فصلنامه جغرافیا (برنامه ریزی منطقه ای)
سال سیزدهم شماره 4 (پیاپی 53، زمستان 1402)

Seashores are highly valued as a meeting point between land and sea worldwide. Coastal areas are often referred to as economic gateways to international markets and are considered the frontline of economic prosperity. They are also seen as the entry point for development into previously underdeveloped areas. Despite their great distance from the geographical center of the mainland, the port functions and spatial effectiveness of ports can help to balance this. It is important to maintain a clear and concise writing style, avoiding sprawling descriptions and complex terminology. Ports are considered geostrategic places and supplements that increase the national power of countries. Nowadays, the development of ports and port competition has become a topic of interest in geopolitical studies. Using the descriptive-analytical approach, this article seeks to explain the concept of port competition and its dimensions. The findings of the article show that ports are exposed to geopolitical competition, which affects the global power network. In other words, the geopolitical role of ports is reflected in the global power structure with competitive functions. As a result, ports are constantly interconnected with their territorial neighbours and if possible to influence the process of competition and the positive continuation of this influence, they lead to the promotion of the port's position and the expansion of the sphere of influence.

With the occurrence of the industrial revolution, negative environmental consequences occurred in the world, which were caused by the lack of proper attention to economic development and its impact on the natural environment. Construction activities consume a significant part of the world's energy, mineral resources, water, and other resources, as well as a significant percentage of carbon dioxide emissions, solid waste production, and water pollution in the world. In the meantime, architects were looking for new design and construction solutions based on the principles of environmental sustainability and energy conservation. International standards in different countries have been developed based on these principles, including the LEED standard, which means energy and environmental design guide and BREEAM, the building environmental quality assessment standard. The aim of the research is to explain the indicators of school improvement with an emphasis on environmental quality assessment standards in secondary schools of the desert provinces of Iran. The method of descriptive-analytical research is that the information is collected by field method and using interviews with experts. The results and findings show that the coefficient of impact of waste, materials and resources, pollution, management, transportation and water efficiency are positive and significant as indicators of school improvement. Also, based on exploratory factor analysis, it was determined that BREEAM and LEED indicators are suitable and desirable for evaluating school improvement.

the borders of most countries in the region, such as Bahrain, the United Arab Emirates, Qatar, Iraq, and Kuwait, have faced problems at various stages of determining the border lines, and it has often led to disputes and conflicts between them. According to this introduction, the main goal of this research is to present a strategic model for solving Iran's maritime border challenges with the southern countries of the Persian Gulf. The main question of the article is, what are the most effective factors in solving Iran's maritime border challenges with the southern countries of the Persian Gulf in the form of a strategic model? The research method is based on Piage Saunders and layer by layer. Using MIXED METHOD is the main method of our research. The method of data collection is based on the library method, the use of various articles and books, direct observation, interviews and the use of questionnaires. Corbin and Strauss method was used to analyze the qualitative data. Based on this method to analyze the qualitative data collected after the open coding stage, the causal conditions and central and intervening phenomena and background conditions are identified to finally provide a logical paradigm or an objective picture of the discussion. The results of the article show that creating a distinct mental image from other sometimes hostile countries in the minds of the neighbors and strengthening the border dispute management system are considered essential measures for the growth of communication.

Today's turbulent levels, the management of political, economic and military sectors can be established based on the will of the governments, but the issues of the cultural field are beyond the will of people. Accepted values, religion, worldview, language, literature and common ethnic ties that have dominated the hearts of people for years are not issues that have been achieved over several decades or centuries. The aim of the current research is to investigate the challenges of the diplomacy of the Islamic Republic of Iran in the relations between Fimabin and the Federal Government of Germany. Therefore, the cultural diplomacy of the Islamic Republic of Iran is based on the influence of the meaning and thought of the Islamic Revolution and the influence of the Quranic and Islamic teachings, based on the diplomatic language, which has become a full-fledged discourse by developing and deepening it. The de-escalation and improvement of relations with the West after the period of sacred defense strengthened the relations between Iran and Germany, but the start of the discussion on Iran's nuclear issue in 2003 created a new phase in the relations between the two countries.

Today, the growth and development of organizations and, in turn, the society and the country, depends on the correct use of human capital. Managers use several strategies to manage human resources, and among them; Human resource outsourcing. With the growth of outsourcing, it has become difficult to cover a greater number and wider variety of services. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of evaluating the management model of human resource outsourcing. Quantitative research method and data collection tool is researcher-made questionnaire. The statistical population of the research is the managers and experts of the central building of Iran Insurance in Tehran province, which are around 400 people. A simple random sampling method was chosen, and 196 people were considered as sample members by Morgan's table. The data obtained from the questionnaire were analyzed in two sections of descriptive and inferential statistics (structural equation modeling). According to the obtained indicators, it can be said that the research model has a suitable fit. The status of the variables was tested by one-sample t, and the results showed that the status of the variables of the organization's macro strategies and upstream laws is average, and the status of the variables of management support and cultural foundation is inappropriate. Also, the highest frequency was related to the variable of macro strategies of the organization, which shows the greater importance of this variable in the research model.

