مجله مطالعات دینی رسانه
پیاپی 22 (تابستان 1403)

With the emergence of social media, which has led to the application of Web 2.0 constructs in media, the manner of using these media and the user-generated content has become a significant concern for societies. Utilizing potentials and avoiding harms necessitates the establishment and application of a concept known as social media literacy. The aim of this research is to explore the concepts, dimensions, and models of social media literacy. 

In this study, social literacy and social media literacy are first examined. Then, all models of social media literacy identified and analyzed over the past two decades are discussed, utilizing two practical and valid models, SoMeLit and SMILE, for precise conceptualization of social media literacy.  

The findings indicate that in the last two decades, social media literacy models have included the integrated multidimensional model of Faf and Rüdiger, the SDT autonomy model, the skill and process-oriented model of Festl, the CSML and PSML models of Tamplin, the SoMeLit model, the SMILE model, and the Habz model, which have been created and employed to describe the static structure and dynamic process of social media literacy. 

Social media literacy models seek to create skills for decoding, evaluating, and establishing communication in the realms of representation and interaction by examining cognitive and emotional structures through various approaches, affirming their role in selecting and engaging with social media content.

The aim of this article is to examine and measure the position of religion and its relationship with artificial intelligence within the framework of new media, and to investigate the connection between the potential capacities of religion and artificial intelligence technology in new media contexts.

This article adopts a research approach and is conducted using documentary-library methods and descriptive-analytical techniques.

Today, internet platforms, AI-based algorithms, and various religious sources such as sacred texts, sermons, and worship materials activate according to individual preferences and beliefs. Technologies like virtual reality (metaverse) enable individuals to participate in virtual pilgrimages, religious ceremonies, and public worship, creating a new environment for the utilization of new media sciences in service of religious followers in the digital age.

The relationship between the position of religion and artificial intelligence in the context of new media can lead to a healthy and fruitful use for followers and those concerned with the fields of religion and media. Additionally, defined artificial intelligence in various media tools can be utilized for various religious practices and rituals. It is essential to leverage new opportunities in today's world to enhance the position of religion and to confront challenges in a correct, specialized, and scientific manner.

The aim of this article is to clarify, describe, and analyze the concepts associated with the two discourses of "media education" and "educational media" as two discourses related to policy-making in the educational system on one hand, and to infer the implications of each of these discourses in pedagogy on the other. Ultimately, it seeks to explain the role of technology as a mediator and its impact on the application, convergence, and alignment of these two discourses in educational policymaking.

This article employs conceptual analysis, conceptual renewal, critical discourse analysis, and inference of implications.

The findings indicate that technology, as a mediator with integrative functions, can create a type of convergence and alignment between the discourses of media education and educational media. This allows educational policymakers to consider the requirements and necessities of both discourses simultaneously in their policymaking practices. Furthermore, policymakers must not overlook the vital role of technology as a mediator in educational policies.

Spiritual health is one of the dimensions of health, and pilgrimage is a spiritual practice. Elderly individuals, particularly those residing in nursing homes, are often unable to perform pilgrimages due to balance and mobility disorders, environmental safety issues, and travel risks. Therefore, virtual reality technology can bring the pilgrimage site to them. With this technology, a three-dimensional representation of the pilgrimage site is created through special glasses, allowing the elderly to view different angles of the site by moving their heads. This study aimed to investigate the impact of virtual pilgrimage on the spiritual health of elderly residents in the Khahrizak nursing home in Alborz province.

This Semi-experimental study was conducted at the Khahrizak nursing home. Fifty elderly individuals were selected for the intervention group and fifty for the control group. Initially, a pre-test for spiritual health was conducted in both groups. Then, in the intervention group, a virtual pilgrimage to Karbala was conducted over four sessions lasting ten minutes each within one month. Finally, a post-test for spiritual health was administered to both groups. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 16. Chi-square tests were used to examine differences in demographic variables between the intervention and control groups, while independent t-tests and paired t-tests were used for normally distributed data.

Results indicated that spiritual health significantly increased in the intervention group after the intervention. There was no difference in mean spiritual health between the two groups before the intervention; however, after conducting the virtual pilgrimage, this difference became significant.

Virtual pilgrimage is effective in enhancing the spiritual health of elderly residents in nursing homes. Given the high prevalence of mobility disorders among the elderly and the risks associated with physical pilgrimages, virtual pilgrimage can serve as an alternative to actual pilgrimage.

This article, titled "The Future of Media Management in Light of the Impact of Artificial Intelligence and New Media on Religion," has been written to address a novel topic. Given the significant advancements in the field of artificial intelligence and new media technologies, the role and impact of these two factors on religion and media management are of high importance. This research aims to achieve effective and useful results for individuals and organizations involved in media management by addressing the mentioned issues.Research

The research employs a qualitative method using future scenario writing to explore the impact of artificial intelligence and new media on religion and the future of media management. Discussing its challenges will also assist media managers in finding the best strategies for utilizing artificial intelligence and new media in media management, thereby contributing to knowledge development in this area.

Based on the findings, with the rapid and increasing growth of technology in the near future, it seems we will witness an interdependence and influence among media. In other words, we will observe the impact and utilization of this technology (artificial intelligence) in most information sources and communication channels for transmitting various types of messages (both religious and non-religious) to target audiences through different media channels.

Ultimately, this article aims to provide guidance for future media managers by examining and referencing the applications or functions of artificial intelligence across various media industries, while also suggesting recommendations for other researchers.

This article aims to examine whether, in the process of the mediatization of religion, the media plays a leading and determining role, transforming religion according to its own nature, or vice versa.

This qualitative study is conducted through library research. To this end, it will explore and compare two significant theories in media studies: technological determinism and social-religious determinism, paving the way for conclusions.

This research defends the claim that a deterministic argument regarding the relationship between religion and media is valid, asserting that it is the media that has a determining role. Finally, we will examine existing alternatives to the theory of the mediatization of religion.

A new analysis of Yervard's theory indicates that contrary to popular belief, determinism still functions and plays an important role in the relationship between media and religion.