پژوهش نامه نظم و امنیت انتظامی
سال هفدهم شماره 2 (پیاپی 66، تابستان 1402)

Violence against children and adolescents is one of the topics that is often raised as a violation of human rights. This problem exists globally and especially in underdeveloped countries, and it creates extensive negative consequences not only for its direct victims, but also for family members and communities. Considering this issue, the aim of the current research is to examine the position of the prohibition of domestic violence against children and adolescents in the light of international documents.

The current research is of a theoretical type and has been carried out with a documentary method. The data has been collected in a library form through bibliography and data collection and finally analyzed.

Domestic violence against children and adolescents is significant from two perspectives: one from the perspective of the right to health and the other from the perspective of prohibiting discrimination and not paying attention to the position of children and adolescents in the family. Committing domestic violence against children and teenagers violates examples of fundamental human rights. Fundamental human rights in the literature of international human rights have a mandatory description. Governments are obliged to fight against this phenomenon and take the necessary measures to prevent it from happening, and if it happens, to follow up and punish the perpetrators through legal means.

The Convention has played an effective role in defending children's rights, but it has shortcomings in areas such as weak structural coordination, executive guarantee, theoretical foundations and definitions, and the non-deterrence of declared punishments. In many aspects, the Law on Protection of Children and Adolescents 2019 provides adequate coverage for the obligations arising from the Convention on the Rights of the Child.

The present research is organized whit the topic of examining the styles and methods of applying psychological operation techniques in the content of virtual social networks and sites in the field of public security.

This research has been done by combining two methods.In the first part, the content analysis method is used and the statistical population in this part of the research includes 539 articles and news related to psycho operations and public security in Online Hamshahri and Jame-Jam Online sites and social networks, including the Telegram channel of the Young Scholars Club and Telegram channel is breaking news.The statistical sample of this part of the research was selected based on the content analysis of 265 articles in different formats in social networks and 274 articles in the mentioned sites. The volume of the samples is equal to the materials used to review the samples of the reverse questionnaire that the researcher made and based on the researcher's indicators. Also, in the second part quantitative method of this research, a survey was used, based on which, 60 series of questionnaires were distributed among the genius, experts and masters in the field of psycho operations and general operations.it should be noted that in both methods, the chi-square statistical test was used.

The findings of the research in the content analysis section indicate that the studied media have used the "repetition" psycho operation technique more than other techniques in preparing and producing and publishing their news and content in the field of psycho operations, while the findings of the survey method indicate that, genius and experts in the field of psycho operations and public security believe that websites and social networks make the most use of the rumor technique in the news and content of the field of psycho operations. Also, among every seven hypotheses of this research, six hypotheses were rejected and just one hypotheses were confirmed.

The result and results of the findings of khakis research are that the opinions and opinions of the elites and experts in the field of psychological operations and public security regarding the content of the sites and social networks in which they use social media techniques, both in terms of form and content, it is different the scientific and up-to-date facts society, so it is necessary for them to reconsider their views and policies regarding such issues.

Conflict is a type of disorder in social relations between individuals and groups, which is considered one of the most important issues in society. The research was conducted with the aim of identifying and psychologically studying the reasons and contexts of individual and collective conflicts in Tabriz city and providing strategic and practical solutions.

In terms of purpose, this research has used the type of applied research and the descriptive approach of the correlation type. The statistical population of the research consists of the residents of Tabriz Police Station 13, who had a lot of conflicts and conflicts, and the statistical sample was 300 men in the age range of 20 to 45 years, who were selected using available sampling method and their number was determined using Cochran's second formula due to the unknown statistical population. In order to collect data, the standard anomie feeling questionnaires, Cassidy and Lang's (1996) Problem Solving Skills Questionnaire (PSS), Keyes Psychosocial Health Questionnaire, and the researcher-made Personal Conflict Questionnaire were used. Corrective opinions of experts and researchers were obtained, and reliability was calculated and confirmed using Cronbach's alpha coefficient.

Examining the research model showed that the constructs of this research have sufficient validity in terms of convergence and correlation, and the results of the correlation matrix of the separate validity index showed that the constructs have appropriate validity. Also, the examination of the structural fit indices showed that the fit of the model from the structural dimension can be trusted. Finally, the overall fit of the research model showed that the research model has good overall fit (Gof=0.323). Data analysis showed that there is a relationship between the feeling of anomie and individual conflict (β=0.728, t=24.343), between mental health and individual conflict (β=0.479, t=9.786) and style There is a significant relationship between problem solving and personal conflict (β=0.460, t=2.015).

Quarrels and conflicts are among the social issues that, in addition to creating an atmosphere full of anger and hatred and making human relations miserable, also threaten security from various aspects. This issue should be placed on the agenda of educational institutions during the process of socialization of people, and it should be more sensitive to policymakers, so that while improving the mental health of the society, its irreparable side effects can also be prevented.

Having the right to health is an inalienable human right and is considered one of the main features of an ideal society. This right has attracted the attention of thinkers and many jurists due to the existence of some issues such as infectious diseases. The most important goal of this article is to examine this right in line with order and security.