Based on the famous sentence "I saw nothing but beauty" in the sayings of Zainab (PBUH), Ashura contains a lot of tangible or visual, sensible, and logical beauty. In addition to the historical reports of this prominent event, many researchers have studied Ashura's political, social, cultural, and moral aspects. Generally, the political, social, cultural, and moral analysis was the essentiality of fighting against oppression, and these were the messages inferred from Ashura. This event has been one of the bitterest events throughout history. According to the reports, this event has been full of cruelty, tyranny, and bloodshed; however, a beautiful, pleasant, and very glorious truth lies behind its great grief and sorrows. This paper compares the visual beauty of Ashura with the sixth verse (beauty) of An-Nahl Surah (They are also pleasing to you when you bring them home and when you take them out to graze) following the fifth verse (And He created the cattle for you as a source of warmth, food, and many other benefits.) This exploratory and descriptive study aims to establish a connection between the events of Ashura and the Quran and extract and identify the tangible beauty or objective of Ashura’s day and night based on library tools, and first-hand historical and narrative books and resources. The results show that the visual beauty of Ashura includes two sections compared with the 6th verse (beauty) of An-Nahl Surah: The beauty in the events of Ashura night, and the beauty in the events of Ashura day.

The existence of risk and disruption in the supply chain cannot be hidden. One of the ways to reduce disruptions in the chain is to use technologies resulting from the fourth industrial revolution. Therefore, in this article, a model is presented that by using the equipment of the fourth industrial revolution in the design of the supply chain, in addition to reducing the disruptions of the chain, the costs of product design and transfer have also been minimized. Based on this, by implementing all three EO, MPA and SIF algorithms on the mathematical model, it was found that the SIF algorithm performed better than the MPA algorithm by 4.91% and 6.632% compared to the EO algorithm and was able to reduce the cost of the chain by more, reduce Also, the results showed that the change in the parameters of the deployment centers of the second level distribution centers for foreign customers has the most impact on the design costs of the chain. The existence of risk and disruption in the supply chain cannot be hidden. One of the ways to reduce disruptions in the chain is to use technologies resulting from the fourth industrial revolution. Therefore, in this article, a model is presented that by using the equipment of the fourth industrial revolution in the design of the supply chain, in addition to reducing the disruptions of the chain, the costs of product design and transfer have also been minimized.

According to the law of criminal procedure, judicial authorities should deal with the matter as soon as possible and avoid any action that prolongs the proceedings. Today, there is a general rule and principle in proceedings and it is said that it is accepted by international documents and it is conventional and reasonable, and this rule and principle is that the process of proceedings should be carried out in a reasonable and conventional period of time, which has a favorable effect. and guarantee the rights of each party. It is also believed that the delay in the implementation of justice is considered a form of injustice. On the other hand, today we are talking about economic proceedings, and in this type of proceedings, it is desired to have the lowest cost. One of the significant costs in the proceedings is the cost and financial burden of the proceedings, and the other is the cost of the proceedings. In many cases, time is considered as the most important and fundamental issue and factor and can be evaluated. In other words, the benefit of the proceedings and its effectiveness and efficiency is in the speed of the proceedings. One of the issues that is effective and significant in prolonging the criminal proceedings is the issue of absentee proceedings. In this article, the existing laws in this field and the effective factors in the prolongation of the judicial process regarding absentee proceedings are examined and this issue is examined. An important issue that is considered and investigated in this research is that by examining the issue in jurisprudence and the existing laws and the previous laws and comparing them, are the existing laws in the current situation regarding absentee proceedings in criminal matters effective in prolonging the judicial process and the role of They have and cause the time of criminal proceedings to be extended and prolonged, which is one of the reasons for the delay of the proceedings, and as a result, it causes a delay in the execution of justice and each of the parties attaining their legal rights.

The purpose of this research is typology, life cycle and functional identity of families living in Arak city in 1400 from the perspective of married women. The main problem of the research is what are the different types of family species in Arak city? At each stage of the life cycle, what is the level of family functions? And what is the amount of family functions in family types? The theories of Shelsky, Parsons, Duvall and Giddens are used in this research. The survey research method and data collection tool is a questionnaire. The statistical population of the research is all married women in Arak city, and 404 people have been selected as a sample using Cochran sampling. And in this research, one-way analysis of variance test was used to check the hypotheses. According to the obtained results, four types of families were identified in Arak city, including: the first type: stable traditional, the second type: stable modern, the third type: unstable traditional and the fourth type: unstable modern. that the difference of variables among different species of the family was investigated.The results of the research show that the variables of family importance and cohesion, separation of family roles, gender equality (feminine and male family), family crisis management are different among different types of families. According to the results of the averages, the people who have the most importance and cohesion of the family, the functional identity of the family,

Saffron is one of the important products in South Khorasan province, which plays a major role in earning income and ensuring the livelihood of farmers in the region. The main purpose of the current research is to investigate the role of the saffron business cluster in rural development in South Khorasan province. This research was conducted in the period of 2018-2019 and the statistical population consisted of 987 managers, assistants and marketers of saffron processing workshops and sales centers in South Khorasan province. The results of data analysis indicate that economic and social factors had a positive effect on the level of development at the confidence level of 0.95. On the other hand, in the economic variable, the item "commercialization of saffron product" is the first priority, and the item "transportation, packaging, marketing costs of saffron product" is the last priority, and also in the variable of social factors, the item is "innovation motivation for saffron product producers". In the first priority and the item "investment risk for saffron product" is in the last priority. Therefore, it is possible to propose the commercialization of saffron product with a leading brand, the creation of a coherent network from the village to the market, financial and credit support of the government, facilities with low bank loan rates to farmers and saffron workshops, and the creation of rural development policies.

