نشریه دولت پژوهی ایران معاصر
سال دهم شماره 2 (تابستان 1403)

The purpose of the current research is to investigate the functions of the government in the field of popularization in the intellectual system of the Supreme Leader. The theoretical basis of the research is the statements of His Holiness and the method of thematic analysis has been used. The statistical population in this research included all the statements that His Holiness made from the beginning to (February 1402) regarding the popularization of government functions. According to the findings of the research, the levels of popularization of the functions of the government in the orders of the leader of the revolution are realized in 5 levels of communication, executive, educational, economic and participatory functions of the government with the people. Popularization of the functions of the government on the one hand depends on the fundamental components such as the coherence and authority of the government, the simplicity of the officials, having modesty, honesty in politics, justice, meritocracy of the officials, adopting the popular lifestyle, relying on the capacity Inherent in the country is the trust in the people's capacities and the foundation for the people's presence in the scene, and on the other hand, the components that prevent the popularization of the government's functions are: internal disputes, despair and hopelessness, promises and back-of-promises, public Extortion, aristocracy, theatrical works and conflict of interests. The popularization of government functions has very important effects and results, which include achieving unity and empathy between people and officials (national solidarity), establishing public welfare and justice in society, creating social trust, expanding social participation of citizens, Avoiding civil and political passivity among citizens, not eroding social capital, increasing the efficiency of the government, the authority and comprehensive development of the country, and achieving popular governance. According to the results of the research, the Islamic government can provide the grounds and conditions for the interaction of the government with the people, and while benefiting from the cooperation and social participation and Enjoying the satisfaction of the people in order to create a healthy society and establish an Islamic government.

Every government needs authority in addition to force and power for its survival. Legitimacy is the guarantor of the government's authority and legitimizes the right to command and forbid the rulers and the necessity of obeying them. Relying solely on military power, without the support of legitimacy, is not possible in the long term. The political systems that rule Iran have also relied on the support of legitimacy and have relied on reasons to legitimize and justify their rule and rule. This article seeks to analyze the developments of legitimacy, find its turning points and the similarities and differences in the perception of legitimacy in Iranian governments from the Achaemenid Empire to the Islamic Revolution. Therefore, by referring to historical documents and using the method of qualitative content analysis, the main changes in the legitimacy of the political system and its ups and downs in Iran from the ancient period until now will be expressed. In the end, it becomes clear that the governments ruling Iran from the ancient times to the Islamic revolution - except for the Pahlavi dynasty - have relied on the divine theory of legitimacy, and despite all their differences, they have this in common.

The judicial system in Iran, whether from the time of its monopoly in the hands of the jurists, or the time of dividing its powers and duties between the Sharia and customary courts, until the establishment of the “Diwan Mazalem” and the Justice Fund during the time of Naser al-Din Shah, or the “Edalat Khane” of Muzaffar al-Din Shah, or even the creation of relatively modern institutions Judiciary, due to the diligence of the Davar during the time of Reza Shah and the expansion of the judiciary in the second Pahlavi era, for several reasons, including the shortcomings of the judiciary, the interference of the jurisdiction of Sharia and custom, the lack of regulation and compilation of uniform laws, the lack of guarantee of legal enforcement, and of all More importantly, the authoritarian nature of the ruling system and the intervention of the authorities in judicial affairs, never tasted the true taste of independence and was always influenced by internal and external pressures and the influence of those in power. The present article, in response to the question of the nature, limits and loopholes of judicial independence in Iran from before the constitution to the threshold of the Islamic revolution, with a descriptive-analytical approach and using library and documentary sources, aims to investigate and outline the ups and downs of this process. judicial independence and analysis of its roots and reasons.