This research has used a descriptive-analytical method as well as a survey method with a random sample selection through a questionnaire.

In this research, the right to health has had a special place in the legal system in the light of citizenship rights. According to the principles of Article 43 of the Constitution and Article 8 of the Civil Service Management Law, the right of everyone to have access to health and medical services and insurance premiums, providing and guaranteeing the right to health is one of the duties of the government. This right has a direct relationship with the issue of order and security in such a way that if the right to health in the society is ensured for the citizens, the security of health and social security is established in the society.

The right to health can be considered one of the fundamental rights of citizens, which is necessary for the fulfillment of other rights. Article 43 of the Constitution, Article 8 of the Civil Service Management Law, the right of everyone to access health and medical services and insurance premiums, is responsible for providing health and medical services. They are responsible for providing healthcare services. Therefore, the right to health and its guarantee is considered one of the main characteristics of a desirable human society, the possession of which is the reason for staying immune from all kinds of widespread diseases and obtaining suitable health care for citizens, so that they can protect themselves in times of outbreaks of infectious diseases. Have the existing capacities provided by the governments.

Fluorescent inks are among the prominent and important compounds, appreciated to which the authenticity and validity of a document or package can be checked in a fraction of a second. They are widely used by government institutions to protect financial, economic and defense systems in law enforcement operations. The main use of invisible markers in law enforcement applications is to covertly mark items subject to a criminal offense, allowing the marked item to be easily identified.

The current research is practical in terms of its purpose and experimental-laboratory in terms of its method. In this article, the synthesis and evaluation of the efficiency of the invisible marker based on photoluminescent nanoparticles are analyzed. Trisodium citrate with different amounts of urea was subjected to ultrasonication and then stirred at 50 degrees under nitrogen gas conditions. The final solution is placed inside a microwave with a power of 900 watts and a temperature of 250 degrees Celsius for 5 minutes. Then it is kept under vacuum conditions for 24 hours. Next, solid and insoluble particles are separated. Finally, the strained solution is dried in the oven at 60 degrees. The performance of optimized photoluminescent nanoparticles was investigated and evaluated through fluorescence spectrometer, ultraviolet absorption spectroscopy, zeta potential, scanning electron microscope and infrared spectroscopy.

The quantum yield obtained for the synthesized carbon dots was 0.44 and the quantum efficiency is very suitable for fluorescent compounds. The solution of carbon dots has two absorption peaks with maximum absorption at 326 and 404 nm. Carbon dots have the maximum emission at the excitation wavelength of 365 nm, and their emission is in the range of 400 to 600 nm with the maximum intensity at the wavelength of 436 nm. Also, the synthesized carbon dots, at the excitation wavelengths in the visible region, have an emission of about 520 nanometers. The FTIR results show that there are amine and carboxyl groups on the surface of the synthesized carbon dots, which shows that the surface of the carbon dots is well functionalized. The zeta potential for the synthesized carbon dots shows the value of -10.8, which makes the carbon dots stable in the solution phase and do not stick to each other. According to the electron microscope images, the synthesized carbon dots have a smooth and spherical surface. Also, the size of the particles has been calculated to be around 20.80 nm.

The synthesis method in the microwave environment was chosen due to the higher production efficiency and more uniform size with the property of exposure of nanoparticles in the solid phase. Laboratory results showed that the emission wavelength of nanoparticles is in the region of 520 nm and their applicability as invisible tracking in different environments is possible. The prepared carbon dots are hydrophilic, stable and harmless with high fluorescence performance to make invisible markers. The luminescence and emission efficiency of the synthesized compound, in solution and solid state, was investigated by applying ultraviolet radiation and was successfully confirmed. Therefore, this type of carbon dot nanoparticles can be an excellent option for the development of invisible security markers for law enforcement and security that can reduce fraud. Stability and tunable optical properties can develop promising security elements for object authentication.

the phenomenon of strife and conflict in society, by creating disruptions in social relations, has created an atmosphere full of hatred, hatred and enmity among people, and by setting the stage for creating strife and subsequent tensions, the society has become materially and It damages the soul. Despite this, how to deal with this phenomenon has been the concern of the guardians of order and social security. In this research, the factors affecting the occurrence of mass conflicts in Aliguderz city were investigated in the form of three categories of social, cultural and economic factors, which are derived from the theoretical foundations and views of social thinkers.

In terms of the type of achievement and goal, the current research is applied, and in terms of the research method, it is a "descriptive-analytical" qualitative study. The method of data collection was using a semi-structured interview tool with the participating community of 30 people. The findings were analyzed using thematic analysis technique.

The obtained findings show that, from the point of view of the statistical community, the areas of group fights in Aliguderz city are: "social" areas with 10 components and an influence index of 47%; "Cultural" fields with 8 components and an impact index of 33% and "Economic" fields with 9 components and an impact index of 20%.

The obtained results show that in order to prevent mass conflict and also to have stable public security in the studied area, it is necessary to plan according to the components related to the three fields of "social", "economic" and "cultural".