Phenomenology became basis for paying attention to sensory perceptions and human dimensions of space by promoting the qualitative originality of space and allowing the emergence of phenomena. Our aim is to analyze the pattern of the Iranian historical house from this view and phenomenology. also, the present study tries to explain the role of sensory perceptions in the realization and realization of the quality of living in the mentioned spaces. In order to achieve this, first the philosophical framework of phenomenology and theorists of this school were explained in detail, which in the qualitative model with the model summarized from the framework. Phenomenological philosophy tries to recognize and explain the components and effective factors in realizing the quality of habitation and perceptions.The results of quantitative and descriptive statistics shows the audience in such historical houses is always in a noticeable fluidity in space. Most of the main shifts in such spaces are accompanied by the failure of the horizontal axis and movement in the oblique and vertical axes. It causes the spatial fluidity of the relationship between subject and object, and also in line with this spatial fluidity, the audience's one-sensory perception of space becomes a multi-sensory perception, results show that the audience experiences a full and deep perceptual perception in such spaces. All these factors create a multidimensional and complete presence in space and provide a dialogue between the subject and the object

In the past few decades, Iran has faced a severe water crisis. The Hirmand river basin, which extends from the southwest of Afghanistan to the east of Iran, has been the site of successive conflicts between the two countries for nearly a century, but these tensions have subsided in recent years following the spread of the water crisis in Iran and the construction of a dam in Upstream Afghanistan has become more prominent. As a country that is located in the downstream part of many of its important river basins, Iran's relations with its upstream neighbors, including Afghanistan, play an important role in access to water. Iran and Afghanistan have two common river basins, the Harirud river basin and the Hirmand river basin. The Hirmand river basin is the only transboundary river basin of Afghanistan and Iran, whose official agreement is the Hirmand River Treaty of 1973. In this way, in our opinion, the leading study is an interesting case to examine the water relations between Iran and Afghanistan. Our research indicates that transboundary water resources in the Hirmand river basin have been politicized and even security by Iran, no study has investigated how Iranian government officials have considered water as a political and security issue. This study suggests that spatial scale, water scarcity, and socio-political context are important factors shaping security in Hirmand river basin.

Urban identity is a set of values ​​that encompasses various cultural, economic, or political terms and sets one city apart. Meanwhile, architecture and urban planning have a very important role in preserving the identity and culture of a society. In Iran, with the arrival of modernity in the country, in the city of Tabriz, regardless of identity - culture, affected the architecture of Tabriz caused anonymity In the city and contemporary housing in the city of Tabriz. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of changing the foundations of thought in the disintegration of contemporary housing identity in Tabriz. The present research is a descriptive-analytical survey. The statistical population includes all experts, professors specializing in this field, the sample size is equal to 12 experts and professors. A reliability of 0.585 was obtained. Structural equation method was used to analyze the data, which was first analyzed through SPSS software and then through Smart PLS software and AMOS software was used to explain the final model. The results show that the greatest impact on the disintegration of contemporary housing identity in terms changing the foundations thought, forgetting and extensive destruction of everything related to the past with a general load of 0.92 and producing index samples in the greenhouse conditions of thought with a factor load. 0.20 had the least impact. Therefore, there is a direct relationship between ideological transformation and the rupture of architectural identity in the contemporary housing of Valiasr in Tabriz.

The main question of the current research is how to explain the adherence of Turkey and Saudi Arabia to global norms? Whenever there is a gap between the absolute norms of human rights and the actions of the government, a kind of social pressure is created for countries to comply. If global norms of human rights are considered as conditions for membership in a specific group or community of governments or as preconditions for strengthening and promoting relations between countries, then the social pressure will be much greater. In this study, the authors found out by using the descriptive-analytical method that both countries are under pressure from the international community to fully adhere to these norms due to the absolute nature of human rights norms. Turkey feels a double obligation to adhere to human rights norms both in the sense that adherence to human rights norms is a condition for membership in the European Union and from the perspective of the condition of improving relations. Saudi Arabia also feels significant pressure to adhere to human rights norms from the point of view of improving relations. Due to such social pressures, both countries have taken measures to strengthen adherence to human rights norms.

Secret stories are an important and influential part of Avicenna's thought. Works that left a deep impact on philosophy, mysticism and Islamic art in later periods due to the different way of expression, the use of story and narrative, the use of code and the introduction of the element of fantasy. These works were also interpreted by many thinkers. Interpretations and interpretations that have examined each of these works from a special point of view. But despite the attention and different reviews about these works, their artistic aspect and stories have always been neglected. Something that could define important parts of Avicenna's thought for us and lead to the clarification of different dimensions of his thought. Along this path, of course, it has been subject to the acceptance of secret stories as works of art, which has rarely happened until now. Now, the main question is whether Ramzi stories can be considered works of art? And if the answer is yes, what are the reasons to consider these works as works of art? And if these works are works of art, what effect will they have on our understanding of Avicenna's thought? The issue that forms the main basis of this article.

