نشریه دانش انتظامی آذربایجان غربی
پیاپی 60 (پاییز 1402)

Despite the importance of female police officers in establishing community security, few efforts have been made to identify their work-related challenges. This research focuses on the organizational and social challenges faced by female police officers in the police command of West Azerbaijan Province, aiming to recognize and address these challenges. The study is practical in purpose and employs a qualitative approach using thematic analysis. The study population comprises lieutenants, regional commanders, managers, and female employees in the year 1401 (according to the Iranian calendar). Participants were selected through purposive sampling based on specific criteria, with a final sample size of 45 individuals, determined by the point of theoretical saturation. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and open-ended questions, and main themes were analyzed using Colaizzi's 7-step method. Qualitative findings revealed five themes in the area of social challenges and eight themes in the area of organizational challenges. The results indicate that the majority of respondents strongly affirm the significance of these identified themes. Suggested solutions include gradually changing societal views on female police officers, leveraging mass communication tools, presenting successful role models, using films and series, reviewing and adapting relevant laws and regulations, consulting religious authorities (mujtahids), and applying scientific methods to reduce organizational and social challenges. Ensuring respect for women's individuality and security in the work environment is seen as critical for overcoming the obstacles associated with employing female police officers in law enforcement roles.

Operations research has long focused on defense and security issues, with its origins and growth closely linked to these areas. The methods and techniques used in operations research offer substantial capabilities for analyzing and solving defense and security challenges. Research in this field is broad and diverse, covering an extensive range of topics. The large number of publications and high citation rates underscore the importance and influence of this field within the academic community. Furthermore, the increasing publication rate highlights growing interest and ongoing advancements in this area. Researchers in defense and security operations research have access to a wealth of literature that provides a robust foundation for further exploration. Operations research is, in essence, a field that applies mathematical and analytical methods to support decision-making processes across various industries. Specifically, in defense and security, operations research plays a crucial role in assisting military and security organizations with strategic planning, resource allocation, and operational management. This paper aims to provide an overview of the key techniques in operations research utilized within defense and security. Additionally, it examines the role, significance, and relevance of operations research in supporting efficient and effective decision-making in these critical areas.

In cases of loss and damage, civil liability laws in a country’s legal system determine the degree of responsibility each party (both the injured and the responsible parties) holds in providing compensation. It is essential to define the share of civil liability attributed to both the victim and the police in certain damages arising from police presence. This study is a descriptive, library-based analysis that examines and compares the Iranian legal system with other legal systems regarding the role of victim fault in police civil liability. Data collection and analysis include relevant laws, judicial procedures, and legal perspectives. The findings of this study highlight key principles, rules, and influencing factors related to the issue. Specifically, it explores the factors leading to loss, the harmful act itself, and the causal relationship between the loss and harmful act, particularly in comparison with other countries' legal systems. Establishing causation and assessing the victim’s role—considering existing principles such as the rule of warning and the doctrines of joint and comparative fault—can, in some cases, even mitigate or eliminate the civil liability of the police.

This research aimed to explore solutions for using modern systems ("smartization") to prevent theft in West Azerbaijan Province, with a focus on identifying, evaluating, and proposing smart solutions to reduce theft. The study is practical in purpose, qualitative in nature, and exploratory in its research method. The research population consists of judges, local administrators, and law enforcement specialists in West Azerbaijan Province, selected through purposive sampling. Data collection was conducted via semi-structured interviews, with validity and reliability ensured by consulting experts and referencing theoretical foundations. Thematic analysis was employed to process the data, extracting themes from the interview responses, categorizing content, and analyzing findings using Maxqda software. The results of this qualitative study indicate that the central concept of smartization—encompassing human resources, technological infrastructure, and strategic planning—plays a significant role in preventing theft, reducing incidents, enhancing the speed and accuracy of organizational operations, reducing costs, accelerating service delivery, increasing public satisfaction, and achieving organizational goals and vision. The findings reveal that smartization through biometric-based systems, strategy-based (control and supervisory) systems, and multimedia systems is essential for theft prevention, social security, improving premises’ performance and efficiency, and controlling environments outside of government monitoring areas. These factors play a substantial role in preventing the increase in theft rates.

This research aims to identify the factors contributing to the increased inclination of teenagers and young people toward designer and traditional drugs through a meta-analytical approach. The study is descriptive in purpose, applied in terms of its practical focus, and quantitative in data type. The research population includes studies published in scientific journals and prestigious conferences over the past 10 years (2011–2022) related to the causes of increased drug use among teenagers and young people, with adequate sample sizes. Nineteen studies meeting methodological criteria were selected for analysis. A meta-analysis checklist was used as the research tool. After summarizing the findings from the selected studies, effect sizes were calculated manually and interpreted based on a combined meta-analysis approach and Cohen’s effect size scale. The key studies were categorized into sociological and psychological approaches. Among the psychological factors, "temptation to consume" and "pleasure-seeking" were prominent, while sociological factors such as "drug availability," "influence of friends and peers," "membership in delinquent subcultures," and "unemployment and economic challenges" showed the highest effect sizes. The results indicate that the average effect size (Cohen's d) of psychological and sociological factors on drug use inclination is 0.40 and 0.69, respectively. These findings demonstrate that sociological factors have a particularly strong influence on drug use tendencies. This suggests that any program aimed at combating drug use should emphasize these environmental and social variables, integrating them into its framework.

The objective of this research is to develop strategies and practical solutions for institutionalizing the components and indicators of the "Jihad of Tabyin" within Faraja (Iran's Law Enforcement Force). This study employs a mixed-methods approach with both qualitative and quantitative designs conducted simultaneously. In the qualitative phase, a phenomenological approach was used, while the quantitative phase adopted a descriptive-survey method. The theoretical framework and literature review were developed through document and library-based research. In the quantitative phase, two questionnaires on wisdom-based leadership and management were administered. Exploratory factor analysis was conducted to identify the study’s key indicators. A matrix approach was applied to analyze and recommend suitable strategies for institutionalizing the "Jihad of Tabyin" components. The research sample consisted of 270 personnel from the West Azerbaijan Province Police Headquarters, chosen for their knowledge and experience relevant to the study’s focus. A random sampling method was used, resulting in 157 completed questionnaires. The findings highlight that knowledge management plays a significant role within the studied community, underscoring the importance of knowledge creation and organization, both of which have substantial value and relatively strong standing. However, knowledge storage and sharing indicators, along with knowledge-based performance, were found to be insufficient. Additionally, organizational culture emerged as a major barrier to knowledge sharing, especially in organizations where job security and advancement are tied to individual expertise, and where knowledge serves as a source of personal power.