The concept of "communization" is one of the innovative and new concepts in the discourse of the Islamic Revolution, which is specifically mentioned in the statement of the second step. This concept, along with two other important concepts in this statement, i.e. "self-building" and "civilization-building", shows the connection of these three concepts with each other, as well as the connection with the 5-stage process of realizing the new Islamic civilization, which has been proposed by the leader of the revolution many times. This article uses the method of descriptive semantics to analyze this novel composition in detail, and with linguistics as well as the use of terms and concepts close to this concept such as "community", "community" and "Islamic society" in Quranic and Islamic literature and Islamic thinkers and others. The statements of the wise leader of the revolution try to recognize this important combination. This article is written with a descriptive and analytical approach, and the main question is, "In what sense are communityization and community building used in the thought of the Supreme Ayatollah Khamenei, and what are their differences with each other?" By examining the differences between "paying" and "making", certain differences between socialization and socialization were revealed in this research. Also, by analyzing the statements of His Holiness regarding the construction of the Iranian Islamic society, we found that his main view in the field of socialization is looking at the appearance of the Islamic society, because he considers the foundation of the Iranian people, which is responsible for socialization, to be strong and solid, which can be easily undermined. Is not. Also, paying attention to important elements and components such as transformation, jihadi work, and rejuvenation, etc., is an indicator of the skin and appearance of society and is one of the components of socialization.

The jurisprudence of the objectives, which is opposed to the Akhbari jurisprudents and Sharia-oriented thinkers, is a school of jurisprudence that tries to explain the realization of the main objectives of the Sharia. This approach considers the use of modern thinking as one of the main methods of jurisprudence. Proponents of this school, who are mainly active among Sunnis, consider jurisprudence as merely a tool and consider the goals of jurisprudence (the general principles of Islam) more important. The main question of the current research is what are Shatabi's views on political issues as one of the objective thinkers? The research has been done by analytical and descriptive method and based on library study. The findings of the research show that according to Shatabi, the goal of Sharia is to fulfill the great interests of mankind. With this approach, Islam can preserve the Western democracy system and make this human experience more fruitful by transforming the Islamic principle of "council" as a moral instruction and general principles into a practical system for governance.

  According to many sociologists, the political press is one of the most important indicators of political development and it is mentioned as one of the main pillars in democracy. An active press, while accelerating the improvement of political development, prevents tyranny and political stagnation in a country. The press, as one of the most important tools of mass surveillance, makes the sphere of power more transparent, and those in power will be accountable for their performance. In this regard, the main question of the present article is, by what mechanism do the press and media influence the process of political development? In analyzing and answering this question, first by using the existing theories in the field of political development, the relationship between the press and analysis and evaluation was established. Then, while examining the activity of the press in Kurdistan province after the Islamic revolution, the extent of their effectiveness in the process of political development of this province has been examined. One of the indicators of political development that is discussed in the current research is the level of political participation of citizens in elections. To collect and analyze the data of this issue in Kurdistan province, the statistical research method has been used. The findings of the research show that at any point in the Kurdistan province, during the years after the Islamic revolution, the activities of the press and news media have grown, and the process of upgrading the indicators of political development has also improved. Of course, it should be acknowledged that the mere quantity of the press is not effective in improving the process of political development, but what is important is the degree of freedom of the press and media and the threshold oftolerance of regulatory institutions.

The main concern of this article is to present an ideological and methodical approach with a critical approach to the political thought of the founders of the People's Mojahedin Khalq Organization and the application of Spriggans theory in the analysis of political thought. The present article tries to theoretically organize the stages of problemology, etiology, idealism and solutionology in the political thought of the People's Mojahedin Khalq Organization. In order to understand the political thoughts of the founders of the People's Mojahedin Khalq Organization, we will benefit from the philosophical approach of internal logic. Based on internal logic, in order to understand any seeker, one must understand exactly its thought processes. In fact, from this point of view, to understand any method of research and especially political theories, active, alive and historically growing thinking, which have concepts, collective and general benefit in their framework, should be taken into consideration. According to the findings of the research, the main problem of Iranian society according to the founders of the organization was internal tyranny and foreign colonialism; The intellectual and religious decline of the Iranian people are the main causes that have caused such problems; The ideal ideal to eliminate problems is ideal state building after the fall of the imperial system; And finally, they declare that the only way to overthrow the Pahlavi regime and dismantle internal tyranny and foreign colonialism is an armed uprising.