Dealing with damage claims is very important both in Iranian law, which is a combination of Islamic law and Shiite jurisprudence, and in American law as a subset of the common law legal system, and it also follows certain principles. In this research, which is prepared and organized in a descriptive and analytical method, while examining the topic of damage, types of damage, including material and moral damage, and of course addressing the methods of compensation in Iranian and American law, according to the main question of the research that What are the principles of damage claims in the Iranian and American legal systems? These principles have been discussed. The findings and results of the research show that in domestic law, there are principles such as the right to file a lawsuit, the principle of acquittal, the right to have an independent lawyer, the right to challenge opinions, the right to be heard within a reasonable time, the basic principle of compliance, the public nature of proceedings, the principle of equality of evidence. And the principle of the obligation of the judge to state the argument has been mentioned, and in American law, the principle of the independence of the court in dealing with damage claims, the independence of the judge's opinion from the expert's point of view, the principle of the right to a fair trial, the openness of the proceedings and the presence of the jury have been mentioned. has taken.

Monotheism, Prophethood and Resurrection as the principles of Islamic religion contain high themes in many fields, which hide the guidance and "management" of man and the Islamic society with the aim of realizing his happiness and salvation. In other words, it can be said that what is called "management" in the human sciences today is related to the familiar concept of "human guidance" in the realm of Islam, and from this point of view, "Islamic management" is explained. In Islamic countries, according to Islamic rules and Sharia, Islamic management is an integral part of these societies. Therefore, the necessity of raising this issue and paying attention to Islamic management in Islamic government and examining the concepts and definitions of this type of management is a necessary and important issue. On the importance of Islamic management, the present research has focused on the design of the optimal management typology model from the point of view of management thinkers using a descriptive and analytical method. Based on the findings of the research, it was determined that the mission of management in Islam was the exaltation of man and production (based on the principle of central justice) and Optimal management based on the divine values of Islam has provided the grounds for human and organizational excellence.

This research was conducted with the aim of designing a conceptual model of teaching and learning with an Islamic approach in the educational centers of Alborz University of Applied Sciences. The present research has an applied purpose and is of the type of mixed designs (qualitative-quantitative). The statistical population in this research is all specialists, professors and students in the educational centers of Alborz Comprehensive Scientific-Applied University and the research sample in the qualitative part includes 15 professors and specialists of the said university who were selected by the purposeful snowball sampling method (sampling up to the saturation stage) An opinion was made on the collected data) and the statistical population of the quantitative section included 1095 teachers and 12595 students, 295 teachers and 393 students were selected by simple random sampling. The research tool in the qualitative part included a semi-structured interview and in the quantitative part a researcher-made questionnaire. Formal validity and reliability were also obtained with Cronbach's alpha. To analyze and analyze the data in the qualitative part using foundational data theory and open, central and selective coding and categorization and in the quantitative part with descriptive statistics tests, path analysis test and fit test were done. The findings showed that design skills before teaching - skills during teaching - time management skills - communication skills - research skills - practical lesson planning skills - adherence to Islamic professional ethics - post-teaching skills are part of the dimensions of the teaching model and Learning with the Islamic

Meaning therapy or logotherapy is treatment through meaning or healing through meaning. Logotherapy is derived from the Greek word logos meaning spirit, god or meaning. This theory is the opposite of Freud's belief that the will is directed towards pleasure. Logotherapy says that the will is oriented towards meaning and the source of all human desires is meaning. Life has an unconditional meaning and anyone can see and discover this meaning anytime and anywhere. You have to find the meaning, sometimes you can find the meaning with experiential values (experience of something or someone). Experiences can be aesthetic experiences such as experiencing a work of art and observing the wonders of nature and love for other people. Research questions 1- What are the common points of Attar's ontological perspective in theology? 2- How can an independent model of meaning therapy be formulated based on Attar's poems? Research hypotheses 1_ Theology and meaning therapy lie in the structure of Attar's poems. The main axis is therapeutic meaning. The research method, the method used in this research, is a theoretical research method and it is written in a descriptive and analytical way and using library resources. The results of reflection on Attar's theology show that three concepts or orders of God can be deduced from his thought. These concepts include the impersonal and imp

The selection of landfills for cities has been one of the most important issues in urban management in the middle and last decades of the twentieth century. This research has been carried out with the aim of locating the landfill of non-hazardous waste in Meybod city using multi-criteria decision modeling in GIS environment. In this study, 10 important factors for locating landfills such as: land use, slope of the area, altitude, distance from residential use, soil of the area, distance from roads, distance from rivers, distance from springs, distance from wells and wells We used the distance from the villages and used the AHP model to prepare the final zoning map. According to the results obtained from the multi-criteria hierarchical analysis method with Expert Choise software, weight of land use criteria, area slope, area height, distance from residential use, area soil, distance from roads, distance from rivers, distance from Springs, distance from wells, distance from villages for the study area 165, 0, 041, 0, 033, 0, 217, 0, 083, 0, 146, 0, 066, 0, 07, 0, 049, respectively , 0, 128 and 0 were obtained. In this area, the criterion of distance from residential areas has the highest weight and the criterion of slope has the least impact on the location of landfills according to experts. Examining the final zoning map, it has been observed that completely suitable landfills in Meybod, eastern margin of the study area are located in this model.

