a contemporary Palestinian writer, based on Bakhtin's theory of multiplicity to understand the extent of the story's alignment with dialogic multiplicity and present examples from it. The results show that this novel falls into the category of multi-voiced novels, exhibiting elements of Bakhtin's dialogic theory and showcasing democracy of dialogue within it.

Textbooks are one of the most important tools for the formation of the intellectual, national, cultural, religious and literary foundation of each generation during childhood and adolescence, and among them, Persian books are a carrier for the narration of human thoughts and imaginations due to the attention to fiction literature. The main purpose of this research is to investigate and compare the narrative elements (prose) in Persian books of the 10th, 11th and 12th grades of humanities. The research method is descriptive-analytical. The results showed that structurally there is a logical connection in different educational levels. In the reading section of the book, the use of informative and constructive stories and anecdotes is the best tool for purposeful enrichment of free time and also for making students' free time enjoyable and useful, and for developing skills. Students' language skills are a very suitable tool. Reading stories and stories inculcates the habit of studying and familiarity with it in students, and causes their verbal growth, mental dynamism and creativity, and widens the vocabulary and the horizon of understanding concepts in students