According to the principles of the constitution, the Guardian Council is responsible for safeguarding the principles of Sharia and the constitution in the formulation of ordinary laws. On the other hand, this council is responsible for guaranteeing individual rights and freedoms in line with the protection of citizen's rights contained in the constitution, and in this regard, according to article 98 of the constitution, it is also responsible for interpreting the constitution, in one case, the council's interpretation of election supervision, to electoral supervision; It created challenges from critics about limiting the freedom of citizens. In this regard, the main question that the current research seeks to answer is: What is the role of the Guardian Council in guaranteeing and securing the freedoms of citizens by emphasizing its opinions and performance? The findings of the research show that although the interpretations and consequently the performance and restrictions applied by Shuri are based on the constitution, but in practice some interpretations are narrow compared to broad interpretations as well as restrictive functions especially regarding elections. It can be tasteful and limit the freedoms and rights stipulated in the constitution for citizens. The research method of this article is descriptive-analytical and information collection is done in library form.

One of the important and influential causes on the concept and interpretation of the Cairo Authority is technical and engineering advances, so the contents of this research on the impact of technical and engineering advances on the legal interpretation of the Cairo Authority in the legal system of Iran and the United States have been centered around answering this concern. What are the legal effects of changing the examples and concepts related to force majeure due to the advancement of technical engineering technologies. The findings and results of the research indicate that technical and engineering developments can be used as evidence in proceedings and facilitate new and new evidence in proceedings and proof of claims, and can change our interpretation of force majeure conditions and conditions that before the realization of difficult, unpredictable and unsustainable technical and engineering developments, make it easy, predictable and survivable and fundamentally change the nature of force majeure, as well as the results show that both in American law and in Iranian law, with Paying attention to the effects of technical and engineering developments, it is possible to save contracts and obligations from the abyss of invalidity, liquidation and termination.

Undoubtedly, every common sense dictates that anyone who causes harm to another under any name and under any circumstances must compensate the harm caused to the harmed person in accordance with the governing principles regarding civil responsibility and support for the harmed person, except in cases where the harm is caused. to another according to the law, or the damage done to the person appears illegal and unusual. On the other hand, any damage caused by civil liability will not be claimable, but the nature of its claimability is conditional on the existence of the conditions that the law-makers of the studied legal systems have examined in various subjects. On the other hand, taking into account that the occurrence of harmful events for humans is inevitable; Therefore, human beings have always sought to establish rules based on which to impose responsibility on the person who played the biggest role in the harmful incident. Therefore, the whole mission of civil responsibility is to identify such rules. Therefore, the purpose of the current research is to examine the conditions of loss in the civil liability of Iran, England, the European principles of civil liability law and the American civil liability statements; And the question raised about each of the laws will be relative to the issue of harm. The research method in this research is descriptive-analytical, and the findings show that there are similarities in some cases and differences in some cases in discussing the conditions of loss in each

The issue of development is one of the issues that is discussed not only in the field of sociology of development, but also in many areas of sociology in particular and social sciences in general. For this purpose, in this research, the obstacles to the development of industries in Ilam province and its sociological study were investigated in order to strengthen the platform and introduce the capacity and capabilities of the province to the country. For this purpose, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 18 experts and informants. The exploratory concepts resulting from these interviews were based on the nature and related concepts of 124 open codes, after which the researcher reached saturation and the interviews ended. In the following, MaxQda 2018 software was used to perform the central categorization and the main categorization, and finally 124 open codes, 39 central codes, and 20 selective codes were obtained, which are categorized as causal factors, interventionists, consequences, The strategies were put in context. After identifying the codes, CVR and CVI were used to check the validity of the obtained qualitative codes. Finally, after proving the validity of the qualitative codes, a questionnaire of 100 questions was designed and distributed among 140 experts and industrial owners. After extracting the codes and categorizing them, the calculated concepts were divided into six elements (causal conditions, central phenomenon, strategies, consequences, intervention conditions and background conditions). According to the results of this research and based on the key categories extracted from the coding, we can consider

The average annual rainfall of the country is less than one third of the global average and is severely limited in terms of water resources, so improving water use efficiency in the agricultural sector, especially in arid and semi-arid regions of the country is of particular importance. The present study was conducted to investigate the change of surface irrigation system to subsurface irrigation on fertile pistachio trees in Kerman. The design is done in complete random blocks in factorial format with 4 treatments of flood irrigation (), full surface irrigation (), subsurface irrigation at 75% full irrigation () and subsurface irrigation at 50% full irrigation () Took. Qualitative and quantitative parameters related to pistachio trees were evaluated and the results showed that the highest amount of wet and dry crop was related to treatment (but this amount was not significantly different in both parameters with treatment). It was given that the highest number of seeds per ounce was related to flood irrigation treatment, while the highest decrease in the percentage of porosity was related to subsurface irrigation treatment (maximum smile percentage was related to treatment) (but this difference with other treatments In this study, it was shown that flood irrigation of pistachio trees can be changed to subsurface irrigation and the amount of irrigation water can be reduced by up to 25%, which in addition to reducing the amount of irrigation water consumption, also increases water use efficiency It will be given.

The aim of the research is to investigate the sociological implementation of resistance economy policies in the Islamic Republic of Iran between 1400-1392. The current research has been conducted using a qualitative method and the general approach of the research is developmental and inductive-inductive, and in terms of strategy, it is a survey. The intended statistical population consists of former and current sociology and economics professors and experts as well as experts. In the main phase of the qualitative research, which uses the focus group method, at first 6 experts were involved in the focus group discussion, but because sufficient concepts were not extracted based on the opinions of the experts, for this purpose, the number of interviewees gradually increased to achieve theoretical saturation. 10 people increased. The sampling method is the selection of a research sample in qualitative researches of a non-probability and purposeful type, and it is a chain or snowball sampling method in the identification and selection of key experts. The results of the analysis of the interview questions with experts using MAXQDA software show that out of the 235 indicators (items) available, 3 main components and 11 sub-components and as described above are the consequences of the revision (creating security and economic stability, resistance in against sanctions, job security, encouraging Islamic lifestyle); The role of governments (increasing the job security of the workforce, creating security and economic stability, strengthening the spirit of resistance against sanctions, encouraging people to adopt an Islamic lifestyle)

The current research was conducted with the aim of designing and explaining the human resource agility model in the Ports and Maritime Organization of the Islamic Republic of Iran. The type of research is developmental in terms of purpose and practical in terms of results, and it is qualitative and quantitative in terms of the type of data. The statistical population of the research in the qualitative part included 15 scientific experts and experts in the field of human resources management and managers of the Ports and Maritime Organization of the Islamic Republic of Iran, who were selected by a non-probability, judgmental and purposeful sampling method, and in the quantitative part, it included all employees. There were 1404 people in Iranian Ports and Maritime Organization with master's and doctorate degrees, according to Cochran's formula, the sample size was determined to be 302 people and they were selected using stratified random sampling. The data collection tools in the qualitative part included semi-structured interviews, and in the quantitative part, researcher-made questionnaires. The validity of the interviews was confirmed through retesting, and the content validity of the quantitative part of the questionnaire was also confirmed by experts. The method of data analysis in the qualitative part included theme analysis and in the quantitative part structural equation modeling in order to validate the model. The findings of the research indicate the identification of the human resources agility model in the form of human resources agility drivers, human resources agility operational components, human resources agility

This article examines the reflection of socio-political conditions and the Islamic lifestyle of Tunisian and Iranian Muslims in the poems of Abolqasem al-Shabi and Mirzadeh Eshghi. For this purpose, the socio-political conditions of the era of these two poets are explained first, and then the commonalities and differences of the socio-political themes of their poems are presented (separately and by mentioning the names of the poems in which the aforementioned themes are used). It is worth mentioning that this research is divided into the category of basic theoretical research and the data has been analyzed based on the American school and through qualitative analysis. On the other hand, the typology of the styles of the written works of traditional lifestyle studies, the written works of lifestyle studies with different bases and tendencies of thinkers have also created different styles, and the introduction of these styles is a discovery of these different bases and tendencies. For example, some elders have come to these topics with the tendency to express the practical life of the innocents (PBUH). (Allameh Tabataba'i in Sunan al-Nabi) and some scholars have placed their works in the same hadith communities. they said. (Tabarsi in Makaram al-Akhlaq and Faiz Kashani in Mahjah al-Bayda) that each of these is in accordance with the foundations of thought and tendencies.

Currently, more than 56% of the world's people (4.4 billion people) live in urban areas, this majority is facing many economic problems in cities. One of the consequences of the lack of proper economic planning in cities is the creation of informal employment in cities. Hawking is one of the false and informal jobs that have arisen with the expansion of urbanization and the increase in the attractions of urbanization. In this theoretical research, by studying the records of research in the field of informal occupation and economy and city market, a connection has been established between peddling and environmental and physical quality of urban livability. In this research, information and materials were prepared through library studies, and the main method of research is combining theories in the field of economics, and concepts such as livability, environmental and physical quality, and informal jobs, especially peddling. One of the main results of this research is the unequivocal negative impact of informal businesses, especially peddling, on the physical and environmental quality of urban livability. In order to reduce this negative impact, moving towards cooperative views in the market is one of the appropriate treatment methods for cities.

China is considered as a powerful country in the international system and an active member in changing international scenarios. On the other hand, this country, as an active actor in the water area of East Asia, is seeking to stabilize its strategic position in providing regional security in the water and sea area, relying on its own capabilities. Focusing on the South China Sea and the presence of energy resources, this water area has a special geostrategic position that can be of interest to other world powers. The South China Sea is a semi-enclosed sea between the countries of China (Taiwan), Vietnam, the Philippines, Malaysia and Brunei. The waters of this closed sea have always been the source of disputes for the neighboring countries. The current research is based on the analysis of the factors affecting China's geostrategic perception in the South China Sea.The result of the present research indicates that due to the importance and important geostrategic and geoeconomic position of the South China Sea and the historical competition and conflict between different countries, regional conditions and developments are progressing in a way that leads to a multilateralism approach and an emphasis on peripheral diplomacy And by removing the perception of threat from China, it provides the ground for the realization of regional stability with the approach of economic interaction and preventing the emergence of geopolitical challenges in the South China Sea.

Place branding is complex because of its special nature, diverse users' needs, the highly competitive atmosphere, and its ability to influence regional and national priorities. The purpose of this study was to design a place branding model for the development of sport and recreational tourism in northern Iran. For this purpose, 27 academic experts in the fields of sports management, tourism and branding, managers of sports and recreation mega- projects, marketing and economic managers of these projects, consultants for the design and operation of these projects, managers of the tourism and sport and youth organization and from Caspian Sea provinces were selected as the research sample. Grounded theory method (a qualitative form) was used to collect and analyze data. In this way, the systematic approach to theorizing is carried out in three stages: 1) open coding phase, 2) axial coding phase and 3) selectable coding phase. The model was also designed according to the Strauss and Corbin model in 6 sections which include: 1) Causal Conditions, 2) Context, 3) Barriers, 4) Facilitators, 5) Strategies and 6) Consequences. The overall result of the research showed that this model can be used to evaluate and measure sports and recreational mega projects for the development of sport tourism in different regions.

Karl Popper is undoubtedly one of the most influential philosophers of science of the 20th century. As far as it can be said, the philosophy of science in the 20th century has been tied to arguments. Presenting a coherent and defensible theory about the methodology of science - as one of the most important cultural achievements of mankind - was one of Popper's most important research programs. This article explains Popper's attempts to criticize the logical positivist. After referring to the point of view of logical positivists, it is pointed out two important objections that Popper puts on this point of view: the problem of induction and the theory of the burden of observation; And thus, Popper challenges the theoretical foundations of logical positivism. After that, the author points to falsificationism as Popper's suitable solution for abandoning logical positivism, and by providing suitable explanations, he clarifies how Popper's falsificationism is a problem for positivism in his new scientific theory. It makes sense. Although this theory brings insights, but while referring to the criticisms of it, it is shown that falsificationism also faces serious weaknesses and could not reasonably observe the flaws related to the theory of observation and Eliminate induction.

This research is based on exploratory factor analysis to discover the relationships between variables from the Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) method using Smart-PLS3 structural software, in order to investigate the effect of gender philosophies and thoughts from the aspect of morphology in architecture and space creation. explain The results of this research show that among the gender indicators, the degree of conformity of people's expectations with the environment is firstly effective for the formation of the environment, and in the next degrees, the degree of recognition and separation of details by individuals, the degree of effectiveness and efficiency of listening activity, The degree of creating conditions of compatibility with the environment, creating an understanding of the mental visualization of the environment in people, arousing the sense of environmental aesthetics in people, arousing the emotions of people in the environment, the degree of influence in visual activities are effective for the formation of the body of architecture. Among the morphological indicators of the environment, colors and their combinations play the first role in the formation of the environment, and in the next degrees, the extent and brightness of the space, finding paths and understanding the space, adapting to the behavior patterns from the environment, their forms and combinations. , creating a suitable location, architectural arrangement, plan and map are effective for the formation of the architectural body. Among the physical characteristics, what makes the cultural background plays the first role in the formation of the environment.

The cities are the most dynamic and important units of the country. Cities play a key role in human development. With the continuous development of the urban population, the needs are increasing. With the expansion of cities and the creation of megacities, there are various types of problems among them that can require management, resources, resources, air, concern. Human health, traffic and wear and tear of infrastructure points to urban governance the research design is descriptive-analytical and practical in terms of purpose, and the research data were collected using a researcher-made questionnaire and analyzed in spss-24 software. In this research, two-stage random cluster sampling. was used and the sample size was 422 people. First, four districts of Bandar Abbas municipality were considered as four main clusters and five districts were selected from among them the results of the analysis using single-group t-test showed that the dimensions of smart city governance arrangements (technology, cooperation and participation, decision-making, managing electronic affairs, internal and external coordination, capacity for creativity and innovation) are lower than the desired average. are. located. Also, the results of the Kruskal-Wallis test showed that in the index of cooperation and participation, the special region (Azam Prophet) had the highest average rank and region one (Region 2) had the lowest average rank (p<0.05). Also, in the electronic affairs administration index, region two (region 2) had the highest average rank and region three (region 3) had the lowest average rank (p<0.01).

Pirates are known as common criminals. Due to the evolution in the concept of piracy, the form and new tactics of piracy, accuracy in the legal mechanisms for their trial is essential. In addition to the independent responsibility of countries, their joint cooperation to deal with piracy is also important. In the current conditions, there must be an interaction between domestic legal systems and international law to prosecute pirates. As long as this alignment and real will does not take place in the trial of such people, it will not be possible to achieve the right in practice and logically. In this descriptive research, which was conducted with the aim of investigating new methods of dealing with piracy in the international law system and Iranian law, information was collected and discussed through scientific findings, authentic documents and new ideas. The obtained results showed that despite the criminalization of piracy, the regulations of the international community have been inefficient not only in terms of rule-making but also in terms of regime-making and implementation due to conflict of interests and problems in the definition of piracy crimes. In this research, the laws of international law and Iran's law to fight against piracy were discussed to explain the international legal obligations of governments regarding the crime of piracy and to help fill the existing research gap in this regard.

To the same extent that today investment contracts have developed and increased their complexity, the differences in different contractual levels have increased to the same extent. Therefore, in providing an effective and efficient solution to resolve disputes in the investment field, approaches and methods should be considered that are based on the subject of the contract and the field of dispute on the one hand and the position of jurisdiction that has created and explains the procedure. Considered tools.This study shows that institutions and arbitration centers dealing with the settlement of investment disputes have been able to create a conventional approach and procedure in the international arena by solving numerous cases with arbitration procedures in the global arena.In other words, the methods of proceedings in different authorities in international arbitration are different and each of them has its own special methods and initiatives, which in case of domestic laws are not coordinated with them, one of the factors of encouraging and persuading investment is weakened.

Production of science in today's world, multicultural societies exist widely. One of the most important issues of such societies is how they should deal with the phenomenon of their multiculturalism. The reason for the existence of such a problem is that in many cases one of the existing cultures in this society prevails over other cultures and the cultures kept in the minority engage in various types of behaviors and actions to eliminate themselves, which may even endanger the security of such a country. throw Iran is also known as a multicultural country and it is necessary to pay attention to the interaction between these cultures. In this research, the researchers seek to investigate how the social functions of religion affect cultural adaptation. This issue can be raised because, on the one hand, Iran's society is a religious society, and on the other hand, the existence of different ethnic groups and cultures necessitates the need to create cultural compatibility. In this research, after examining the functional view of religion based on the opinions of sociologists such as Durkheim, Simmel, Berger, etc., the theoretical views related to compatibility have been examined. In total, variables such as social cohesion, identity, legitimacy, social control and religious social relations were selected as the functions of religion, and normative, willing, compulsory and habitual variables are the main variables of cultural adaptation. This research was carried out with a survey method and a researcher-made questionnaire as a tool for collecting information and in areas with immigrant

The purpose of the research is to investigate the impact of open innovation dimensions on the competitive advantage of electronic services in branches of Agricultural Bank of Shiraz. The statistical population of the research includes all customers; The employees and managers of the Bank of Agriculture branches were Shiraz. Based on the Morgan table and the unlimited statistical population, 384 people have been selected as the research sample. The data has been collected through a questionnaire in the form of 11 dimensions and 76 questions in this research. Research hypotheses were tested using smart.PLS software. The results showed that the model based on 11 categories including bank marketing, electronic banking, market search, human aspects of innovation, bank performance, organizational factors, bank technology, bank users and customers, bank external environment, bank competitive advantage and service innovation, has credibility and The relationships between the variables have been significant.The purpose of the research is to investigate the impact of open innovation dimensions on the competitive advantage of electronic services in branches of Agricultural Bank of Shiraz. The statistical population of the research includes all customers; The employees and managers of the Bank of Agriculture branches were Shiraz. Based on the Morgan table and the unlimited statistical population, 384 people have been selected as the research sample. The data has been collected through a questionnaire in the form of 11 dimensions and 76 questions in this research. Research hypotheses were tested using smart.PLS software. The results showed that the model based on 11 categories

The construction industry is undergoing a paradigm shift towards shared services as a means to improve efficiency, reduce costs and promote sustainability. This study examines the acceptance, perceptions and effects of shared services in the construction industry in Iran. Using a mixed method, data were collected from 150 construction professionals through surveys and interviews. This study examines awareness, attitudes, usage patterns, and perceived benefits and challenges of shared services. Findings show a moderate level of awareness and positive perceptions of shared services, with cost savings, increased efficiency and improved productivity as key benefits. However, challenges such as resistance to change and technical barriers hinder the widespread adoption of shared services. This study also examines the impact of shared services on productivity, efficiency, costs, financial management and environmental sustainability. Statistical analysis and qualitative insights illuminate significant improvements in productivity and efficiency attributed to shared services, along with significant cost reductions and environmental benefits. Based on the findings, recommendations are made to increase awareness, promote collaboration, address technological barriers, improve regulatory support, and assess environmental and social impacts. This study contributes to the growing research on shared services in the construction industry and provides insights and guidance for practitioners, policymakers, and researchers seeking to use shared services to increase efficiency and

Franchise contract becomes one of the most important business development tools in today's era. This contract is a business agreement in which the owner of a particular trademark, business method or product (franchisor) allows another person or company (franchisee) to use this trademark, method or product. own business. set up and run. On the other hand, the franchisee is obliged to pay a fee as a royalty and comply with the conditions set by the franchisor. The effects of the franchise contract are very diverse and affect various aspects of the business. Among these works, the following can be mentioned: Franchising allows the franchisor to expand his sales network quickly and at the lowest cost and penetrate new markets, and the franchisee uses a well-known brand and acquisition method. And the proven work reduces the failure of your business. The franchisor and franchisees work together to create a strong and integrated network that benefits all parties. One of the important features of the franchise agreement is to create uniformity in products and services. which is provided by franchisees. This helps strengthen the brand and increase customer satisfaction. Franchise agreements may impose restrictions on the franchisee, such as the selection of products and services, pricing, and marketing methods.